Europe 1923: Beer Hall Putsch

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Political map of Europe & the Mediterranean on 08 Nov 1923 (The Rise of Fascism: Beer Hall Putsch), showing the following events: Occupation of the Ruhr; Treaty of Lausanne; Corfu Incident; Beer Hall Putsch; German hyperinflation.

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By 1923,hyperinflation was ruining the German economy and helping destroy its ability to paywar reparations. In an attempt to force payments,France and Belgium occupied the German industrial area of the Ruhr. In the turbulent times that followed, aMussolini-inspired German war veteran by the name ofAdolf Hitler led hisNazi party in a failed attempt toseize power in Munich.

Main Events

11 Jan 1923 Occupation of the Ruhr▲

Occupation of the Ruhrin wikipedia

24 Jul 1923 Treaty of Lausanne▲

The Grand National Assembly of Turkey signed the Treaty of Lausanne with the British Empire, the French Republic, the Kingdom of Italy, the Empire of Japan, the Kingdom of Greece, and the Kingdom of Romania in Lausanne, Switzerland. The treaty superseded the failed Treaty of Sèvres, defining the borders of the new Turkish Republic and recognizing it as the successor of the Ottoman Empire. The treaty also demilitarized the Daradanelles, opening the Turkish Straits to unrestricted civilian and military traffic, under the supervision of the International Straits Commission of the League of Nations.in wikipedia

31 Aug–27 Sep 1923 Corfu Incident▲

On 27 August 1923 the Italian General Enrico Tellini was ambushed and assassinated on the Greek border while heading a commission to resolve a boundary dispute between Greece and Albania. Two days later the Italian government sent an ultimatum to Greece demanding an apology, a 50 million lire indemnity, and a full inquiry into the matter under Italian supervision. When the Greeks rejected these last two terms, Italian forces bombarded and occupied the Greek island of Corfu on 31 August. Although Greece appealed to the League of Nations, it achieved little in the face of Italian and French opposition and was eventually forced to accept most of Italy’s demands in return for the evacuation of Corfu.in wikipedia

8–9 Nov 1923 Beer Hall Putsch▲

Beer Hall Putschin wikipedia

15 Nov 1923 German hyperinflation▲

German hyperinflation (4.2T paper marks to USD)in wikipedia

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