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      std::ranges::stable_sort

      From cppreference.com
      <cpp‎ |algorithm‎ |ranges
       
       
      Algorithm library
      Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges(C++20)
      Constrained algorithms, e.g.ranges::copy,ranges::sort, ...
      Execution policies(C++17)
      Sorting and related operations
      Partitioning operations
      Sorting operations
      Binary search operations
      (on partitioned ranges)
      Set operations (on sorted ranges)
      Merge operations (on sorted ranges)
      Heap operations
      Minimum/maximum operations
      (C++11)
      (C++17)
      Lexicographical comparison operations
      Permutation operations
      C library
      Numeric operations
      Operations on uninitialized memory
       
      Constrained algorithms
      All names in this menu belong to namespacestd::ranges
      Non-modifying sequence operations
      Modifying sequence operations
      Partitioning operations
      Sorting operations
      Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
             
             
      Set operations (on sorted ranges)
      Heap operations
      Minimum/maximum operations
      Permutation operations
      Fold operations
      Operations on uninitialized storage
      Return types
       
      Defined in header<algorithm>
      Call signature
      template<std::random_access_iterator I,std::sentinel_for<I> S,

               class Comp=ranges::less,class Proj=std::identity>
      requiresstd::sortable<I, Comp, Proj>

          I stable_sort( I first, S last, Comp comp={}, Proj proj={});
      (1)(since C++20)
      (constexpr since C++26)
      template<ranges::random_access_range R,class Comp=ranges::less,

               class Proj=std::identity>
      requiresstd::sortable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
      ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>

          stable_sort( R&& r, Comp comp={}, Proj proj={});
      (2)(since C++20)
      (constexpr since C++26)

      Sorts the elements in the range[firstlast) in non-descending order. The order of equivalent elements isstable, i.e. guaranteed to be preserved.

      A sequence is sorted with respect to a comparatorcomp if for any iteratorit pointing to the sequence and any non-negative integern such thatit + n is a valid iterator pointing to an element of the sequence,std::invoke(comp,std::invoke(proj,*(it+ n)),std::invoke(proj,*it) evaluates tofalse.

      1) Elements are compared using the given binary comparison functioncomp.
      2) Same as(1), but usesr as the range, as if usingranges::begin(r) asfirst andranges::end(r) aslast.

      The function-like entities described on this page arealgorithm function objects (informally known asniebloids), that is:

      Contents

      [edit]Parameters

      first, last - the iterator-sentinel pair defining therange of elements to sort
      r - the range to sort
      comp - comparison to apply to the projected elements
      proj - projection to apply to the elements

      [edit]Return value

      An iterator equal tolast.

      [edit]Complexity

      \(\scriptsize N\cdot\log{(N)}\)N·log(N) comparisons, if extra memory is available; where\(\scriptsize N\)N isranges::distance(first, last).\(\scriptsize N\cdot\log^2{(N)}\)N·log²(N) comparisons otherwise. Twice as many projections as the number of comparisons in both cases.

      [edit]Notes

      Feature-test macroValueStdFeature
      __cpp_lib_constexpr_algorithms202306L(C++26)constexpr stable sorting

      [edit]Possible implementation

      This implementation only shows the slower algorithm used when no additional memory is available. See also implementation inMSVC STL andlibstdc++.

      struct stable_sort_fn{template<std::random_access_iterator I,std::sentinel_for<I> S,class Comp=ranges::less,class Proj=std::identity>    requiresstd::sortable<I, Comp, Proj>constexpr//< since C++26    I operator()(I first, S last, Comp comp={}, Proj proj={})const{auto count=ranges::distance(first, last);auto mid= first+ count/2;auto last_it= first+ count; if(count<=1)return last_it; (*this)(first, mid,std::ref(comp),std::ref(proj));(*this)(mid, last_it,std::ref(comp),std::ref(proj)); ranges::inplace_merge(first, mid, last_it); return last_it;} template<ranges::random_access_range R,class Comp=ranges::less,class Proj=std::identity>    requiresstd::sortable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>constexpr//< since C++26ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R> operator()(R&& r, Comp comp={}, Proj proj={})const{return(*this)(ranges::begin(r),ranges::end(r), std::move(comp), std::move(proj));}}; inlineconstexpr stable_sort_fn stable_sort{};

      [edit]Example

      Run this code
      #include <algorithm>#include <array>#include <functional>#include <iomanip>#include <iostream> void print(constauto& seq){for(constauto& elem: seq)std::cout<< elem<<' ';std::cout<<'\n';} struct Particle{std::string name;double mass;// MeVfriendstd::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,const Particle& p){return os<<'\n'<<std::left<<std::setw(8)<< p.name<<" : "<< p.mass;}}; int main(){std::array s{5,7,4,2,8,6,1,9,0,3}; // sort using the default operator<    std::ranges::stable_sort(s);    print(s); // sort using a standard library compare function object    std::ranges::stable_sort(s, std::ranges::greater());    print(s); // sort using a custom function objectstruct{bool operator()(int a,int b)const{return a< b;}} customLess;    std::ranges::stable_sort(s.begin(), s.end(), customLess);    print(s); // sort using a lambda expression    std::ranges::stable_sort(s,[](int a,int b){return a> b;});    print(s); // sort with projection    Particle particles[]{{"Electron",0.511},{"Muon",105.66},{"Tau",1776.86},{"Positron",0.511},{"Proton",938.27},{"Neutron",939.57}};    print(particles);    std::ranges::stable_sort(particles,{},&Particle::name);//< sorts by name    print(particles);    std::ranges::stable_sort(particles,{},&Particle::mass);//< sorts by mass    print(particles);}

      Output:

      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 99 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 99 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Electron : 0.511Muon     : 105.66Tau      : 1776.86Positron : 0.511Proton   : 938.27Neutron  : 939.57 Electron : 0.511Muon     : 105.66Neutron  : 939.57Positron : 0.511Proton   : 938.27Tau      : 1776.86 Electron : 0.511Positron : 0.511Muon     : 105.66Proton   : 938.27Neutron  : 939.57Tau      : 1776.86

      [edit]See also

      sorts a range into ascending order
      (algorithm function object)[edit]
      sorts the first N elements of a range
      (algorithm function object)[edit]
      divides elements into two groups while preserving their relative order
      (algorithm function object)[edit]
      sorts a range of elements while preserving order between equal elements
      (function template)[edit]
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