perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
This 'cheat sheet' is a handy reference, meant for beginning Perl programmers. Not everything is mentioned, but 195 features may already be overwhelming.
CONTEXTS SIGILS ref ARRAYS HASHESvoid $scalar SCALAR @array %hashscalar @array ARRAY @array[0, 2] @hash{'a', 'b'}list %hash HASH $array[0] $hash{'a'} &sub CODE *glob GLOB SCALAR VALUES FORMAT number, string, ref, glob, undefREFERENCES\ reference $$foo[1] aka $foo->[1]$@%&* dereference $$foo{bar} aka $foo->{bar}[] anon. arrayref ${$$foo[1]}[2] aka $foo->[1]->[2]{} anon. hashref ${$$foo[1]}[2] aka $foo->[1][2]\() list of refs SYNTAXOPERATOR PRECEDENCE foreach (LIST) { } for (a;b;c) { }-> while (e) { } until (e) { }++ -- if (e) { } elsif (e) { } else { }** unless (e) { } elsif (e) { } else { }! ~ \ u+ u- given (e) { when (e) {} default {} }=~ !~* / % x NUMBERS vs STRINGS FALSE vs TRUE+ - . = = undef, "", 0, "0"<< >> + . anything elsenamed uops == != eq ne< > <= >= lt gt le ge < > <= >= lt gt le ge== != <=> eq ne cmp ~~ <=> cmp&| ^ REGEX MODIFIERS REGEX METACHARS&& /i case insensitive ^ string begin|| // /m line based ^$ $ str end (bfr \n).. ... /s . includes \n + one or more?: /x /xx ign. wh.space * zero or more= += last goto /p preserve ? zero or one, => /a ASCII /aa safe {3,7} repeat in rangelist ops /l locale /d dual | alternationnot /u Unicode [] character classand /e evaluate /ee rpts \b boundaryor xor /g global \z string end /o compile pat once () captureDEBUG (?:p) no capture-MO=Deparse REGEX CHARCLASSES (?#t) comment-MO=Terse . [^\n] (?=p) ZW pos ahead-D## \s whitespace (?!p) ZW neg ahead-d:Trace \w word chars (?<=p) ZW pos behind \K \d digits (?<!p) ZW neg behindCONFIGURATION \pP named property (?>p) no backtrackperl -V:ivsize \h horiz.wh.space (?|p|p)branch reset \R linebreak (?<n>p)named capture \S \W \D \H negate \g{n} ref to named cap \K keep left partFUNCTION RETURN LISTSstat localtime caller SPECIAL VARIABLES 0 dev 0 second 0 package $_ default variable 1 ino 1 minute 1 filename $0 program name 2 mode 2 hour 2 line $/ input separator 3 nlink 3 day 3 subroutine $\ output separator 4 uid 4 month-1 4 hasargs $| autoflush 5 gid 5 year-1900 5 wantarray $! sys/libcall error 6 rdev 6 weekday 6 evaltext $@ eval error 7 size 7 yearday 7 is_require $$ process ID 8 atime 8 is_dst 8 hints $. line number 9 mtime 9 bitmask @ARGV command line args10 ctime 10 hinthash @INC include paths11 blksz 3..10 only @_ subroutine args12 blcks with EXPR %ENV environmentThe first version of this document appeared on Perl Monks, where several people had useful suggestions. Thank you, Perl Monks.
A special thanks to Damian Conway, who didn't only suggest important changes, but also took the time to count the number of listed features and make a Raku version to show that Perl will stay Perl.
Juerd Waalboer <#####@juerd.nl>, with the help of many Perl Monks.
https://perlmonks.org/?node_id=216602 - the original PM post
https://perlmonks.org/?node_id=238031 - Damian Conway's Raku version
https://juerd.nl/site.plp/perlcheat - home of the Perl Cheat Sheet
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