Sets and returns the random number seed for therand operator.
The point of the function is to "seed" therand function so thatrand can produce a different sequence each time you run your program. When called with a parameter,srand uses that for the seed; otherwise it (semi-)randomly chooses a seed (see below). In either case, starting with Perl 5.14, it returns the seed. To signal that your code will workonly on Perls of a recent vintage:
use v5.14;# so srand returns the seedIfsrand is not called explicitly, it is called implicitly without a parameter at the first use of therand operator. However, there are a few situations where programs are likely to want to callsrand. One is for generating predictable results, generally for testing or debugging. There, you usesrand($seed), with the same$seed each time. Another case is that you may want to callsrand after afork to avoid child processes sharing the same seed value as the parent (and consequently each other).
Donot callsrand() (i.e., without an argument) more than once per process. The internal state of the random number generator should contain more entropy than can be provided by any seed, so callingsrand again actuallyloses randomness.
Most implementations ofsrand take an integer and will silently truncate decimal numbers. This meanssrand(42) will usually produce the same results assrand(42.1). To be safe, always passsrand an integer.
A typical use of the returned seed is for a test program which has too many combinations to test comprehensively in the time available to it each run. It can test a random subset each time, and should there be a failure, log the seed used for that run so that it can later be used to reproduce the same results.
If thePERL_RAND_SEED environment variable is set to a non-negative integer during process startup then calls tosrand() with no arguments will initialize the perl random number generator with a consistent seed each time it is called, whether called explicitly with no arguments or implicitly via use ofrand(). The exact seeding that a givenPERL_RAND_SEED will produce is deliberately unspecified, but using different values forPERL_RAND_SEED should produce different results. This is intended for debugging and performance analysis and is only guaranteed to produce consistent results between invocations of the same perl executable running the same code when all other factors are equal. The environment variable is read only once during process startup, and changing it during the program flow will not affect the currently running process. Seeperlrun for more details.
rand is not cryptographically secure. You should not rely on it in security-sensitive situations. As of this writing, a number of third-party CPAN modules offer random number generators intended by their authors to be cryptographically secure, including:Data::Entropy,Crypt::Random,Math::Random::Secure, andMath::TrulyRandom.
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