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STRTOUL(3)                 Linux Programmer's ManualSTRTOUL(3)NAME       strtoul, strtoull, strtouq - convert a string to an unsigned long inte-       gerSYNOPSIS       #include <stdlib.h>       unsigned long int strtoul(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);       unsigned long long int strtoull(const char *nptr, char **endptr,                                       int base);   Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (seefeature_test_macros(7)):       strtoull():           _ISOC99_SOURCE ||               || /* Glibc versions <= 2.19: */ _SVID_SOURCE || _BSD_SOURCEDESCRIPTION       The strtoul() function converts the initial part of the string in  nptr       to  an  unsigned long int value according to the given base, which must       be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0.       The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as deter-       mined byisspace(3)) followed by a single optional '+' or '-' sign.  If       base is zero or 16, the string may then include a "0x" prefix, and  the       number  will  be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero base is taken as 10       (decimal) unless the next character is '0', in which case it  is  taken       as 8 (octal).       The  remainder of the string is converted to an unsigned long int value       in the obvious manner, stopping at the first character which is  not  a       valid  digit  in the given base.  (In bases above 10, the letter 'A' in       either uppercase or lowercase represents 10, 'B' represents 11, and  so       forth, with 'Z' representing 35.)       If  endptr  is  not NULL, strtoul() stores the address of the first in-       valid character in *endptr.  If there were no digits at all,  strtoul()       stores  the original value of nptr in *endptr (and returns 0).  In par-       ticular, if *nptr is not '\0' but **endptr is '\0' on return,  the  en-       tire string is valid.       The  strtoull() function works just like the strtoul() function but re-       turns an unsigned long long int value.RETURN VALUE       The strtoul() function returns either the result of the conversion  or,       if  there  was  a leading minus sign, the negation of the result of the       conversion represented as an unsigned value, unless the original  (non-       negated)  value  would  overflow; in the latter case, strtoul() returns       ULONG_MAX and sets errno to ERANGE.  Precisely the same holds for  str-       toull() (with ULLONG_MAX instead of ULONG_MAX).ERRORS       EINVAL (not in C99) The given base contains an unsupported value.       ERANGE The resulting value was out of range.       The  implementation  may also set errno to EINVAL in case no conversion       was performed (no digits seen, and 0 returned).ATTRIBUTES       For an  explanation  of  the  terms  used  in  this  section,  see  at-tributes(7).       +---------------------------------+---------------+----------------+       |Interface                        | Attribute     | Value          |       +---------------------------------+---------------+----------------+       |strtoul(), strtoull(), strtouq() | Thread safety | MT-Safe locale |       +---------------------------------+---------------+----------------+CONFORMING TO       strtoul(): POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C89, C99 SVr4.       strtoull(): POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C99.NOTES       Since  strtoul() can legitimately return 0 or ULONG_MAX (ULLONG_MAX for       strtoull()) on both success and failure, the calling program should set       errno  to 0 before the call, and then determine if an error occurred by       checking whether errno has a nonzero value after the call.       In locales other than the "C" locale, other strings  may  be  accepted.       (For example, the thousands separator of the current locale may be sup-       ported.)       BSD also has           u_quad_t strtouq(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);       with completely analogous definition.  Depending on the wordsize of the       current  architecture,  this may be equivalent to strtoull() or to str-       toul().       Negative values are considered valid input and are  silently  converted       to the equivalent unsigned long int value.EXAMPLE       See  the example on thestrtol(3) manual page; the use of the functions       described in this manual page is similar.SEE ALSOa64l(3),atof(3),atoi(3),atol(3),strtod(3),strtol(3),strtoumax(3)COLOPHON       This page is part of release 5.05 of the Linux  man-pages  project.   A       description  of  the project, information about reporting bugs, and the       latest    version    of    this    page,    can     be     found     at       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.GNU                               2019-03-06STRTOUL(3)