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LS(1)                            User CommandsLS(1)NAME       ls - list directory contentsSYNOPSIS       ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...DESCRIPTION       List  information  about  the FILEs (the current directory by default).       Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort  is  speci-       fied.       Mandatory  arguments  to  long  options are mandatory for short options       too.       -a, --all              do not ignore entries starting with .       -A, --almost-all              do not list implied . and ..       --author              with -l, print the author of each file       -b, --escape              print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters       --block-size=SIZE              with  -l,  scale  sizes  by  SIZE  when  printing  them;   e.g.,              '--block-size=M'; see SIZE format below       -B, --ignore-backups              do not list implied entries ending with ~       -c     with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of              file status information); with -l: show ctime and sort by  name;              otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first       -C     list entries by columns       --color[=WHEN]              colorize  the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default if omitted),              'auto', or 'never'; more info below       -d, --directory              list directories themselves, not their contents       -D, --dired              generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode       -f     do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color       -F, --classify              append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries       --file-type              likewise, except do not append '*'       --format=WORD              across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column  -1,              verbose -l, vertical -C       --full-time              like -l --time-style=full-iso       -g     like -l, but do not list owner       --group-directories-first              group directories before files;              can   be  augmented  with  a  --sort  option,  but  any  use  of              --sort=none (-U) disables grouping       -G, --no-group              in a long listing, don't print group names       -h, --human-readable              with -l and -s, print sizes like 1K 234M 2G etc.       --si   likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024       -H, --dereference-command-line              follow symbolic links listed on the command line       --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir              follow each command line symbolic link              that points to a directory       --hide=PATTERN              do not list implied entries matching shell  PATTERN  (overridden              by -a or -A)       --hyperlink[=WHEN]              hyperlink file names; WHEN can be 'always' (default if omitted),              'auto', or 'never'       --indicator-style=WORD              append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default),              slash (-p), file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)       -i, --inode              print the index number of each file       -I, --ignore=PATTERN              do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN       -k, --kibibytes              default  to  1024-byte  blocks for disk usage; used only with -s              and per directory totals       -l     use a long listing format       -L, --dereference              when showing file information for a symbolic link, show informa-              tion  for  the file the link references rather than for the link              itself       -m     fill width with a comma separated list of entries       -n, --numeric-uid-gid              like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs       -N, --literal              print entry names without quoting       -o     like -l, but do not list group information       -p, --indicator-style=slash              append / indicator to directories       -q, --hide-control-chars              print ? instead of nongraphic characters       --show-control-chars              show nongraphic characters as-is (the default, unless program is              'ls' and output is a terminal)       -Q, --quote-name              enclose entry names in double quotes       --quoting-style=WORD              use  quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell,              shell-always,  shell-escape,  shell-escape-always,   c,   escape              (overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable)       -r, --reverse              reverse order while sorting       -R, --recursive              list subdirectories recursively       -s, --size              print the allocated size of each file, in blocks       -S     sort by file size, largest first       --sort=WORD              sort  by  WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S), time (-t),              version (-v), extension (-X)       --time=WORD              with -l, show time as WORD instead of default modification time:              atime  or  access  or  use  (-u); ctime or status (-c); also use              specified time as sort key if --sort=time (newest first)       --time-style=TIME_STYLE              time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below       -t     sort by modification time, newest first       -T, --tabsize=COLS              assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8       -u     with -lt: sort by, and show, access time; with -l:  show  access              time  and  sort  by name; otherwise: sort by access time, newest              first       -U     do not sort; list entries in directory order       -v     natural sort of (version) numbers within text       -w, --width=COLS              set output width to COLS.  0 means no limit       -x     list entries by lines instead of by columns       -X     sort alphabetically by entry extension       -Z, --context              print any security context of each file       -1     list one file per line.  Avoid '\n' with -q or -b       --help display this help and exit       --version              output version information and exit       The SIZE argument is an integer and  optional  unit  (example:  10K  is       10*1024).   Units  are  K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y  (powers  of 1024) or KB,MB,...       (powers of 1000).       The TIME_STYLE argument can be  full-iso,  long-iso,  iso,  locale,  or       +FORMAT.   FORMAT  is  interpreted  like indate(1).  If FORMAT is FOR-       MAT1<newline>FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FOR-       MAT2  to  recent files.  TIME_STYLE prefixed with 'posix-' takes effect       only outside the POSIX locale.  Also the TIME_STYLE  environment  vari-       able sets the default style to use.       Using  color  to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and       with --color=never.  With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only  when       standard  output is connected to a terminal.  The LS_COLORS environment       variable can change the settings.  Use the dircolors command to set it.   Exit status:       0      if OK,       1      if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),       2      if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).AUTHOR       Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.REPORTING BUGS       GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>       Report ls translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>COPYRIGHT       Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+:  GNU       GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.       This  is  free  software:  you  are free to change and redistribute it.       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.SEE ALSO       Full documentation at: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/ls>       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) ls invocation'GNU coreutils 8.30              September 2019LS(1)