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--(216) Kleopatra, Alexhelios, and Cleoselene --discovery and notes:

Primary discovered1880 Apr 10from Pola, Austriaby J. Palisa.Alternate designation(s): A905 OA, A910 RA.Permanent number assigned 1880.

Named 1882 for Cleopatra (69 BC-30 BC).

Second component discovered2008 Sep 19 by F. Marchis, P. Descamps, J. Berthier, and J. P. Emeryusingadaptive optics telescope observations from W. M. Keck II Telescope, Mauna Kea, Hawaii, USA.Announced2008 Sep 24 [M08f].Provisional designation S/2008 (216) 1.Permanent designation I Alexhelios, assigned 2011 Feb 18; named for Alexander Helios (40 BC-?) [MPC73983].

Third component discovered2008 Sep 19 by F. Marchis, P. Descamps, J. Berthier, and J. P. Emeryusingadaptive optics telescope observations from W. M. Keck II Telescope, Mauna Kea, Hawaii, USA.Announced2008 Sep 24 [M08f].Provisional designation S/2008 (216) 2.Permanent designation II Cleoselene, assigned 2011 Feb 18; named for Cleopatra Selene II (40 BC-?) [MPC73983].

Shape model published [*].

--Links, more technical:

• IAUC 8980.
• Binary asteroid (216) Kleopatra.
• Asteroid 216 Kleopatra.
• 216 Kleopatra.

--Links, less technical:

• Two companions found near dog-bone asteroid.
• High resolution radar images of asteroid 216 Kleopatra released.

--Links to ADS abstracts:

• Jain, Ruchika & Sinha, Deepa 2014, Astrophysics and Space ScienceStability and regions of motion in the restricted three-body problem when both the primaries are finite straight segments
• Jiang, Yu, Baoyin, Hexi, Wang, Xianyu, & Li, Hengnian 2014, ArXiv e-printsOrder and Chaos near Equilibrium Points in the Potential of Rotating Highly Irregular-shaped Celestial Bodies
• Jiang, Yu, Yu, Yang, & Baoyin, Hexi 2014, ArXiv e-printsPeriodic Orbits, Stability and Bifurcations in the Potential Field of Highly Irregular-shaped Celestial Bodies
• Hirabayashi, Masatoshi & Scheeres, Daniel J. 2014, The Astrophysical JournalAnalysis of Asteroid (216) Kleopatra Using Dynamical and Structural Constraints
• Jiang, Yu, Baoyin, Hexi, Li, Junfeng, & Li, Hengnian 2014, Astrophysics and Space ScienceOrbits and manifolds near the equilibrium points around a rotating asteroid
• Hirabayashi, M. & Scheeres, D. J. 2013, AGU Fall Meeting AbstractsConstraints on the size of Asteroid (216) Kleopatra using stress analysis
• Laipert, Frank & Minton, D. A. 2013, AAS/Division of Dynamical Astronomy MeetingInvestigating Satellite Formation Around the Rapidly Rotating, Oblong Asteroid 216 Kleopatra
• Hirabayashi, M., Scheeres, D. J., & Holsapple, K. A. 2013, Lunar and Planetary Science ConferenceConstraints on the Size of Asteroid 216 Kleopatra Using Internal Stresses
• Crane, K. T., Minton, D. A., & Emery, J. P. 2013, Lunar and Planetary Science ConferenceThermal Inertia of a Metallic Regolith: A Simulant Sample Experiment
• Yu, Yang & Baoyin, Hexi 2013, Astrophysics and Space ScienceResonant orbits in the vicinity of asteroid 216 Kleopatra
• Yu, Yang & Baoyin, Hexi 2012, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical SocietyGenerating families of 3D periodic orbits about asteroids
• Chanut, Thierry & Winter, O. C. 2012, AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting AbstractsEvaluation of the Gravity Field and the Dynamic Environment of Asteroid 216 Kleopatra
• Yu, Yang & Baoyin, Hexi 2012, The Astronomical JournalOrbital Dynamics in the Vicinity of Asteroid 216 Kleopatra
• Marchis, F., Emery, J. P., Enriquez, J. E., Descamps, P., Berthier, J., Vachier, F., & Durech, J. 2011, AGU Fall Meeting AbstractsDetailed Pictures of Multiple Asteroid Systems in the Main-Belt
• Neeley, J. R., Ockert-Bell, M. E., Clark, B. E., Shepard, M. K., Cloutis, E. A., Fornasier, S., & Bus, S. J. 2011, EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2011The composition of M-type asteroids: Synthesis of spectroscopic and radar observations
• Bouvier, Jean-Claude & Horch, E. 2011, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyMinor Planet Observations with the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument
• 2011, Astronomy and GeophysicsNews and Views: Kleopatra a pile of rubble, shedding moons; Did plasma flow falter to stretch solar minimum? Amateurs hit 20 million variable-star observations; Climate maths; Planetary priorities; New roles in BGA
• Descamps, P., Marchis, F., Berthier, J., Emery, J. P., Duchêne, G., de Pater, I., Wong, M. H., Lim, L., Hammel, H. B., Vachier, F., Wiggins, P., Teng-Chuen-Yu, J.-P., Peyrot, A., Pollock, J., Assafin, M., Vieira-Martins, R., Camargo, J. I. B., Braga-Ribas, F., & Macomber, B. 2011, IcarusTriplicity and physical characteristics of Asteroid (216) Kleopatra
• Ockert-Bell, M. E., Clark, B. E., Shepard, M. K., Isaacs, R. A., Cloutis, E. A., Fornasier, S., & Bus, S. J. 2010, IcarusThe composition of M-type asteroids: Synthesis of spectroscopic and radar observations
• Bell, Maureen, Clark, B. E., Shepard, M. K., Issacs, R. A., Cloutis, E. A., Fornasier, S., & Bus, S. J. 2010, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyThe Composition of M-type Asteroids: Synthesis of Spectroscopic and Radar Observations.
• Marchis, Franck, Berthier, J., Burns, K. J., Descamps, P., Durech, J., Emery, J. P., Enriquez, J. E., Lainey, V., Reiss, A. E., & Vachier, F. 2010, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyCharacteristics of Known Triple Asteroid Systems in the Main Belt
• Shepard, Michael K., Clark, Beth Ellen, Ockert-Bell, Maureen, Nolan, Michael C., Howell, Ellen S., Magri, Christopher, Giorgini, Jon D., Benner, Lance A. M., Ostro, Steven J., Harris, Alan W., Warner, Brian D., Stephens, Robert D., & Mueller, Michael 2010, IcarusA radar survey of M- and X-class asteroids II. Summary and synthesis
• Sharma, Ishan 2010, IcarusEquilibrium shapes of rubble-pile binaries: The Darwin ellipsoids for gravitationally held granular aggregates
• Marchis, F., Macomber, B., Berthier, J., Vachier, F., & Emery, J. P. 2009, International Astronomical Union CircularS/2009 (93) 1 and S/2009 (93) 2
• Marchis, Franck 2009, American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #214Multiple Asteroid Systems: Search Programs and Studies with AO
• Alton, Kevin B. 2009, Minor Planet BulletinCCD Lightcurve Analysis of 216 Kleopatra
• Marchis, F., Descamps, P., Berthier, J., & Emery, J. P. 2008, International Astronomical Union CircularS/2008 (216) 1 and S/2008 (216) 2
• Somers, James M., Hicks, M. D., & Lawrence, K. J. 2008, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyOptical Characterization of Planetary Radar Targets
• Shepard, Michael K., Clark, Beth Ellen, Nolan, Michael C., Howell, Ellen S., Magri, Christopher, Giorgini, Jon D., Benner, Lance A. M., Ostro, Steven J., Harris, Alan W., Warner, Brian, Pray, Donald, Pravec, Petr, Fauerbach, Michael, Bennett, Thomas, Klotz, Alain, Behrend, Raoul, Correia, Horacio, Coloma, Josep, Casulli, Silvano, & Rivkin, Andrew 2008, IcarusA radar survey of M- and X-class asteroids
• Boice, Daniel 2008, 37th COSPAR Scientific AssemblyA versatile model of cometary nuclei and asteroids for spacecraft encounters
• Warner, Brian D. 2006, Minor Planet BulletinAsteroid lightcurve analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory - March - June 2006
• Lim, Lucy F. & Emery, J. P. 2006, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyA Spitzer IRS Survey Of Hydrated and Non-Hydrated M Asteroids: Preliminary 5-13 Micron Results
• Shepard, Michael K., Clark, B. E., Benner, L. A., Giorgini, J. D., Magri, C., Nolan, M. C., & Ostro, S. J. 2006, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyMore Results from a Long-Term Radar Survey of M-Class Asteroids.
• Shepard, M. K., Clark, B. E., Benner, L. A. M., Giorgini, J. D., Howell, E. S., Magri, C., Nolan, M. C., & Ostro, S. J. 2005, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyA Long-Term Radar Survey of M-Class Asteroids
• Hardersen, Paul S., Gaffey, Michael J., & Abell, Paul A. 2005, IcarusNear-IR spectral evidence for the presence of iron-poor orthopyroxenes on the surfaces of six M-type asteroids
• Storrs, A. D., Dunne, C., Conan, J.-M., Mugnier, L., Weiss, B. P., & Zellner, B. 2005, IcarusA closer look at main belt asteroids 1: WF/PC images
• Ostro, S. J., Hudson, R. S., Nolan, M. C., Margot, J.-L., Scheeres, D. J., Campbell, D. B., Magri, C., Giorgini, J. D., & Yeomans, D. K. 2004, NASA Planetary Data SystemAsteroid Radar Shape Models, 216 Kleopatra
• Bus, S. & Binzel, R. P. 2004, NASA Planetary Data System216 Kleopatra CCD Spectrum
• Takahashi, S., Shinokawa, K., Yoshida, F., Mukai, T., Ip, W. H., & Kawabata, K. 2004, Earth, Planets, and SpacePhotometric and polarimetric observations and model simulations of (216) Kleopatra
• Storrs, A. D., Bank, S., Gerhardt, H., & Makhoul, K. 2003, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyReconstructing HST Images of Asteroids
• Hardersen, Paul Scott 2003, Ph.D. ThesisNear-IR reflectance spectroscopy of asteroids and study of the thermal history of the main asteroid belt
• Hardersen, P. S., Gaffey, M. J., & Abell, P. A. 2003, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyM-Asteroids II: The search for weak spectral features on 16 Psyche, 125 Liberatrix and 136 Austria.
• Hestroffer, D., Berthier, J., Descamps, P., Tanga, P., Cellino, A., Lattanzi, M., Di Martino, M., & Zappalà, V. 2002, Astronomy and AstrophysicsAsteroid (216) Kleopatra. Tests of the radar-derived shape model
• Tanga, Paolo, Hestroffer, D., Cellino, A., Lattanzi, M., di Martino, M., & Zappalá, V. 2002, Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors: ACM 2002Shape and size measurements of asteroids by the HST Fine Guidance Sensors
• Hestroffer, D., Descamps, P., Kaasalainen, M., Tanga, P., Torppa, J., Berthier, J., Cellino, A., Lattanzi, M., di Martino, M., Piironen, J., & Zappalá, V. 2002, Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors: ACM 2002Comparison of topographic models for asteroids to the HST/FGS data
• Hestroffer, D., Marchis, F., Fusco, T., & Berthier, J. 2002, Astronomy and AstrophysicsAdaptive optics observations of asteroid (216) Kleopatra
• Hestroffer, D., Tanga, P., Berthier, J., Cellino, A., Lattanti, M., di Martino, M., & Zappalá, V. 2002, Memorie della Societa Astronomica ItalianaHST/FGS interferometric observations of asteroids
• Shinokawa, K., Takahashi, S., Ogawa, K., Yoshida, F., Minato, T., Mukai, T., & Kawabata, K. 2002, Memorie della Societa Astronomica ItalianaObservations of photopolarimetric variation with the rotation of asteroids, 3 Juno and 216 Kleopatra
• Hestroffer, D., Berthier, J., Descamps, P., Tanga, P., Cellino, A., Lattanzi, M., Di Martino, M., & Zappalà, V. 2002, Astronomy and AstrophysicsAsteroid (216) Kleopatra. Tests of the radar-derived shape model
• Hardersen, P. S., Gaffey, M. J., & Abell, P. A. 2002, Lunar and Planetary Science ConferenceM-Asteroids: Searching for Weak Silicate Features on Potentially Differentiated Objects
• Kaasalainen, M., Torppa, J., & Piironen, J. 2002, Astronomy and AstrophysicsBinary structures among large asteroids
• Boice, D. 2002, 34th COSPAR Scientific AssemblyA Versatile Model of Small Solar System Objects
• Tanga, P., Hestroffer, D., Berthier, J., Cellino, A., Lattanzi, M. G., Di Martino, M., & Zappalá, V. 2001, IcarusNOTE: HST/FGS Observations of the Asteroid (216) Kleopatra
• Fauvaud, S., Sareyan, J.-P., Boussuge, J., & Bernhard, P. 2001, Minor Planet BulletinPhotometric Observations of the Minor Planet 216 Kleopatra
• Storrs, A. D., Dunne, C., Conan, J.-M., & Mugnier, L. 2000, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyHST Imaging Observations of Asteroid 216 Kleopatra
• Boice, D. C., Hasagawa, H., Muroi, K., Tanabe, R., & Watanabe, J.-I. 2000, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyModeling Cometary Nuclei and Asteroids
• Marchis, F. 2000, Ph.D. ThesisHigh resolution imaging of the solar system bodies by means of Adaptive Optics. A study of the volcanic activity of Io.
• Hasagawa, H., Boice, D. C., Muroi, K., Tanabe, R., & Watanabe, J.-I. 2000, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyA Physical Model for Small Bodies in the Solar System
• Leinhardt, Z. M., Richardson, D. C., & Quinn, T. 2000, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietySize distribution dependence in rubble-pile collisions and implications for (216) Kleopatra
• Merline, W. J., Close, L. M., Dumas, C., Shelton, J. C., Menard, F., Chapman, C. R., & Slater, D. C. 2000, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyDiscovery of Companions to Asteroids 762 Pulcova and 90 Antiope by Direct Imaging
• Hammergren, M., Macintosh, B., Gibbard, S., & Gavel, D. 2000, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietySpeckle interferometric images of (216) Kleopatra from the Keck I Telescope
• Foglia, S. 2000, Minor Planet BulletinCCD Photometry of 216 Kleopatra
• Ostro, Steven J., Hudson, R. Scott, Nolan, Michael C., Margot, Jean-Luc, Scheeres, Daniel J., Campbell, Donald B., Magri, Christopher, Giorgini, Jon D., & Yeomans, Donald K. 2000, ScienceRadar Observations of Asteroid 216 Kleopatra
• Ostro, S. J., Hudson, R. S., Nolan, M. C., Margot, J.-L., Scheeres, D. J., Campbell, D. B., Magri, C., Giorgini, J. D., & Yeomans, D. K. 2000, NASA Planetary Data System, EAR-A-5-DDR-RADARSHAPE-MODELS-V1.1:RSHAPES-216KLEOPATRA-200006Asteroid radar shape models, 216 Kleopatra
• Neese, C. 2000, NASA Planetary Data System, EAR-A-5-DDR-RADARSHAPE-MODELS-V1.1Small body radar shape models V1.1
• Marchis, F., Hestroffer, D., Cellino, A., Tanga, P., & Zappala, V. 1999, International Astronomical Union Circular(216) Kleopatra
• Ostro, S. J., Hudson, R. S., Nolan, M. C., Magri, C., Campbell, D. B., Giorgini, J. D., & Yeomans, D. K. 1999, AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts #31Plans for Radar Imaging of Asteroid 216 Kleopatra
• Ostro, S. J., Hudson, R. S., Nolan, M. C., Magri, C., Campbell, D. B., Giorgini, J. D., & Yeomans, D. K. 1999, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyPlans for radar imaging of asteroid 216 Kleopatra.
• Magri, Christopher, Ostro, Steven J., Rosema, Keith D., Thomas, Michael L., Mitchell, David L., Campbell, Donald B., Chandler, John F., Shapiro, Irwin I., Giorgini, Jon D., & Yeomans, Donald K. 1999, IcarusMainbelt Asteroids: Results of Arecibo and Goldstone Radar Observations of 37 Objects during 1980-1995
• Redman, Russell O., Feldman, P. A., & Matthews, H. E. 1998, The Astronomical JournalHigh-Quality Photometry of Asteroids at Millimeter and Submillimeter Wavelengths
• Mitchell, David L., Ostro, Steven J., Rosema, Keith D., Hudson, R. Scott, Campbell, Donald B., Chandler, John F., & Shapiro, Irwin I. 1995, IcarusRadar observations of asteroids 7 Iris, 9 Metis, 12 Victoria, 216 Kleopatra, and 654 Zelinda.
• Dotto, E., Barucci, M. A., Fulchignoni, M., di Martino, M., Rotundi, A., Burchi, R., & di Paolantonio, A. 1992, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement SeriesM-type asteroids - Rotational properties of 16 objects
• Weiss, Benjamin 1992, HST ProposalInvestigation of the Dynamics of Binary Asteroids
• Dunham, D. W., Osborn, W., Williams, G., Brisbin, J., Gada, A., Hirose, T., Maley, P., Povenmire, H., Stamm, J., Thrush, J., Aikman, C., Fletcher, M., Soma, M., & Sichao, W. 1991, LPI ContributionsThe Sizes and Shapes of (4) Vesta, (216) Kleopatra, and (381) Myrrha From Occultations Observed During January 1991
• Hutton, R. G. 1990, Minor Planet BulletinV+B Photoelectric Photometry of Asteroids 65 Cybele and 216 Kleopatra
• Ostro, Steven J. 1988, Reports of Planetary AstronomyRadar investigation of asteroids and planetary satellites
• Frank, P. & Frevert, F. 1988, Sterne und WeltraumRotationslichtwechsel des Kleinplaneten (216) Kleopatra.
• Lupishko, D. F. & Velichko, F. P. 1987, Kinematika i Fizika Nebesnykh TelThe sense of rotation of asteroids 21, 63, 216, and 349
• Koshkin, N. I. 1986, Kinematika i Fizika Nebesnykh TelDetermination of the rotation parameters of asteroids with large amplitudes of light variation
• Berdnikov, L. N., Grankin, K. N., & Rakitin, I. A. 1985, Byulleten' Instituta Teoreticheskoj Astronomii (Leningrad)Observations of minor planets in Saratov.
• Leone, G., Paolicchi, P., Farinella, P., & Zappala, V. 1984, Astronomy and AstrophysicsEquilibrium models of binary asteroids
• Carlsson, M. & Lagerkvist, C.-I. 1983, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement SeriesPhysical studies of asteroids. XI - Photoelectric observations of the asteroids 2, 161, 216 and 276
• Zappala, V., di Martino, M., Scaltriti, F., Djurasevic, G., & Knezevic, Z. 1983, IcarusPhotoelectric analysis of asteroid 216 Kleopatra Implications for its shape
• Magnusson, P. 1983, Asteroids, Comets, and MeteorsDetermination of spin axis orientation for asteroids 44 Nysa, 216 Kleopatra and 624 Hektor
• Magnusson, P. 1983, Asteroids, Comets, and MeteorsDetermination of Spin Axis Orientation for Asteroids 44 NYSA 216 Kleopatra and 624 Hektor
• Pilcher, Frederick & Tholen, David J. 1982, Minor Planet Bulletin216 Kleopatra: Visual Lightcurves of a Large Amplitude Asteroid
• Kennedy, H. D. & Tholen, D. J. 1982, Proceedings of the Astronomical Society of AustraliaThe brightness variations of asteroid 216 Kleopatra
• Knezevic, Z., Djurasevic, G., & Pavlovski, K. 1982, Hvar Observatory BulletinA review of photoelectric photometry of asteroids made at Hvar Observatory
• Ostro, S. J. 1981, NASA STI/Recon Technical Report NRadar investigation of asteroids
• Klemola, A. R. 1981, The Astronomical JournalAstrometric observations of planets, minor planets, and satellites - 1976-1980
• Grossman, Martin, Hoffman, Martin, & Duerbeck, Hilman W. 1981, Minor Planet BulletinPhotometric Measurements of 216 Kleopatra
• Boninsegna, R. 1981, Ciel et TerreLes variations d'éclat de l'astéroïde 216 Kleopatra
• Tholen, D. J. 1980, Sky and TelescopeThe unusual asteroid 216 Kleopatra
• Tholen, D. J. 1980, International Astronomical Union Circular(216) Kleopatra
• 1980, Yamamoto Circular(216) Kleopatra.
• Scaltriti, F. & Zappala, V. 1978, IcarusPhotoelectric photometry of asteroids 37, 80, 97, 216, 270, 313, and 471
• Knopf, O. 1917, Astronomische NachrichtenBeobachtungen der Planeten 6 Hebe und 216 Kleopatra
• Abetti, Antonio 1906, Astronomische NachrichtenPianeta 1905 QR = (216) Kleopatra
• 1905, Astronomische NachrichtenBeobachtungen des Planeten (216) Kleopatra [1905 QR]

©2008-2011, 2014by Wm. Robert Johnston.
Last modified21 September 2014.
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