Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 17, March 4, 1897
Author: Various
Release date: March 14, 2005 [eBook #15358]
Most recently updated: December 14, 2020
Language: English
Credits: Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online Distributed
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| Subscription Price, | MARCH 4, 1897 | Vol. 1. No. 17 |
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The Great Round World offers five prizes, each to be a bookcosting not over $2.50, andto be selected by the winners, for each ofthe best five commercial maps of the United States, to be sent in beforeFebruary 1st. These maps are to be filled in, without assistance, by thecontestants; Klemm's Relief Map of the United-States to be used for thispurpose; one of these Relief Maps will be sent without charge to anysubscriber who wishes to compete. Directions for the competition will befound inThe Great Round World, No. 4, under story of "PioneerSettlers of Marietta, Ohio."
NORTH AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, EUROPE, ASIA, AND AFRICA.
One set will be sent without charge to any yearly subscriber who wishes to compete.
A pair of skates will be given to the boy or girl who will fill in andsend the most complete set of political maps of the five continents byFebruary 1st. These maps are to be the Klemm's Relief Maps, and thepolitical divisions are to be represented entirely by color, with an indexon the margin of the maps to show which colors represent the differentnations. The skates given as this prize may be selected by the winner.
At my New Store (FEBRUARY 1ST)
The St. Ann Building
With the greatly increased facilities I can now offer to my customers theconvenience of an assortment of text-books and supplies more complete thanany other in any store in this city. Books will be classified according tosubject. Teachers and students are invited to call and refer to theshelves when in search of information; every convenience and assistancewill be rendered them.
Reading Charts, miscellaneous Reference Charts, Maps, Globes, Blackboards,and School Supplies at net prices singly or in quantity.
All books removed from old store (more or less damaged by removal) will beclosed out at low prices.
Mail orders promptly attended to
All books, etc., subject to approval
William Beverley Harison, 3 & 5 West 18th Street
FORMERLY 59 FIFTH AVENUE
Copyrighted 1897, ByWilliam Beverley Harison.
Vol. 1 March 4, 1897. No. 17
The news from Cuba is not very encouraging.
The reforms promised by Spain are not believed in by the Cubans, and thefighting is going on as fiercely as ever.
General Gomez, who is the head of the insurgent army, declares that Cubawill never accept anything from Spain but absolute freedom.
When he took command of the Cuban army, Gomez made this a condition of hisacceptance. He did this because, years ago, when Cuba was fighting Spain,the Spaniards offered all the reforms the people asked for, and promisedthem everything they desired.
The Cubans believed Spain, and laid down their arms, only to find thatthey had been deceived and cheated. Spain did not keep her word, andprobably never had any intention of doing so.
General Gomez does not mean to give her the chance of deceiving Cubatwice.
The Cuban leader has issued orders to the sugar planters, forbidding themto grind their cane, and threatening to burn their plantations if theyattemptto disobey him. He promises the planters a speedy ending to thewar, and says he is absolutely sure of the final triumph of the Cubanarms.
In the mean while, he has slipped past General Weyler, who is marchingover the country, declaring it pacified.
The truth of the matter is, that in the so-called pacified country, whichlies between Weyler and Havana, the entire insurgent army is assembled andat work.
In this very district that General Weyler declares to be so quiet, therebels are using dynamite with deadly success. They are placing bombs onthe railroad tracks, and trains are being blown up almost daily, killingmany Spanish soldiers.
News of encounters between the enemies is constantly being brought in.Every day some small fight occurs that does little for the cause, butshows that the Cubans are still unconquered.
General Gomez had a long talk with the representative of one of our mostreliable newspapers, and told him that he has over forty thousand soldiersfighting for freedom, but that unfortunately he has not enough guns orammunition for more than half the number. He says that nearly everysoldier carries a machete, which is a weapon in use among SpanishAmericans. It is half knife, half cleaver, and is carried by the peasantsfor general use upon the plantations. It makes a formidable weapon, butis, of course, not so valuable as a rifle would be.
General Gomez said that if his men were only well armed, he would givebattle to Weyler, and would without doubt beat him. He declared that hecouldraise seventy-five thousand men in a month, if he only had themeans of arming them.
He spoke in a most determined way about the proposed reforms, and repeatedthat he would take nothing from Spain but freedom. He went on to say thatthe hatred of Spain was now so strong in Cuban hearts, that were therevolution to fail, he was sure that a large majority of Cubans wouldleave their homes, and go and live in a foreign country, rather thancontinue under the hated rule of Spain.
He was asked what he thought about the way the United States was treatingCuba.
This was rather a difficult question for him to answer, because he wastalking to an American; but General Gomez is a brave man, and a sincereman, and he was not afraid to give his real opinion.
He said, that while he did not think that the United States was alliedwith Spain to bring about the defeat of the Cubans, he thought the refusalto recognize the Cuban government, and the assistance given to Spain tostop filibustering, looked very much as if the United States was morefriendly to Spain than to Cuba.
This being the case, he said it was out of the question for the Cubangovernment to listen to the advice of the United States about the reformsthat Spain offered. Cuba could not regard the United States as her friend,and would not therefore take any suggestions from her.
Many people have supposed that even if the Cubans were successful, peacewould not be restored to the island. There are so many negroes and"half-breed" white people among the Cubans, that the idea has got aboutthat the white Cubans and colored Cubans would fight each other for theright to govern.
General Gomez spoke with much feeling on this point.
He said the colored people had borne their share in the revolution bravelyand nobly, and that there never had been, and never would be, anydistinction made between the white man and the man of African origin. AllCubans had fought shoulder to shoulder, as brother patriots should do, andbrother patriots they would continue, white or colored.
Only once did General Gomez show any excitement, and that was whenWeyler's name was mentioned.
"He is not a soldier, he is not a man, he is not a Christian!" he said."If he were a true soldier, I would respect him; if his troops were truesoldiers, I would respect them, even though they had come to hold Cuba inchains. But he is not a soldier, nor are his men soldiers; they are hereto butcher and destroy. They think to exterminate us; but though Cuba mayweep and bleed and burn, God is with us, and the right will come at last."
He said that he had often thought over Weyler's cruelties, and consideredwhether he should not treat the Spanish prisoners in the same way. But hecould not do so. The very thought of the cruelties ordered by Weyler, themurdering of innocent persons, the attacking of hospitals and killing thepoor invalids, filled him with horror.
He said that he was determined that Cuba should shed no innocent blood inthe name of freedom.
He was finally asked how long the war would continue, and his answer wasvery short.
"Until Cuba is free!" he said
It is said that General Gomez cannot yet bear to speak about the death ofMaceo, and of his own son, who perished at the same time.
When the news was brought to him, he showed the true nobility of hischaracter.
Calling his soldiers together, he bade them harbor no thoughts of revengefor the act of treachery which had cost them so brave a leader, but tofollow the example of those who had died for their country, and fightuntil death or success was their portion.
It is said that Gomez, as a token of respect for the dead hero Maceo,ordered his army to keep "silence" for ten days; which means that nearlyall of the usual noises in camp were suppressed, and stilled in mourning.
While Gomez is showing the true qualities of a soldier, Weyler continuesthe atrocious method of warfare that more closely resembles that of thebloodthirsty red Indian, than of a civilized Christian general.
He is openly in favor of ending the rebellion by killing every man, woman,and child who is in favor of Cuban liberty. This method is called"Extermination."
The Marquis de Apezteguia has travelled all the way to Madrid, to tell thePrime Minister of Spain, Señor Canovas, the truth about Weyler, and to begthat he be recalled.
He has told the Prime Minister how Weyler has been robbing the people, andhow he has made millions of dollars out of the Cuban war; that he is adisgrace to Spain, and to the Spanish name, and that there is no chance ofthe Cubans accepting terms from Spain while he is in command.
Weyler's treatment of the Cuban women is growing still more cruel.
Several Cuban ladies of rank were seized by his secret police, and withoutbeing told what they were arrested for, were taken to prison, and put in acell with the lowest female prisoners.
After being kept in jail for twenty days, they were forced to march, withall the criminals, through the public streets. They had to pass betweenfiles of soldiers, the mob hooting and howling at them.
They were then put in box-cars, which are cars without seats, like thosewe use for baggage. They travelled thus for more than twelve hours, packedclosely together with criminals of every kind, and forced to stand up allthe way.
On arriving at Havana, they were first thrust into jail with the men.
Thinking that this was perhaps a little too severe, they were removed tothe House of Refuge. This proved to be a wretched, unclean place, farworse than the jail.
The correspondents for the United States papers happened to hear of thearrival of these unfortunates, and went at once to the House of Refuge tosee them.
Imagine their horror when they found that one of these ladies was acountrywoman of their own, an American citizen.
Word was sent at once to Consul-General Fitzhugh Lee, and then thecorrespondents clubbed together, and bought some beds and small comforts,and sent them to the ladies.
General Lee at once tried to help the American lady, Mrs. Rodriguez, andfinally got permission for her release.
The other ladies said they wished they were Americans, that they mightalso be helped out of their miserable position.
These ladies do not as yet know why they have been arrested. They all haverelatives in the insurgent army, and suppose that is the reason for theirpunishment.
TheThree Friends, the filibustering steamer that has been in so muchtrouble, will soon know her fate.
She is to be proceeded against for piracy.
The officers, agents, and lawyers are not included in the new case, and sothere is no danger of any of them having to pay the penalty of piracy,which the law says is hanging.
The vessel alone is the guilty party, and if her guilt is proved, she willbe confiscated, which means, taken away from her owners.
We spoke about the trial of the tugDauntless and theThree Friends inNo. 14 ofThe Great Round World, and told how Judge Locke had setthem at liberty, because he said that if no state of war existed in Cuba,the tugs could not be guilty of breaking any of the laws between nations.
Attorney-General Harmon says that this decision of Judge Locke's makes theThree Friends guilty ofpiracy, for in time of peace she fired a gun onthe subjects of a friendly nation.
It seems that whichever way they fix it, theThree Friends is introuble.
The whole case rests upon the statement, made in certain New Yorknewspapers, that theThree Friends had a Hotchkiss gun in her bows, withwhich she fired on the Spanish gunboat that tried to prevent her landingher party.
If this statement is true, theThree Friends is guilty, and will havesome difficulty in escaping from justice. But it is evident that herowners are going to deny the whole thing, and say that she had no gun onboard.
In Jacksonville, where she will be tried, the people are already sayingthat it is foolish to suppose that there was a gun on so small a tug astheThree Friends, and in Washington it is thought unlikely that it canbe proved that a gun was on the boat.
This makes the matter very interesting, because the New York newspaperswhich published the story will not like to have it proved that they printanything which is not true.
They must do everything in their power to prove that the reportwastrue, while the owners of the tug will make every effort to prove that itwas false, and only a made-up story sent by the newspaper correspondent togive his paper an interesting item.
These "interesting" items are so frequent that people are afraid tobelieve all they read in the papers.
It is for this very reason that we have warned our readers that it is notsafe to say "such and such a thing has happened" until time enough haspassed toprove or contradict a statement; and this is the reason why weso often say, "it is said that this or that has happened." We want to bequite sure that a thing is true before we assert it as a fact.
There may be some false report of this character at the bottom of thetrouble in Siam, which we were speaking about last week.
The State Department has merely filed all the papers in relation to theoutrage on Vice-Consul Kellet, and has decided to let the matter drop.
Consul-General Barrett sent word that the King of Siam had not taken anynotice of his demand for an inquiry into the matter; and the only replygiven him was a polite note saying that his letter had been received.
People who know, say that this means that the Government wishes to havethe matter dropped. Otherwise word would have been sent to Bangkok thatthe Consul-General was to insist upon a proper explanation from theSiamese government.
Meanwhile, the commander of the gunboat which was sent to Siam, hasreceived orders to make inquiries. He is not to do this as an official, oron the part of the Government, but merely to find out the facts, and letthe Government know if it is necessary to take any further notice of theaffair.
It seems that Mr. Olney thinks that Mr. Kellet may have been to blame, andthat Mr. Barrett got excited, and made demands from the Siamese governmentwithout first stopping to find out the truth.
There is more trouble in Turkey, between the Turks and the Christians.
This time the trouble is in Crete.
Crete is a large island in the Grecian Archipelago, and lies just at thefoot of Greece.
It is a very celebrated island, and played a most important part in theaffairs of Europe when Greece was the famous empire of the world.
It has another claim for celebrity. It was the supposed birthplace of theheathen god Jupiter. Jupiter was a fabulous person, of course, but theGreeks believed in him, and declared that he was born on Mount Ida in theisland of Crete. When you grow older and read your classics, you willlearn a great deal about the heathen gods and goddesses whom the Greeksworshipped in the days before Christianity had come to enlighten theworld.
Crete, in the days of Grecian glory, was one of the most famous parts ofthat wonderful empire. From its favorable geographical position, it was atone time the place through which all the arts and wonders of Asia and theEast were made known to the then rough and uncultivated Europeans.
People from the East, and from the West, would meet on the island ofCrete, and it became one of the most important points in Europe.
After many ups and downs—you should read all about them in your Grecianhistory—Crete fell, with the rest of Greece, into the hands of the Turks.
When the Greeks fought for and gained their freedom from the Turks in1827, Crete struggled bravely for liberty too, but she was not asfortunate as hersister land, and had to submit to the hated rule of theTurk.
The Cretans are Greeks and Christians, and long to be under the rule of aChristian monarch.
In 1869 they made another struggle for freedom, and appealed to the powersof Europe to free them.
They asked to be allowed to join themselves to Greece, or else to be givenliberty, under the protection of some Christian country.
But they got no help, and the Turks still ruled in Crete.
The present outbreak is but a renewal of the old feud. The recent murdersof Christians in Armenia have made the Christians in Crete restless, andthey are determined to make one more effort for freedom.
The Greeks are anxious to aid the Cretans, and at the first word of therevolt in Crete sent war-ships to Canea, the port at which the fightinghas taken place.
The revolt appears to have been well planned, for the main cities of theisland were soon in the possession of the Cretans, who only waited asignal from Greece to declare a union with that country, and to overthrowthe rule of Turkey.
The signal seems not to have been long in coming, for, if the news can bebelieved, the union of Crete and Greece has already been proclaimed.
This will probably mean a war between Greece and Turkey; indeed, it seemsimpossible that war can be prevented, for Turkey is not going to sitquietly down and allow her possessions to be taken from her.
There is a report that a Greek ship entered Canea, the port of Crete, anddid not salute the Turkish flag. This looks very like war.
It is the custom for every vessel on entering a foreign port to salute theflag of that port, and a failure to do so is considered a very graveinsult.
The latest news seems very serious indeed, almost as if this Cretan matterwere going to bring about the European war that has been so long feared.
Russia has suddenly become very indignant with England, declaring that shehas stirred up this Cretan trouble, so that, in the confusion that willfollow, she may be able to secure some important ports in theMediterranean Sea.
The Russians have ranged themselves on the side of Turkey, and insist thatthe only way for peace to be restored in Crete is for Russian and Frenchwar-ships to occupy the ports, and force the people back into quiet.
England will not submit to anything of this sort, and if Russia and Francetake such action, war is bound to follow.
It must not be supposed that a war with Turkey is going to be an easything.
The Turkish soldiers are a fine, well-drilled body of men; indeed, theEnglish Minister to Greece stated that the Turkish soldiers were thefinest he had ever seen.
The Janizaries, the most famous regiment of soldiers in the world, are thebody-guard of the Sultan of Turkey.
Not only are they well-drilled and powerful men, but they fight absolutelywithout fear. A Turkish soldier will never run away—he fights till heconquers or dies. This is due to his religion, which teaches him that whatis to be will be, and that if it is hisfate to be killed he will bekilled, whether he runs away or stays in the battle.
So he stays—and does all the harm he can before his fate, whatever it maybe, overtakes him.
It is also his belief that if he is killed in battle his sins are forgivenhim, and he will go straight to Paradise; so he has no fear of the fight,and makes a very stubborn and dangerous foe.
In the mean while, the Sultan of Turkey has a little business of his ownon hand.
He is very much annoyed at the length of the conference of the Powersabout the reforms he is to be asked to make.
All the dead walls of Constantinople, where the Ambassadors are meeting,have been covered with placards and posters of a character to enrage thecommon people, and make them turn their thoughts to fresh massacres.
It is said on good authority, that the placards come from the Sultan, andhave been posted by his orders.
It is also said that he hopes to provoke the people and cause freshrioting, and so break up the conference which so much annoys him.
Another massacre may be expected any moment.
There is a movement on foot in New York, to prevent any more of the veryhigh buildings being put up.
It seems that no one has any idea of the danger from high buildings.
The Board of Trade and Transportation, which is trying to get a billpassed in Albany, preventing anyfurther work of this sort being done,asked the Chief of the Fire Department to come before it and give hisopinion of these high structures.
He told the committee, that at the present time the Fire Department couldnot fight a fire in any of these tall buildings. He said that none of theengines owned by the department could throw a stream of water higher than125 feet from the ground, and that all floors over that height would haveto be left to burn.
All the very high buildings are supposed to be fire proof, and ChiefBonner was asked what he thought about them. He laughed, and said therewas no such thing as a fire-proof building, and that in fact theiron-framed structures, supposed to be fire-proof, were perhaps a littlemore dangerous than the old style of brick building. He said that theseframes become heated and bend, pulling the walls down, so that they fallmuch more quickly than they used to, and make the firemen's work moredifficult.
The only absolutely fire-proof building that he knew of was the PublicLibrary in Boston, where there was no wood at all used in thebuilding—the doors and window frames even being of iron. He was sure thatso long as wood was used in the construction of any part of a building, itwas quite impossible to call it fire-proof.
Several architects were asked to give their opinions, and also someengineers who had made a study of the laws of health.
These men were all agreed that high buildings were unsanitary—which meansbad for the health—and that they made all the lower buildings around themunsanitary too, by shutting off the light and air, and making them dark,and inclined to be damp.
The general opinion was so much against these "sky-scrapers" that theBoard of Trade and Transportation decided to send a bill to theLegislature in Albany, praying that the erection of such dangerousbuildings might be stopped.
They ask that no structure may be higher than 165 feet. This will allowfor twelve and thirteen stories. It was proposed to run up some officesthat would be twenty-two stories high, and it was this that frightenedpeople into action on the subject.
The Board of Trade and Transportation does some very good work for thecitizens of New York.
It is made up of men who have large business interests in the city, andthey watch all the bills that are sent up to Albany, and all the work doneby the Mayor and Aldermen, and take notice of every part of the city'sgovernment, to make sure that the best interests of the citizens are beingcared for.
This Board is of the greatest service to all New Yorkers. The businessinterests of a city demand that all the roads shall be kept in goodrepair, that the ways of reaching the city shall be many and easy, andthat the fares shall not be too high.
Over all these matters, and a great many more which we have not space towrite about, the Board of Trade and Transportation watches faithfully anduntiringly.
There was a meeting of the George Junior Republic Association the otherday. Many interesting things were spoken of in regard to the settlement atFreeville.
You may not perhaps know what a wonderful association this Republic is.
The Junior Republic was started in 1890 by Mr. William R. George.
This kind-hearted man read a story in a newspaper, about a ragged boy inCity Hall Park, eagerly watching a little yellow spot on the grass whichhe hoped was a dandelion. It told how, after a weary waiting until thepoliceman's back was turned, the boy dashed under the forbidden rail,stooped for the prize, only to find that it was a bit of orange peel.
Mr. George was touched by the story of the boy's disappointment; the morehe thought of it, and of the longing of a city child for the trees andflowers of the country, the more he grieved that so many little ones neverhad a chance of seeing the green fields, and enjoying the wonders ofNature.
The result of it all was, that Mr. George collected twenty-two poor littleragged lads, and gave them a two weeks' outing at Freeville that summer.
From this beginning, the whole wonderful plan of the Republic shapeditself in his mind.
He thought that if he could get hold of the rough children of the streets,who have no kind parents to care for them, and use the summer holiday toinfluence them to good actions, he would be doing a great work for them.
He felt that the best way to bring this about was to put them in aminiature world of their own, where they would have the same trials andtemptations as in their city homes, but with the advantage of having someone at hand to show them the right way.
His plan was to form a genuine republic, to whichboys and girls wouldbe equally welcome as citizens. The plan has been carried out, and theJunior Republic is a great success.
It is an absolute republic, with a government like our own. It has itsPresident, its Senators and Congressmen, and so forth.
Mr. George is the President; the boy and girl citizens form the Congress,the Cabinet officers, the Judge, and the police.
The Constitution of the United States, and the laws of New York State, arefollowed as closely as possible, and other laws are made to regulate theparticular needs of the Republic.
All citizens, boys and girls, are required to work. Nothing is given awayin Freeville. The young citizens are paid for their work, and have tosupport themselves on their earnings.
The boys and girls who will not work get no food.
In all large cities and communities, the people who have money are obligedto pay a certain sum to help others who have none. Therefore men and womenwho do not work because they are old or ill, are provided with food andshelter from the money, or taxes, that the well-to-do have to pay.
In Freeville it is different. All the citizens are young and healthy, andable to work, so a law has been passed that no laws shall be made to raisemoney to keep the idle. No money is set aside to keep paupers, and thosewho do not work cannot eat. The result is, that there are no paupers ortramps in Freeville.
The way the children earn their money, is by working from eight-thirtytill noon every day at farming,landscape gardening, carpentry, cooking,millinery, and sewing.
They are paid according to their skill, and are divided into three grades;unskilled, medium, and skilled labor.
The children naturally try their best to improve, so that they may gethigher wages, and thus they gradually progress, and learn their trades.
They are paid every Saturday, like regular laborers, and out of the moneythey earn, they pay for their board and lodging through the week.
There is a bank in which the thrifty can put their savings, and when theygo back to the city they draw these savings out.
The money used is not regular money, but Freeville money, made ofcardboard, and at the end of the holiday the children are not given UnitedStates money for their savings, but the value of their little hoard invegetables, fruit, and clothing.
This summer outing teaches the rough boys of the city what their duties inlife are, and shows them, better than words could do, that the boy or manwho wants to be happy must work honestly and obey the law.
Freeville has its boy policemen, who arrest all evildoers; its jail, wherethe offenders are locked up; and its gang of convicts, who are only givenbread and water, and prison fare, and are kept at work the whole day,instead of from eight-thirty till noon.
The records of the Republic show that boys who have gone into Freevillerough and bad, and have commenced their citizenship with idling andthieving, have in a few weeks become law-abiding citizens.
So successful has this summer Republic been, that Mr. George has made uphis mind to keep it going the whole year round.
Over two hundred children were housed there last summer, and thirty-fourboys are passing the winter there.
Through the generosity of some wealthy people, a farm of forty-eight acreshas been bought for the Republic, and this spring and summer it isintended to make room for a much greater number of "citizens."
The Republic is supported by subscriptions, and the treasurer wants toraise ten thousand dollars, to carry out the many fine ideas Mr. Georgehas in mind for this summer.
England, Germany, and Japan have made inquiries into the work atFreeville, and Mr. George hopes that republics may be started in othercountries.
Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and Illinois are starting republics of theirown, and Mr. George has had word from the Junior Republic of California,that the plan is in working order there, and doing exceedingly well.
A Schubert celebration was held in Vienna on the hundredth anniversary ofthe great composer's birth, which occurred on January 31st.
Concerts of Schubert music were given, and an exhibition of hismanuscripts and letters.
An old battered piano which he had used was also shown. This is the onlyarticle which belonged to him that is known to exist, as he died inextreme poverty. It seems sad that his genius was not properly appreciateduntil after his death, and that he who was to give so much to the world ofmusic should have been denied all but the barest necessities.
We publish an account of his life, written especially forThe GreatRound World.
Franz Schubert.
Eighteen hundred and ninety-seven is the centennial year of FranzSchubert, the great composer, who was born in Vienna on the 31st ofJanuary, 1797. He was of humble lineage. His father, who also bore thename of Franz, was the son of a peasant, who studied in Vienna, and becameassistant to his brother, a schoolmaster. He married Elizabeth Vitz, whohad been in service as a cook in Vienna. Franz Peter Schubert was thethirteenth of a family of fourteen children, nine of whom died in infancy.His love of music was apparent when he was very young. A relative oftentook him to visit a pianoforte warehouse, and there, and on an oldworn-out piano at home, the child studied his first exercises without amaster. At the age ofseven he had a teacher, Michael Holzer, who used tocry out, "When I wish to teach him anything, he always knows it already."When he was eleven years old he was employed as a solo singer and violinplayer in a church. A little later his father succeeded in getting him aposition in the Emperor's Chapel, and he thus became a pupil in a musicschool, which was called the "Convict."
It seems that the boys at the Convict endured many privations. Thepractice-room was unbearably cold in winter, and the young students wereallowed to go without food for eight hours and a half, between a "poordinner and a wretched supper." When he was about fifteen, Franz wrote tohis brother, explaining his position, his hungry longing for a roll or anapple, and concluded in these words: "I rely on the teaching of theApostle Matthew, who says, 'Let him that hath two coats give one to thepoor.' Meanwhile I trust you will listen to the voice which unceasinglyappeals to you to remember your loving, hoping, poverty-stricken—and onceagain I repeat poverty-stricken—brother Franz."
His earliest composition for the piano is dated April, 1810. It was hishabit to date all his pieces. In March, 1811, he composed a long vocalpiece, "Hagar's Lament over Her Dying Son." His boy friends at the Convictwere devoted to him, and were eager to play, sing, or copy any of hiscompositions. One of them, Josef Spaun, who was several years older thanSchubert, and better off, helped him to procure all the music paper heneeded.
His first mass, in F, was composed and performed in 1814. It is said to bethe most remarkable firstmass ever produced, excepting Beethoven's in C.In 1815, when he was only eighteen years old, he composed the music formore than a hundred songs. The fine song, the "Erl King," was written inthis year, and many of his boyish songs are among his finest productions.When he died in 1828, he left more than 1,100 compositions, the greaternumber of which had not then been published.
In his lifetime, some of his songs were sold for a few pence, and he livedin poverty nearly all his days. Yet publishers have grown rich by the saleof his compositions, and his work is a delight to the world. The house inwhich he was born is marked by a marble tablet, and costly memorials havebeen raised in his honor. Some words that he spoke in the delirium of hislast illness made his brother Ferdinand believe that he wished to beburied near Beethoven. This wish was fulfilled, and his grave lies nearthat of the great musician, for whom from his early boyhood he always hada profound reverence and admiration.
There has lately been patented in England a system for making buttons,combs, brush-handles, billiard balls, and such like articles out of milk.
The bone buttons and articles of that kind, which we have been using up tothe present time, have been made of refuse from the slaughter-houses. Thisnew process will only require milk.
Any one who knows anything about dairy work knows what loppered milk is.It is the thick soured milk that one finds under the butter cream.
This loppered milk is made into cottage cheese, and many people, in makingtheir cottage cheese, stand it for a moment on the fire to thicken.
Woe to the dairy wife who lets it stay too long!
It becomes like little knobs of rubber, that nothing will soften. When onetries to bite it one's teeth rebound. It is the toughest kind of material.
Mr. Callander, the Englishman who invented the milk buttons, must have hadan encounter with some of this cottage cheese, and his trouble in chewingit must have made him wonder whether it wasn't intended for something elseinstead of food.
He has found a means of making the loppered milk so solid, that three daysafter he has mixed it with some ingredients, the secret of which he willnot tell, it is like celluloid, and is ready to be cut.
It has a glossy surface, and is of a creamy color.
It is said to be less brittle than bone or celluloid, and not likely tochip. Any one who has eaten cottage cheese that has been too long on thestove will believe that the new substance has powers of resistance thatare quite unequalled.
The Editor is pleased to acknowledge the letters from John Russell andFred S. Hall, and to know thatThe Great Round World is enjoyedby them.
It is difficult to answer Fred's inquiry, as to where we get our news. Theonly true answer is, from all over and everywhere. The Editor has eyes andears open all the while to gather interesting facts for the paper's youngreaders.
The Editor was pleased to receive the pleasant letter from I.L.G. Rice.The suggestion of an article on "Casting and Founding" is good, and willbe adopted at the earliest possible moment.
I.L.G. Rice must, however, bear in mind that expansion is thoroughlyunderstood by scientists, and that Dr. Moissan was not doing the roughwork of a foundry, but conducting a most delicate experiment, in which hebrought into play all the scientific knowledge available.
Dear Editor:—I have been thinking that I would write you and tell you how much I likeThe Great Round World. It interests me very much. I have looked for salt in the streets, but have not seen any.
It was funny that the bottle that Mr. McCoy threw into the water made such a journey.
I must stop now, but I still remain,
Your affectionate reader,
New York City. John F. Russell, Jr.
Dear Editor:—I am very much pleased with your book,The Great Round World. My father wrote you to-day. I am very much interested in it.
I want to ask you a few questions.
Can you tell me where you get your news? I see you say that Maceo was shot, after all. Do you think United States will declare war with Spain? Could you send me a copy ofThe Great Round World about the time the news of Maceo's death was first heard of, if you have a spare one?
I must close now. Please direct the letter to
North Adams, Mass. Fred S. Hall.
Dear Editor:—Our teacher has been receiving all ofThe Great Round World papers, and she reads to us every morning.
We like the paper ever so much, and have learned a great deal about both the Cuban war and our government. She also read us the little note you had printed in the back, saying you would answer (and be glad to) any question we might ask.
We pupils do not understand about the new platform at the end of Brooklyn Bridge, and I am going to ask a few questions. Will the platform carry you down as well as up? How many will it carry? About how large is it? Is there more than one? If so, please tell me how many.
From your friend,
Cheyenne, Wyo. Elsie K. (age 11).
Dear Elsie:
In reply to your letter about the Brooklyn Bridge.
It is only arranged to save people climbing up-stairs. It is easy enoughto go down-stairs, but it is the climbing up that people dislike, and thenew elevator is to save this trouble.
It will take up three thousand passengers an hour, and if it is thesuccess it promises to be, six of these lazy-man's staircases will be putinto use.
It is the same size as the staircase of which it is to take the place.
The following school books will be taken in exchange for subscriptions for"Great Round World" at prices named.
Send books by express prepaid. Send none which are much soiled or worn;pages must not be torn nor missing. Mark package—"Great RoundWorld, 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City, care William BeverleyHarison."
Put your name on package and send a list by mail with your subscriptionorder.
We can use Standard School Books of all kinds, send List of any you may wish to dispose of.
READERS
| Barnes' | First, | 20c. | Second, | 30c. | Third, | 40c. |
| Appleton's | " | 15c. | " | 25c. | " | 30c. |
| Cyr's | " | 20c. | " | 25c. | " | 30c. |
| New Franklin | " | 20c. | " | 30c. | " | 35c. |
| McGuffey's Revised | " | 15c. | " | 25c. | " | 30c. |
| Stickney's | " | 10c. | " | 15c. | " | 20c. |
| Swinton's | " | 20c. | " | 30c. | " | 40c. |
| Information | " | 30c. | " | 30c. | " | 30c. |
HISTORIES, UNITED STATES
| Barnes' | Primary, 40c. | Large 1890 or later, | 75c. |
| Eggleston's | First Book, 40c. | " | 75c. |
| Fiske's | " | 75c. | |
| Johnston's | Shorter, 40c. | " | 75c. |
| Montgomery's | Beginner's, 30c. | " | 75c. |
| Sheldon's | " | 50c. | |
| Thomas' | " | 50c. |
ARITHMETICS
| Bailey's | Mental, | 15c. | ||
| Brooks' | New " | 15c. | New Written, | 30c. |
| Atwood's | Part 1, | 20c. | Part 2, | 35c. |
| Milne's | Elements, | 25c. | Standard, | 40c. |
| Prince's | No. 1 to 7, | 15c. each | ||
| Sanford's | Primary, | 20c. | Common School, | 35c. |
| Robinson's | New | 10c. | Rudiments, | 25c. |
GEOGRAPHIES—(These must have North and South Dakota)
| Appleton's, Barnes', Maury's, or Eclectic Elementary, | 35c. | ||
| Monteith's First, 20c. | Introduction 30c. | Manual, | 50c. |
GRAMMARS
| Reed & Kellogg's Elementary, | 20c. | Higher, | 40c. | ||
| Whitney & Lockwood's, | 35c. | ||||
| Hyde's First Lessons, | 20c. | Second | Book, | 40c. | |
| Tarbell's | First Book, | 25c. | " | " | 40c. |
PRIMERS—10 Cents Each
Appleton's, Cyr's, Interstate, McGuffey's Revised, Riverside, Swinton's,Monroe's.
SPELLERS—10 Cents Each
McGuffey's Revised, Gilbert's School Studies, Modern, Harrington's (2parts in one), Babcock's, Patterson's Common School, Reed's, Sheldon'sWord Studies, Swinton's.
We can use, in addition to the ones named in this list, all kinds ofdictionaries, late editions of French and German books, Algebras, Latinand Greek books, and in fact all kinds of late text-books. If you send alist, prices will be given.
By JOHN JACKSON
| Theory and Practice of Vertical Writing, | $1.25 |
| Teaching of Vertical Writing, | .50 |
John Jackson, the originator of this system of vertical writing, is theonly teacher who has had the years of practice in teaching it that makethese the standard manuals for teachers and students. The adoption ofvertical writing abroad and in this country is largely due to hispersistent work and the marvellous results of his teaching. His series ofcopy-books were the first to be used in this country, and are consideredby experienced teachers, who are not to be misled by mere beauty ofengravers work, to contain the only practical well-graded course ofinstruction leading from primary work to the rapid and now justlycelebratedtelegraph hand—for these books are the only ones containingcopies in this rapid writing. The telegraph hand is the style used by thebest telegraph operators in the country—and these writers are universallyacknowledged to be the most rapid writers, and writers of a hand which ofnecessity must be most legible.
| Copy-Books (10 numbers), | 96 cents per dozen |
| Copy-Pads (8 numbers), | 96 cents per dozen |
BOTH SERIES CONTAIN SIMILAR COPIES.
Sample sets to teachers (post-paid), 75 cents
WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON
3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City
This is a handy little book, which many a teacher who is looking for meansto offer children genuine nature study may be thankful to get hold of.
Nature lessons, to be entitled to that name, must deal with what can behandled and scrutinized at leisure by the child, pulled apart, and evenwasted. This can be done with the objects discussed in this book; they areunder the feet of childhood—grass, feathers, a fallen leaf, a buddingtwig, or twisted shell; these things cannot be far out of the way, evenwithin the stony limits of a city.
Nor are the lessons haphazard dashes at the nearest living thing; on thecontrary, they are virtually fundamental, whether with respect to theirrelation to some of the classified sciences, or with reference to thedevelopment of thought and power of expression in the child himself.
The illustrations are few, and scarcely more than figures; it is not meantto be a pretty picture-book, yet is most clearly and beautifully printedand arranged, for its material is to be that out of which pictures aremade. It will be found full of suggestions of practical value to teacherswho are carrying the miscellaneous work of ungraded schools, and who havethe unspeakable privilege of dealing with their pupils untrammelled bycast-iron methods and account-keeping examination records.
Sample copy, 50 Cents, post-paid
WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON
3 & 5 W. 18th St. · · · New York City
LIST OF MAPS.
| Small size, 9-1/2 x 11 | { Plain, | 5 | cents | each. |
| { With Waterproofed surface | 10 | " | " |
Europe, Asia, Africa; North America, South America, East Central States,New England, Middle Atlantic States, South Atlantic States,Palestine, Australia.
| Large size, 10 x 15 | { Plain, | 10 | cents | each. |
| { With Waterproofed Surface, | 15 | " | " |
United States, British Isles, Roman Empire, Western Europe,North America, South America, Asia.
(POSTAGE ON SINGLE MAPS, 5 CENTS.)
"I would adviseSunday-school teachers to use, in connection with thelessons of 1897,Klemm's Relief Map of the Roman Empire. Every scholarwho can draw should have a copy of it. Being blank, it can be beautifullycolored: waters, blue; mountains, brown; valleys, green; deserts, yellow;cities marked with pin-holes; and the journeys of Paul can be traced uponit."—Mrs. Wilbur F. Crafts,President International Union ofPrimary Sabbath-School Teachers of the United States.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MAPS.
These maps are made in two forms, both with beautifully executed relief(embossed)—the cheaper ones of plain stiff paper similar to drawing paper(these are to be substituted for and used as outline map blanks), theothers covered with a durable waterproof surface, that can be quicklycleaned with a damp sponge, adapted to receive a succession of markingsand cleansings. Oceans, lakes, and rivers, as well as land, appear in thesame color, white, so as to facilitate the use of the map as ageographical slate.
WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON
3 & 5 W. 18th St. · · · New York City
Have you ever seen the beautiful colors in a fly's wing? or the holethrough a hair, or the little seed babies in the different seeds? Probablynot unless you have some extra eyes to see them with. We call these EXTRAEYES, MICROSCOPES, Microscope is a name made from two Greek words, MICROS,"small," and SKOPEIN, "to view," and is an instrument to look at smallthings.
A very nice one is shown in the following picture; it has glass plates toput these small things on, a mirror to reflect the light under them, andall of the little instruments necessary. The price is $2.00, and thiscovers the entire cost of a nice strong box with a place for each part,which will be sent to any address for this price.
William Beverley Harison, 3 and 5 West 18th St., N.Y. City
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