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Degree Sequence


Given anundirected graph, a degree sequence is a monotonic nonincreasing sequence of thevertex degrees (valencies) of itsgraph vertices. The number of degree sequences for a graph of a given order is closely related tographical partitions. The sum of the elements of a degree sequence of a graph is always even due to fact that each edge connects two vertices and is thus counted twice (Skiena 1990, p. 157).

Theminimum vertex degree in agraphG is denoteddelta(G), and themaximum vertex degree is denotedDelta(G) (Skiena 1990, p. 157). Agraph whose degree sequence contains only multiple copies of a single integer is called aregular graph. A graph corresponding to a given degree sequenced can be constructed in theWolfram Language usingRandomGraph[DegreeGraphDistribution[d]].

GraphicalPartitions22211

It is possible for two topologically distinct graphs to have the same degree sequence. Moreover, two distinct convex polyhedra can even have the same degree sequence for their skeletons, as exemplified by thetriangular cupola andtridiminished icosahedronJohnson solids, both of which have 8 faces, 9 vertices, 15 edges, and degree sequence (3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4).

A graph having a unique degree sequence may be said to beunigraphicor called a "unigraph" (Tyshkevich 2000, Barruset al.2023).

The number of distinct degree sequences for graphs ofn=1, 2, ... nodes are given by 1, 2, 4, 11, 31, 102, 342, 1213, 4361, ... (OEISA004251), compared with the total number of nonisomorphic simple undirected graphs withngraph vertices of 1, 2, 4, 11, 34, 156, 1044, ... (OEISA000088). The first order having fewer degree sequences than number of nonisomorphic graphs is thereforen=5. For the graphs illustrated above, the degree sequences are given in the following table.

1{0}
2{0,0},{1,1}
3{0,0,0},{1,1,0},{2,1,1},{2,2,2}
4{0,0,0,0},{1,1,0,0},{2,1,1,0},{2,2,2,0},
{3,2,2,1},{3,3,2,2},{3,3,3,3},{1,1,1,1},
{2,2,1,1},{2,2,2,2},{3,1,1,1}

The possible sums of elements for a degree sequence of ordern are 0, 2, 4, 6, ...,n(n-1).

A degree sequence is said to bek-connected if there exists somek-connected graph corresponding to the degree sequence. For example, while the degree sequence{1,2,1} is 1- but not 2-connected,{2,2,2} is 2-connected.


See also

Degree Set,Graphic Sequence,Graphical Partition,k-Connected Graph,Regular Graph,Unigraphic Graph,Unswitchable Graph,Vertex Degree

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References

Barrus, M. D.; Trenk, A. N.; and Whitman, R. "The Hereditary Closure of the Unigraphs." 23 Aug 2023.https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.12190Ruskey, F. "Information on Degree Sequences."http://www.theory.csc.uvic.ca/~cos/inf/nump/DegreeSequences.html.Ruskey, F.; Cohen, R.; Eades, P.; and Scott, A. "Alley CATs in Search of Good Homes."Congres. Numer.102, 97-110, 1994.Skiena, S. "Realizing Degree Sequences." §4.4.2 inImplementing Discrete Mathematics: Combinatorics and Graph Theory with Mathematica. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, pp. 157-160, 1990.Sloane, N. J. A. SequenceA004251/M1250 in "The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences."Tyshkevich, R. "Decomposition of Graphical Sequences and Unigraphs."Disc. Math.220, 201-238, 2000.

Referenced on Wolfram|Alpha

Degree Sequence

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Degree Sequence."FromMathWorld--A Wolfram Resource.https://mathworld.wolfram.com/DegreeSequence.html

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Created, developed and nurtured by Eric Weisstein at Wolfram Research

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