Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges(C++20) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Constrained algorithms, e.g.ranges::copy,ranges::sort, ... | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Execution policies(C++17) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Numeric operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Operations on uninitialized memory | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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std::ranges
Non-modifying sequence operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Modifying sequence operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sorting operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Set operations (on sorted ranges) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Heap operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Minimum/maximum operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Permutation operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fold operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Operations on uninitialized storage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Return types | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Defined in header <algorithm> | ||
Call signature | ||
template<std::random_access_iterator I,std::sentinel_for<I> S, class Comp=ranges::less,class Proj=std::identity> | (1) | (since C++20) |
template<ranges::random_access_range R,class Comp=ranges::less, class Proj=std::identity> | (2) | (since C++20) |
Sorts the elements in the range[
first,
last)
in non-descending order. The order of equivalent elements is not guaranteed to be preserved.
A sequence is sorted with respect to a comparatorcomp if for any iteratorit
pointing to the sequence and any non-negative integern
such thatit + n
is a valid iterator pointing to an element of the sequence,std::invoke(comp,std::invoke(proj,*(it+ n)),std::invoke(proj,*it)) evaluates tofalse.
The function-like entities described on this page arealgorithm function objects (informally known asniebloids), that is:
Contents |
first, last | - | the iterator-sentinel pair defining therange of elements to sort |
r | - | the range to sort |
comp | - | comparison to apply to the projected elements |
proj | - | projection to apply to the elements |
An iterator equal tolast.
\(\scriptsize \mathcal{O}(N\cdot\log{(N)})\)𝓞(N·log(N)) comparisons and projections, whereN=ranges::distance(first, last).
Note that typical implementations useIntrosort. See also the implementation inMSVC STL andlibstdc++.
struct sort_fn{template<std::random_access_iterator I,std::sentinel_for<I> S,class Comp=ranges::less,class Proj=std::identity> requiresstd::sortable<I, Comp, Proj>constexpr I operator()(I first, S last, Comp comp={}, Proj proj={})const{if(first== last)return first; I last_iter=ranges::next(first, last);ranges::make_heap(first, last_iter,std::ref(comp),std::ref(proj));ranges::sort_heap(first, last_iter,std::ref(comp),std::ref(proj)); return last_iter;} template<ranges::random_access_range R,class Comp=ranges::less,class Proj=std::identity> requiresstd::sortable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>constexprranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R> operator()(R&& r, Comp comp={}, Proj proj={})const{return(*this)(ranges::begin(r),ranges::end(r), std::move(comp), std::move(proj));}}; inlineconstexpr sort_fn sort{}; |
std::sort usesstd::iter_swap to swap elements, whereasranges::sort
instead usesranges::iter_swap (which performs ADL foriter_swap
, unlikestd::iter_swap)
#include <algorithm>#include <array>#include <functional>#include <iomanip>#include <iostream> void print(auto comment,autoconst& seq,char term=' '){for(std::cout<< comment<<'\n';autoconst& elem: seq)std::cout<< elem<< term;std::cout<<'\n';} struct Particle{std::string name;double mass;// MeVtemplate<class Os>friend Os& operator<<(Os& os, Particleconst& p){return os<<std::left<<std::setw(8)<< p.name<<" : "<< p.mass<<' ';}}; int main(){std::array s{5,7,4,2,8,6,1,9,0,3}; namespace ranges= std::ranges; ranges::sort(s); print("Sort using the default operator<", s); ranges::sort(s,ranges::greater()); print("Sort using a standard library compare function object", s); struct{bool operator()(int a,int b)const{return a< b;}} customLess;ranges::sort(s.begin(), s.end(), customLess); print("Sort using a custom function object", s); ranges::sort(s,[](int a,int b){return a> b;}); print("Sort using a lambda expression", s); Particle particles[]{{"Electron",0.511},{"Muon",105.66},{"Tau",1776.86},{"Positron",0.511},{"Proton",938.27},{"Neutron",939.57}};ranges::sort(particles,{},&Particle::name); print("\nSort by name using a projection", particles,'\n');ranges::sort(particles,{},&Particle::mass); print("Sort by mass using a projection", particles,'\n');}
Output:
Sort using the default operator<0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Sort using a standard library compare function object9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0Sort using a custom function object0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Sort using a lambda expression9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Sort by name using a projectionElectron : 0.511Muon : 105.66Neutron : 939.57Positron : 0.511Proton : 938.27Tau : 1776.86 Sort by mass using a projectionElectron : 0.511Positron : 0.511Muon : 105.66Proton : 938.27Neutron : 939.57Tau : 1776.86
(C++20) | sorts the first N elements of a range (algorithm function object)[edit] |
(C++20) | sorts a range of elements while preserving order between equal elements (algorithm function object)[edit] |
(C++20) | divides a range of elements into two groups (algorithm function object)[edit] |
sorts a range into ascending order (function template)[edit] |