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[SEDS][MAA]HE ESSIER ATALOG


  • Hommage for Charles Messier on the occasion of his 200th Anniversary of Death, hosted by theSociété Lorraine d'Astronomie (SLA), Badonviller, April 21-22, 2017
  • Images from the Days of Hommage for Messier 2017 (by Sonja Frommert)

  • The Messier Marathon community mourns the loss ofDon Machholz (October 7, 1952 - August 9, 2022), co-inventor and record-breaking Messier Marathoner.Don Machholz commemorative site
  • The History of Astronomy Community is mourning the loss ofSuzanne Débarbat (September 4, 1928 - August 6, 2024), French "Grande Dame de l'Astronomie": Suzanne Débarbat Obituary by the Société Astronomique de France (SAF) Obituary (in French)

  • Messier Marathoners:Contribute yourresults! (2025 and earlier)
  • Messier Marathon Holders: Pleasenotify us of any scheduled events for theMessier Marathon 2025!
  • A.J. Crayon's Analysis of Messier Marathons, as of April 27, 2015 -A.J.'s First Analysis as of 2011

  • Supernovae in Messier Catalog Galaxies - Supernova 2023dbc inM108 and Supernova 2023ixf inM101

    Webmasters: Semi-recent updates for linking our pages

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    [BIG MESSIER POSTER]

    Start with M1
    Index of Messier objects with
    image icons or intext mode

    Messier Features -hot stuff


    Look at Nebulae


    Look at Star Clusters


    Look at Galaxies


    [Charles Messier Portrait]During the years from 1758 to 1782Charles Messier, a French astronomer(1730 - 1817), compileda list of approximately 100 diffuse objects that were difficult to distinguish from comets through the telescopes of the day.Discovering comets was the way to make a name for yourself in astronomy in the 18th century -- Messier's first aim was to catalog the objects that were often mistaken for comets.

    Fortunately for us, theMessier Catalog became well known for a much higher purpose, as a collection of the most beautiful objects in the sky includingnebulae,star clusters,andgalaxies. It was one of the first major milestones in thehistory of the discovery of Deep Sky objects, as it was the first more comprehensive and more reliable list:Only four or five objects were initiallymissing because of data reduction errors, which could be figured out later though. Today's versions of the catalog usually include alsolater additions of objects observed byCharles Messier and his collegial friend,Pierre Méchain, but not included in his original list.The study of these objects by astronomers has led, and continues to lead, to important, incredible discoveries such as the life cycles of stars, the reality of galaxies as separate 'island universes,' and the possible age of the universe.

    The purpose of these web pages is to provide a complete guide to the 110objects recognized as the standard Messier catalog. More importantly, we would like togenerate interest in astronomy, the night sky and the universe beyond us, and to encourage a sense of wonder and exploration. We also hope that these pages may be useful as a reference for amateur astronomers.

    For each object, an image is presented together with a short description;click on the image to get a larger-format version.In addition to the images, we have also included some data on these objectssuch as celestial position (right ascension in hours and minutes [h:m], declination in degrees and minutes [deg:m], both for the epoch J2000.0),apparent visual brightness in magnitudes [mag], apparent (angular) diameter inarc minutes [arc min], and approximate distance in thousands of light-years(kilo-light years [kly] please note that the decimal point in the distance doesnot represent true accuracy;see explanation of the terms used here).Also, we haveconstellation images which showMessier andNGC (New General Catalog) objects down to 12th magnitude.

    Technically, we try to keep these pages appealing and usable for users of allHTML browser technologies, with some focus on backward compatibility for oldbrowsers. Therefore, whereever possible, we restrict ourselves to the strict and pure HTML standards and don't plan to add proprietary features of certain browsers, styles, scripting etc. Moreover, we try to keep the pages appealing (or at least readable) under less advanced browsers such as Mosaic or Lynx;please complain if your browser has certain problems !

    We thank all who have expressed interest in these pages, and have sent use-mail with suggestions and corrections. The contributions of others havesignificantly influenced what the pages are now. We hope to further approach the state of a top-of-the line resource with in-depth information including object descriptions, "star-hop" techniques to easily locate the objects with small telescopes, and more.If you'd like to help us to improve our database, please also check ourrequest for information list which contains thosedata which most urgently need to be confirmed, improved, or contributed.

    These pages werecreated, with the help of many volunteers, byGuy McArthur,Mark Elowitz,Hartmut FrommertandChristine Kronberg.Hartmut Frommert[contact]is currently maintaining this service and responsible for the current contents (especially any errors). If you have anything to contribute, or find any errors, pleasecontact me.Any constructive feedback is highly appreciated!

    Awards

    [Awards]

    Other Options

    The Messier pages now havemirrors andtranslations to other languages (notably aGerman, anItalian,and aFrenchversion); for fastest access, please look for your nearest mirror.Note: Parts of this is still in the making !

    Links

    While Messier's catalog was the first major reliable collection of deep-sky showpieces, and without doubt the most famous and important, others have followed since, includingsimilar collections suitable e.g. for the amateur.

    Learn How these pages were created.

    The materials in these pages (especially the images) may be freely used for private purpose only; please readour usage regulations page if you intend any other kind of (especially for-profit) usage.

    The SEDS icon in these pages always leads to theSEDS homepage, the MAA icon to theMAA homepage, andthe icon with Charles Messier's image to this Messier homepage.In addition to this, and the other icons shown above,icons occur in these pages for the following options(in doubt, please check this [hopefully]complete icon reference):


    IndexesorIcon sheet, Quick Browser,DSSM image browser

    Note:Because of massive amounts of work pending, responses to any kind of correspondence may be significantly delayed (nevertheless, your input isappreciated). Also, updates of these webpages are still in slow mode with a long queue of stuff still to be worked in; sorry for any inconveniences this may cause.
    Last Modification: February 23, 2025
    Former Definitive Version: February 25, 2008
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