Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Title:Pattern Recognition Receptors and Control of Innate Immunity: Role of Nucleic Acids

Volume: 19Issue: 15

Author(s):Silvia Fischer*

Affiliation:

• Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen 35392,Germany

Keywords:Pattern recognition receptors, extracellular nucleic acids, innate immunity, toll-like receptor, systemic lupuserythematosus, DAMPs.

Abstract: The innate immune system protects against infectious microbes by the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which serve to detect pathogens on the host cell surface or in endosomesby pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerizationdomain-containing protein-1-like receptors, mannose-receptor, or retinoic acid-inducible gene-1-like receptors that initiate proper host defense mechanisms. In addition to pathogen-associated molecularpatterns, a series of endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns, such as nucleic acids, arerecognized by pattern recognition receptors, which serve as body´s own alarm signals under sterileconditions, such as ischemic injuries, trauma, tumors, tissue transplants, or autoimmune diseases.Thus, exogenous as well as endogenous nucleic acids can function as “alarmins” to alert the bodyabout danger or disease by triggering inflammation, dendritic cell maturation, and stimulate the immuneresponse resulting in the release of cytokines, which in turn can augment the local inflammatoryenvironment. Moreover, danger-associated molecular patterns such as nucleic acids can act as cofactorin the activation of pattern recognition receptors in situations of cellular stress or upon infection leadingto a massive amplification of the inflammatory response. As a consequence, acute and also chronicinflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, or atherosclerosis may depend on suchperpetuated proinflammatory responses involving activities of nucleic acids. As antagonists, RNase1or DNase administration or nucleic acid complexing agents may result in a significant blockade of theoutcome of particular pathological situations and in considerable tissue protection.

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Fischer Silvia *, Pattern Recognition Receptors and Control of Innate Immunity: Role of Nucleic Acids, Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2018; 19 (15) .https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920112804583087