State support for science in Russia has shrunk since the collapse of the USSR in 1991, but President Vladimir Putin has made it a priority to revive its prestige.
Mr Kalinushkin said there were currently two groups of scientists in Russia - young people under 30 who could be expected to leave to work abroad and an older generation around the age of 50, who usually remain behind.
"Between 500,000 and 800,000 Russian scientists have left on long-term mission abroad in the past 10 years," he said.
"Almost none of them have returned."
Japan, the USA, the UK, Canada, France and Germany were the main beneficiaries, he said.
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