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Supporting and celebrating global linguistic diversity

Garífuna

[akaGarifuna, Garfuna, Black Carib]

Classification: Arawakan

·

at risk

Language metadata

Garifuna, Garfuna, Black Carib, Caribe, Central American Carib, "Moreno"

Arawakan, Northern Arawakan, Maritime

ISO 639-3

cab

Ascsv

OLAC search

Language information by source

Compare Sources (8)
Information from: “Meso-America” (197-209) . William Adelaar and J. Diego Quesada (2007) , Christopher Moseley · London and New York: Routledge

Information from: “Meso-America” (197-209) . William Adelaar and J. Diego Quesada (2007) , Christopher Moseley · London and New York: Routledge

  • At risk
    20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
  • ~100,000
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

  • English-based Caribbean Creole

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

"There is a high degree of bilingualism with English-based Caribbean Creole." (2007:200)

PLACES
Honduras; Belize; Guatemala; Nicaragua
LOCATION DESCRIPTION

"Originally from the island of St. Vincent...Also spoken in Belize, Guatemala and Nicaragua. In Honduras it is spoken in the Departments of Cortés and Gracias a Dios." (2007:200)

Information from: “The World Atlas of Language Structures” . Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer · Oxford University Press

Information from: “Transnational Endangered Language Communities and the Garifuna Nation” (59-79) . Maya Ravindranath (2009)

  • Critically endangered
    100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
  • ~75,000

  • <10%%

  • ~10%%

  • Ethnic population in Belize: 14,061; Honduras: ~98,000.
    About 10%% of children were speakers in 1986; 90%% did not speak it; Those children are now parents. Neither they nor their children speak the language. (2007:27)

DATE OF INFO
1986
DOMAINS OF USE
SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION
MORE ON VITALITY

In the district towns of Punta Gorda and Dangriga, Garifuna is rarely heard on the streets and only older people regularly use the language. (1986, so probably even less now). In the rural communities one is more likely to hear Garifuna than in the towns.

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

  • English; Belizean Creole (Bileez Kriol)

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

All in Hopkins are at least bilingual.

PLACES
Honduras; Belize; Guatemala; Nicaragua; USA
LOCATION DESCRIPTION

"Spoken by Garinagu in over fifty communities" in the countries listed.
Belize: Dangriga (Stann Creek district); Punta Gorda (Toledo district); Hopkins; Seine Bight; Georgetown; and Barranco.

Information from: “Idiomas mayas: Número de hablantes y extension territorial” . Liliana Pellicer (2005) Prensa Libre

  • Endangered
    20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
  • 203 (Guatemala)

  • 203 speakers in Guatemala.

DATE OF INFO
2005
PLACES
Guatemala
LOCATION DESCRIPTION

Covers a 20 square kilometer region in Guatemala.

Information from: “Preservation strategies of the Garifuna language in the context of global economy in the village of Corozal in Honduras” . Santiago Jaime Ruiz Alvarez (2008)

MORE ON VITALITY

"Although parents have stopped passing on the heritage language to their children, by the ages of twelve to fifteen these children not only start to speak Garifuna as the primary language, but to also advocate with great pride for the use and preservation of the heritage language."

SPEAKER ATTITUDE
Positive
PLACES
Honduras
LOCATION DESCRIPTION

Corozal

Information from: “World Oral Literature Project” .

  • At risk
    20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
  • 191,974

Information from: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)” . M. Paul Lewis · SIL International

  • Vulnerable
    40 percent certain, based on the evidence available
  • 195,800

  • 98,000 in Honduras (1993).

    98,000 in Honduras (Rivas 1993). Population total all countries: 195,800. 100 monolinguals (2013, unchanged).

DATE OF INFO
1993
DOMAINS OF USE
MORE ON VITALITY

Shifting to Spanish [spa] in some villages. All domains.

SPEAKER ATTITUDE
Mostly positive
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

  • Spanish; English

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

100 monolinguals. Radio programs. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 2002.

Scripts (Writing system)
Latin script
More on Orthography

Literacy rate in L1: 1%%-5%%. Literacy rate in L2: 5%%-15%%.

PLACES
Belize; USA; Nicaragua; Guatemala; Honduras; El Salvador
LOCATION DESCRIPTION

Mainly north coast between Masca, Cortés Department and Plaplaya; Gracias a Dios Department. 37 villages in Honduras, 46 elsewhere in Central America (plus cities La Ceiba, San Pedro Sula, Tegucigalpa, and Puerto Cortés). Also in Belize, Guatemala, Nicaragua, United States (New York City; New Orleans).

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS

Mainly north coast between Masca, Cortés Department, Plaplaya; Gracias a Dios Department. 37 villages in Honduras, 46 elsewhere in Central America (plus cities La Ceiba, San Pedro Sula, Tegucigalpa, and Puerto Cortés).

Information from: “Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger” . Christopher Moseley (ed.) (2010) UNESCO Publishing

  • At risk
    20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
  • 115,625

  • Belize: 14,061 (2000)
    Nicaragua: no number given (critically endangered)
    Guatemala: 3,564 (2002)
    Honduras: 98,000 "Estimate by Rivas which appears in Ethnologue; the number of speakers in that estimate is now inaccurate."

MORE ON VITALITY

Critically endangered in Nicaragua.

PLACES
Belize; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua
LOCATION DESCRIPTION

Belize: Dangriga; Stann Creek; Toledo
Guatemala: Livingston; Puerto Barrios
Honduras: Masca, Cortés department; Plaplaya; Gracias a Dios
Nicaragua: Orinoco in the Regiones Atlánticas Autónomas del Sur

Discussion

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Information from: “Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger” . Christopher Moseley (ed.) (2010) UNESCO Publishing

12.5666,-83.7166;15.8268, -88.7506;15.6754,-88.1476;17.1833,-88.5833

Information from: “The World Atlas of Language Structures” . Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer · Oxford University Press

15.6666666667,-88.0

Compare Sources (2)
Information from: “Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger” . Christopher Moseley (ed.) (2010) UNESCO Publishing
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Sources of information

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Sources
IsbnSeriesMonthEditionNumYearTitleBooktitlePagesNoteEditorHowpublishedPublisherJournalVolumeAddressInstitutionChapterTranslatorSchoolUrlAuthorFree Text CitationCopied FromOlder AdultsEthnic PopulationYoung AdultsPrivate CommentSpeaker Number TextDate Of InfoSpeaker NumberPublic CommentSemi SpeakersEldersSecond Language SpeakersDomains Other LangsOther Languages UsedPrivate CommentGovernment SupportSpeaker AttitudePublic CommentInstitutional SupportNumber Speaker Other LanguagesEndangerment LevelTransmissionPrivate CommentPublic CommentDomains Of UseSpeaker Number TrendsPrivate CommentPublic CommentPlacesDescriptionCoordinates

SOURCE: “The World Atlas of Language Structures” . , Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer · Oxford University Press

SOURCE: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)” . , M. Paul Lewis · SIL International

SOURCE: “Transnational Endangered Language Communities and the Garifuna Nation” (59-79) . Maya Ravindranath (2009)

SOURCE: “Preservation strategies of the Garifuna language in the context of global economy in the village of Corozal in Honduras” . Santiago Jaime Ruiz Alvarez (2008)

SOURCE: “Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger” . Christopher Moseley (ed.) (2010) UNESCO Publishing

SOURCE: “Meso-America” (197-209) . William Adelaar and J. Diego Quesada (2007) , Christopher Moseley · London and New York: Routledge

SOURCE: “Idiomas mayas: Número de hablantes y extension territorial” . Liliana Pellicer (2005) Prensa Libre

SOURCE: “World Oral Literature Project” .

01992559112005The World Atlas of Language StructuresBernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. DryerOxford University PressNew York2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.15.6666666667,-88.0
162009Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)M. Paul LewisSIL InternationalDallas, TXhttp://www.ethnologue.com/Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)ll_pub195,800199310000098,000 in Honduras (1993).98,000 in Honduras (Rivas 1993). Population total all countries: 195,800. 100 monolinguals (2013, unchanged).Spanish; EnglishMostly positive100 monolinguals. Radio programs. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 2002.195,700Vulnerable (40 percent certain, based on the evidence available)Shifting to Spanish [spa] in some villages. All domains.11Mainly north coast between Masca, Cortés Department, Plaplaya; Gracias a Dios Department. 37 villages in Honduras, 46 elsewhere in Central America (plus cities La Ceiba, San Pedro Sula, Tegucigalpa, and Puerto Cortés).Belize; USA; Nicaragua; Guatemala; Honduras; El SalvadorMainly north coast between Masca, Cortés Department and Plaplaya; Gracias a Dios Department. 37 villages in Honduras, 46 elsewhere in Central America (plus cities La Ceiba, San Pedro Sula, Tegucigalpa, and Puerto Cortés). Also in Belize, Guatemala, Nicaragua, United States (New York City; New Orleans).
12009Transnational Endangered Language Communities and the Garifuna Nation59-79Working Papers in Educational Linguistics (WPEL)22University of Pennsylvaniahttp://www.gse.upenn.edu/sites/gse.upenn.edu.wpel/files/archives/v22/v22n1_Ravindranath.pdfMaya RavindranathMaya Ravindranath. Transnational Endangered Language Communities and the Garifuna Nation. PhD thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 2009. Online: http://www.gse.upenn.edu/sites/gse.upenn.edu.wpel/files/archives/v22/v22n1_Ravindranath.pdf.~10%%~75,000198610000-99999Ethnic population in Belize: 14,061; Honduras: ~98,000.About 10%% of children were speakers in 1986; 90%% did not speak it; Those children are now parents. Neither they nor their children speak the language. (2007:27)English; Belizean Creole (Bileez Kriol)All in Hopkins are at least bilingual.Critically Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)15In the district towns of Punta Gorda and Dangriga, Garifuna is rarely heard on the streets and only older people regularly use the language. (1986, so probably even less now). In the rural communities one is more likely to hear Garifuna than in the towns.1515Honduras; Belize; Guatemala; Nicaragua; USA"Spoken by Garinagu in over fifty communities" in the countries listed. Belize: Dangriga (Stann Creek district); Punta Gorda (Toledo district); Hopkins; Seine Bight; Georgetown; and Barranco.
2008Preservation strategies of the Garifuna language in the context of global economy in the village of Corozal in HondurasUniversity of Floridahttp://udini.proquest.com/view/preservation-strategies-of-the-goid:250787574/Santiago Jaime Ruiz AlvarezSantiago Jaime Ruiz Alvarez. Preservation Strategies of the Garifuna Language in the Context of Global Economy in the Village of Corozal in Honduras. PhD thesis, University of Florida, 2008. Online: http://udini.proquest.com/view/preservation-strategies-of-the-goid:250787574/.Positive"Although parents have stopped passing on the heritage language to their children, by the ages of twelve to fifteen these children not only start to speak Garifuna as the primary language, but to also advocate with great pride for the use and preservation of the heritage language."HondurasCorozal
3rd2010Atlas of the World’s Languages in DangerUNESCO PublishingParishttp://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlasChristopher Moseley (ed.)Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)ll_pub115,625100000Belize: 14,061 (2000)Nicaragua: no number given (critically endangered)Guatemala: 3,564 (2002)Honduras: 98,000 "Estimate by Rivas which appears in Ethnologue; the number of speakers in that estimate is now inaccurate."At risk (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)Critically endangered in Nicaragua.Belize; Guatemala; Honduras; NicaraguaBelize: Dangriga; Stann Creek; ToledoGuatemala: Livingston; Puerto BarriosHonduras: Masca, Cortés department; Plaplaya; Gracias a DiosNicaragua: Orinoco in the Regiones Atlánticas Autónomas del Sur12.5666,-83.7166;15.8268, -88.7506;15.6754,-88.1476;17.1833,-88.5833
2007Meso-AmericaEncyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages197-209Christopher MoseleyLondon and New York: RoutledgeWilliam Adelaar and J. Diego QuesadaAdelaar, William and J. Diego Quesada. 2007. "Meso-America." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by Christopher Moseley. 197-209. London and New York: Routledge.~100,000100000English-based Caribbean Creole"There is a high degree of bilingualism with English-based Caribbean Creole." (2007:200)At risk (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)Honduras; Belize; Guatemala; Nicaragua"Originally from the island of St. Vincent...Also spoken in Belize, Guatemala and Nicaragua. In Honduras it is spoken in the Departments of Cortés and Gracias a Dios." (2007:200)
January 232005Idiomas mayas: Número de hablantes y extension territorialdata republished in several locationsPrensa LibreRevista Dhttp://douglasvasquez.blogspot.com/2011/03/idiomas-mayas-numero-de-hablantes-y.html and http://www.monografias.com/trabajos-pdf2/guatemala-lenguas-mayas-desaparecer/guatemala-lenguas-mayas-desaparecer.pdfLiliana PellicerLiliana Pellicer. 2005. "Idiomas Mayas: Número De Hablantes Y Extension Territorial." In Revista D, Prensa Libre. Online: http://douglasvasquez.blogspot.com/2011/03/idiomas-mayas-numero-de-hablantes-y.html and http://www.monografias.com/trabajos-pdf2/guatemala-lenguas-mayas-desaparecer/guatemala-lenguas-mayas-desaparecer.pdf.203 (Guatemala)2005100-999203 speakers in Guatemala.Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)GuatemalaCovers a 20 square kilometer region in Guatemala.
World Oral Literature Projecthttp://www.oralliterature.org"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.191,974100000At risk (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
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