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REPORT ON THE CURRENT STATUS OF
UNITED NATIONS ROMANIZATION SYSTEMS FOR GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES
Compiled by the UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems
Version 4.0, March 2016

Hindi

The United Nations recommended system was approved in 1972 (II/11) and amended in 1977 (III/12), based on a report prepared by D. N. Sharma. The tables and their corrections were published in volume II of the conference reports^1,2.

There is no evidence of the use of the system either in India or in international cartographic products. It was stated in 1987 that the appropriate resolution had not been implemented in India and the Hunterian system was still in use in large-scale mapping³.

Hindi uses the alphasyllabic script Devanāgarī whereby each character represents a syllable rather than one sound. Vowels and diphthongs are marked in two ways: as independent characters (used syllable-initially) and in an abbreviated form, to denote vowels after consonants. The romanization table is unambiguous but the user would have to recognize many ligatures not given in the original table (only three are given). The system is mostly reversible but there may exist some ambiguities in the romanization of vowels (independent vs. abbreviated characters) and consonants (ligatures vs. character sequences).

Romanization

In the romanization system below the table of ligatures has been added.

I. Independent vowel characters

II. Abbreviated vowel characters (क stands for any consonant character)

• ^A With an additional mark: कॉ kā̆.
• ^B Exceptions: रु ru; रू rū; हृ hṛ.

III. Other symbols (अ stands for any vowel character in lines 1–3, क stands for any consonant character in line 4)

• ^A Pronunciation without a vowel: क् k.

IV. Consonant characters

• ^A Dotted variants of the characters: क़ qa; ख़ ḳha; ग़ g̣a; ज़ za; ड़ ṙa; ढ़ ṙha; फ़ fa.

V. Ligatures

Adscript form:

Other ligatures (the list is not complete)

Notes

1. It is recommended that the vowel अ (a) should always be romanized except when it ends a name. If a name ends with a consonant, the consonant should carry a sub-macron. Such cases, however, will be very rare. For example, कानपुर Kānapur (not Kānapura), जगत् Jagaṯ.
2. If each letter of a digraph or any two parts of a trigraph has a distinct independent sound then it should be indicated by a hyphen, thusd-h.

Other systems of romanization

TheHunterian system is the actually used national system of romanization in India.

• ^A Word-finally.
• ^B Exceptionally, e.g. beforei.

The transliteration standard for Indian languagesISO 15919: 2001 provides different transliteration equivalents to the characters of the Indian languages. These are:

• ^A Non-uniform vowels option: if the only scripts in view are without shorte, o, then longe, o may be transliteratede, o, respectively.
• ^B Used in Tamil.
• ^C Used in Bengali.
• ^D Used in Malayalam.
• ^E Used in Telugu.
• ^F Used in Oriya.

References

1. Second United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names. London, 10–31 May 1972. Vol. II.Technical papers. United Nations. New York 1974, pp. 119–131.
2. Third United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names. Athens, 17 August – 7 September 1977. Vol. II,Technical papers, pp. 393 etc.
3. Fifth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names. Montreal, 18–31 August 1987. Vol. I.Report of the Conference, p. 30.