Thread::Queue - Thread-safe queues
This document describes Thread::Queue version 3.14
use strict;use warnings;use threads;use Thread::Queue;my $q = Thread::Queue->new(); # A new empty queue# Worker threadmy $thr = threads->create( sub { # Thread will loop until no more work while (defined(my $item = $q->dequeue())) { # Do work on $item ... } });# Send work to the thread$q->enqueue($item1, ...);# Signal that there is no more work to be sent$q->end();# Join up with the thread when it finishes$thr->join();...# Count of items in the queuemy $left = $q->pending();# Non-blocking dequeueif (defined(my $item = $q->dequeue_nb())) { # Work on $item}# Blocking dequeue with 5-second timeoutif (defined(my $item = $q->dequeue_timed(5))) { # Work on $item}# Set a size for a queue$q->limit = 5;# Get the second item in the queue without dequeuing anythingmy $item = $q->peek(1);# Insert two items into the queue just behind the head$q->insert(1, $item1, $item2);# Extract the last two items on the queuemy ($item1, $item2) = $q->extract(-2, 2);This module provides thread-safe FIFO queues that can be accessed safely by any number of threads.
Any data types supported bythreads::shared can be passed via queues:
Ordinary scalars are added to queues as they are.
If not already thread-shared, the other complex data types will be cloned (recursively, if needed, and including anyblessings and read-only settings) into thread-shared structures before being placed onto a queue.
For example, the following would causeThread::Queue to create a empty, shared array reference via&shared([]), copy the elements 'foo', 'bar' and 'baz' from@ary into it, and then place that shared reference onto the queue:
my @ary = qw/foo bar baz/;$q->enqueue(\@ary);However, for the following, the items are already shared, so their references are added directly to the queue, and no cloning takes place:
my @ary :shared = qw/foo bar baz/;$q->enqueue(\@ary);my $obj = &shared({});$$obj{'foo'} = 'bar';$$obj{'qux'} = 99;bless($obj, 'My::Class');$q->enqueue($obj);See"LIMITATIONS" for caveats related to passing objects via queues.
Creates a new empty queue.
Creates a new queue pre-populated with the provided list of items.
The following methods deal with queues on a FIFO basis.
Adds a list of items onto the end of the queue.
Removes the requested number of items (default is 1) from the head of the queue, and returns them. If the queue contains fewer than the requested number of items, then the thread will be blocked until the requisite number of items are available (i.e., until other threadsenqueue more items).
Removes the requested number of items (default is 1) from the head of the queue, and returns them. If the queue contains fewer than the requested number of items, then it immediately (i.e., non-blocking) returns whatever items there are on the queue. If the queue is empty, thenundef is returned.
Removes the requested number of items (default is 1) from the head of the queue, and returns them. If the queue contains fewer than the requested number of items, then the thread will be blocked until the requisite number of items are available, or until the timeout is reached. If the timeout is reached, it returns whatever items there are on the queue, orundef if the queue is empty.
The timeout may be a number of seconds relative to the current time (e.g., 5 seconds from when the call is made), or may be an absolute timeout inepoch seconds the same as would be used withcond_timedwait(). Fractional seconds (e.g., 2.5 seconds) are also supported (to the extent of the underlying implementation).
IfTIMEOUT is missing,undef, or less than or equal to 0, then this call behaves the same asdequeue_nb.
Returns the number of items still in the queue. Returnsundef if the queue has been ended (see below), and there are no more items in the queue.
Sets the size of the queue. If set, calls toenqueue() will block until the number of pending items in the queue drops below thelimit. Thelimit does not prevent enqueuing items beyond that count:
my $q = Thread::Queue->new(1, 2);$q->limit = 4;$q->enqueue(3, 4, 5); # Does not block$q->enqueue(6); # Blocks until at least 2 items are # dequeuedmy $size = $q->limit; # Returns the current limit (may return # 'undef')$q->limit = 0; # Queue size is now unlimitedCalling any of the dequeue methods withCOUNT greater than a queue'slimit will generate an error.
Declares that no more items will be added to the queue.
All threads blocking ondequeue() calls will be unblocked with any remaining items in the queue and/orundef being returned. Any subsequent calls todequeue() will behave likedequeue_nb().
Once ended, no more items may be placed in the queue.
The following methods can be used to manipulate items anywhere in a queue.
To prevent the contents of a queue from being modified by another thread while it is being examined and/or changed,lock the queue inside a local block:
{ lock($q); # Keep other threads from changing the queue's contents my $item = $q->peek(); if ($item ...) { ... }}# Queue is now unlockedReturns an item from the queue without dequeuing anything. Defaults to the head of queue (at index position 0) if no index is specified. Negative index values are supported as witharrays (i.e., -1 is the end of the queue, -2 is next to last, and so on).
If no items exists at the specified index (i.e., the queue is empty, or the index is beyond the number of items on the queue), thenundef is returned.
Remember, the returned item is not removed from the queue, so manipulating apeeked at reference affects the item on the queue.
Adds the list of items to the queue at the specified index position (0 is the head of the list). Any existing items at and beyond that position are pushed back past the newly added items:
$q->enqueue(1, 2, 3, 4);$q->insert(1, qw/foo bar/);# Queue now contains: 1, foo, bar, 2, 3, 4Specifying an index position greater than the number of items in the queue just adds the list to the end.
Negative index positions are supported:
$q->enqueue(1, 2, 3, 4);$q->insert(-2, qw/foo bar/);# Queue now contains: 1, 2, foo, bar, 3, 4Specifying a negative index position greater than the number of items in the queue adds the list to the head of the queue.
Removes and returns the specified number of items (defaults to 1) from the specified index position in the queue (0 is the head of the queue). When called with no arguments,extract operates the same asdequeue_nb.
This method is non-blocking, and will return only as many items as are available to fulfill the request:
$q->enqueue(1, 2, 3, 4);my $item = $q->extract(2) # Returns 3 # Queue now contains: 1, 2, 4my @items = $q->extract(1, 3) # Returns (2, 4) # Queue now contains: 1Specifying an index position greater than the number of items in the queue results inundef or an empty list being returned.
$q->enqueue('foo');my $nada = $q->extract(3) # Returns undefmy @nada = $q->extract(1, 3) # Returns ()Negative index positions are supported. Specifying a negative index position greater than the number of items in the queue may return items from the head of the queue (similar todequeue_nb) if the count overlaps the head of the queue from the specified position (i.e. if queue size + index + count is greater than zero):
$q->enqueue(qw/foo bar baz/);my @nada = $q->extract(-6, 2); # Returns () - (3+(-6)+2) <= 0my @some = $q->extract(-6, 4); # Returns (foo) - (3+(-6)+4) > 0 # Queue now contains: bar, bazmy @rest = $q->extract(-3, 4); # Returns (bar, baz) - # (2+(-3)+4) > 0Queues created byThread::Queue can be used in both threaded and non-threaded applications.
Passing objects on queues may not work if the objects' classes do not support sharing. See"BUGS AND LIMITATIONS" in threads::shared for more.
Passing array/hash refs that contain objects may not work for Perl prior to 5.10.0.
Thread::Queue on MetaCPAN:https://metacpan.org/release/Thread-Queue
Code repository for CPAN distribution:https://github.com/Dual-Life/Thread-Queue
Sample code in theexamples directory of this distribution on CPAN.
Jerry D. Hedden,<jdhedden AT cpan DOT org>
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