Movatterモバイル変換

The name of this Genus is derived from the Greek "thrix" or"tricos"' for hairy.

There is currently a great deal of controversy revolving around thetrue classification of the Tricocereus Genus and many of its member species.Some recent studies propose that most tricocereus cacti be merged intothe Genus of Echinopsis. Since there is still a great deal of disagreementin this area, and since I am still unaware of any genetic data, the old(and best known) Genus of Tricocereus will be used until such time as sufficientinformation is available to the contrary.

There are 60 known species of Tricocereus, many of which contain psychoactivealkaloids.

T. andalgalensis -

Contains: candicine, hordenine.

T. bridgesii -

Fast growing, slender, columnar.

Contains: mescaline, tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine.

T. camarguensis -

Contains: tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine,N-methyltyramine.

T. candicans -

Contains: candicine, hordenine, tyramine, N-methyltyramine.

T. chiloensis -

Reported to contain unspecified alkaloids. Native to Chili. Has 16 to17 low, wide ribs, large tubercles. Grows to 3 meter tall with many thickbranches. Large , round areoles with white wool, older ones appear sunken.This plant has 8 to12 , 4cm long spines, amber in color, with dark tips.White flowers with red and brown edges.

Keep these plants warm during the winter

Reported to contain unspecified alkaloids.

T. courantii -

Contains: tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine,N-methyltyramine, N-methyl-3-methoxytyramine.

T. cuzcoensis -

Native to Cuzco, Peru.

Contains: tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, mescaline, 3-methoxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine.

T. fulvilanus -

Contains: mescaline, tyramine, N-methyltyramine.

T. grandiflorus -

Reported to contain unspecified alkaloids.

T. knuthianus -

Contains: tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine.

T. lamprochlorus -

Contains: hordenine.

T. litoralus -

Reported to contain unspecified alkaloids.

T. macrogonus -

Huge, columnar.

Contains: mescaline, tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine.

T. manguinii -

Contains: hordenine, tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, N-methyltyramine.

T. pachanoi -

( San Pedro ) A common ornamental cactus which is still widelyavailable for landscaping from local nurseries, particularly in desertstates. Known to the natives as the sacred Cactus of the four winds. Thisplant is native to the western slopes of the Andes of Peru, Bolivia andEcuador were it can grow to over 5 meters. An extremely hardy cactus itdoes well in colder climates as it grows in the wild at altitudes of upto 3000 meters. It is very fast growing, averaging up to a half meter ayear of new growth. When mature, the plants are large and multi-branchedfrom the base, growing as a large shrub when older. A columnar shaped Cactus,with 4 - 8 broad and rounded ribs, 6 or 7 being the most common. Very rareis the 4 ribbed variety, which is highly prized among the Indians. Theplant is also characterized by having 1 - 4 small spines per areole, darkyellow or brown in color.

The alkaloids present, including the majority of mescaline reside inthe first 1 cm of skin. The green chlorophyl containing tissue under theskin appears to be where the majority of the alkaloids accumulate. Theadjacent white tissue is low in, or totally lacking those active ingredients.The woody core is also considered esentially free of active alkaloids.(May contain some alkaloids that might alter the effects of ingestion )

Old specimens can have beautiful night-blooming flowers to 22 cm acrossthat have a lovely smell reminiscent of " beach-nut gum " . Unfortunatelyit is difficult to get to bloom, especially in northern latitudes.

This Cactus grows best in mineral rich, well-drained soil containingsome organic matter. Enjoys bright, but not full Sun and can tolerate abundantwatering, does well indoors in pots. Natural habitat is in soil rich inhumus and minerals, adequate rainfall, and maximal exposure to sun andwind. This species is also popular as grafting stock for smaller, slowergrowing cacti.

Used traditionally in divination, diagnosis of disease, finding lostor stolen property, and to possess another persons soul. A form of theoriginal San Pedro religion still survives to this day, around Huacananda,Peru.

There has been some suggestion that T. Pachanoi is merely a less suntolerant and less spiny variant of the rarer T. Peruvianus. I do not agreewith that assertion as both species can interbreed and many hybrids exist,one of which was probably used as the basis of that observation.

Contains: mescaline (0.11 - 2.3%), 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethylamine,3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine,anhalonidine, anhalinine, hordenine, tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine.

T. pascana -

Native to Argentina and southern Bolivia. A large, columnar plant to10 meters high. Has 20 to 38 ribs on thick 30cm stems. Close set areoleswith variable, yellow-brown spines to 14 cm long. This edible Cactus hasnocturnal white flowers that sprout from the top of the stems.

Contains: candicine.

T. peruvianus -

Also known as the Peruvian fence post. This cactus is fast becomingpopular, as it is almost as fast growing as San Pedro, but with a highercontent of mescaline. Very fast growing, huge when mature, columnar. Isreadily available in Peru but is rare as an ornamental in the U. S. Thisspecies is also known to grow on ledges and let its heavy arms, that maybe up to 5 meters long, dangle over the edge of cliffs.

Some studies reported up to 10% mescaline content by dry weight buta more reasonable and believable figure is in the 1 - 3% range. It containsonly a few other psychoactive alkaloids, mainly tryptamines in much lowerproportions.

Contains: mescaline (0.82%), 2-chloromescaline (.02%), tyramine (.009%),3-methoxytyramine (.01%), 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine, 4-hydroxy-3-5-dimethoxyphenethylamine(.004%).

T. purpureopilosis -

Native to central Argentina. Was once classified as a Cereus. Plantsgrow to 1 meter tall, with a bunching growth habit, having a glossy greenappearance. 12 low, blunt ribs, with white areoles, each bearing 15 to20 pale yellow, radial spines.

Must be kept warm in the winter, needs a rich soil with plenty of manure.

Contains: tyramine, N-methyltyramine.

T. santiaguensis -

Contains: tyramine, hordenine.

T. schickendantzii -

Contains: hordenine, N-methyltyramine.

T. skottsbergii -

Contains: hordenine, N-methyltyramine.

T. spachianus -

Contains: hordenine, N-methyltyramine (.007%), candicine (.01%), mescaline,tyramine.

T. strigosis -

Native to western Argentina, a common plant in the Andes foothills.Was once classified as a Cereus. Plant have a large, bushy growth habitto 1 meter across and 60cm tall.Stem has 12 to 18 flat ribs, closely setareoles, each with 20 spines. A slow grower, but bears brilliant white,scented, nocturnal flowers.

Contains: candicine, hordenine, mescaline, tyramine.

T. taquimbalensis -

Native to Bolivia.

Contains: mescaline (50% of total alkaloids), hordenine, 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine,3-methoxytyramine.

T. terscheckii -

Tall arborescent Native to Catamarca, Argentina.

Contains: mescaline, trichocereine.

T. thelegonoids -

Contains: hordenine.

T. thelegonus -

Contains: hordenine, N-methyltyramine.

T. tunariensis -

Contains: hordenine, tyramine.

T. validus -

Dwarf, clumping, pink flowers, native to Bolivia.

Contains: mescaline is the predominate alkaloid in a rich mixture.

T. werdermannianus -

Tall, columnar, native to Bolivia.

Contains: mescaline, tyramine, 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine, 3-methoxytyramine,4-hydroxy-3-5-dimethoxyphenethylamine.