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      std::ranges::next_permutation,std::ranges::next_permutation_result

      From cppreference.com
      <cpp‎ |algorithm‎ |ranges
       
       
      Algorithm library
      Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges(C++20)
      Constrained algorithms, e.g.ranges::copy,ranges::sort, ...
      Execution policies(C++17)
      Sorting and related operations
      Partitioning operations
      Sorting operations
      Binary search operations
      (on partitioned ranges)
      Set operations (on sorted ranges)
      Merge operations (on sorted ranges)
      Heap operations
      Minimum/maximum operations
      (C++11)
      (C++17)
      Lexicographical comparison operations
      Permutation operations
      C library
      Numeric operations
      Operations on uninitialized memory
       
      Constrained algorithms
      All names in this menu belong to namespacestd::ranges
      Non-modifying sequence operations
      Modifying sequence operations
      Partitioning operations
      Sorting operations
      Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
             
             
      Set operations (on sorted ranges)
      Heap operations
      Minimum/maximum operations
      Permutation operations
      next_permutation
        
      Fold operations
      Operations on uninitialized storage
      Return types
       
      Defined in header<algorithm>
      Call signature
      template<std::bidirectional_iterator I,std::sentinel_for<I> S,

               class Comp=ranges::less,class Proj=std::identity>
      requiresstd::sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr next_permutation_result<I>

          next_permutation( I first, S last, Comp comp={}, Proj proj={});
      (1)(since C++20)
      template<ranges::bidirectional_range R,class Comp=ranges::less,

               class Proj=std::identity>
      requiresstd::sortable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr next_permutation_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>>

          next_permutation( R&& r, Comp comp={}, Proj proj={});
      (2)(since C++20)
      Helper type
      template<class I>
      using next_permutation_result=ranges::in_found_result<I>;
      (3)(since C++20)
      1) Transforms the range[firstlast) into the nextpermutation, where the set of all permutations is orderedlexicographically with respect to binary comparison function objectcomp and projection function objectproj. Returns{last,true} if such a"next permutation" exists; otherwise transforms the range into the lexicographically first permutation as if byranges::sort(first, last, comp, proj), and returns{last,false}.
      2) Same as(1), but usesr as the source range, as if usingranges::begin(r) asfirst, andranges::end(r) aslast.

      The function-like entities described on this page arealgorithm function objects (informally known asniebloids), that is:

      Contents

      [edit]Parameters

      first, last - the iterator-sentinel pair defining therange of elements topermute
      r - therange of elements topermute
      comp - comparisonFunctionObject which returnstrue if the first argument isless than the second
      proj - projection to apply to the elements

      [edit]Return value

      1)ranges::next_permutation_result<I>{last,true} if the new permutation is lexicographicallygreater than the old one.ranges::next_permutation_result<I>{last,false} if the last permutation was reached and the range was reset to the first permutation.
      2) Same as(1) except that the return type isranges::next_permutation_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>>.

      [edit]Exceptions

      Any exceptions thrown from iterator operations or the element swap.

      [edit]Complexity

      At most\(\scriptsize N/2\)N / 2 swaps, where\(\scriptsize N\)N isranges::distance(first, last) in case(1) orranges::distance(r) in case(2). Averaged over the entire sequence of permutations, typical implementations use about 3 comparisons and 1.5 swaps per call.

      [edit]Notes

      Implementations (e.g.MSVC STL) may enable vectorization when the iterator type modelscontiguous_iterator and swapping its value type calls neither non-trivial special member function norADL-foundswap.

      [edit]Possible implementation

      struct next_permutation_fn{template<std::bidirectional_iterator I,std::sentinel_for<I> S,class Comp=ranges::less,class Proj=std::identity>    requiresstd::sortable<I, Comp, Proj>constexpr ranges::next_permutation_result<I>        operator()(I first, S last, Comp comp={}, Proj proj={})const{// check that the sequence has at least two elementsif(first== last)return{std::move(first),false};        I i_last{ranges::next(first, last)};        I i{i_last};if(first==--i)return{std::move(i_last),false};// main "permutating" loopfor(;;){            I i1{i};if(std::invoke(comp,std::invoke(proj,*--i),std::invoke(proj,*i1))){                I j{i_last};while(!std::invoke(comp,std::invoke(proj,*i),std::invoke(proj,*--j))){}std::iter_swap(i, j);std::reverse(i1, i_last);return{std::move(i_last),true};}// permutation "space" is exhaustedif(i== first){std::reverse(first, i_last);return{std::move(i_last),false};}}} template<ranges::bidirectional_range R,class Comp=ranges::less,class Proj=std::identity>    requiresstd::sortable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>constexpr ranges::next_permutation_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>>        operator()(R&& r, Comp comp={}, Proj proj={})const{return(*this)(ranges::begin(r),ranges::end(r),                       std::move(comp), std::move(proj));}}; inlineconstexpr next_permutation_fn next_permutation{};

      [edit]Example

      Run this code
      #include <algorithm>#include <array>#include <compare>#include <functional>#include <iostream>#include <string> struct S{char c;int i;auto operator<=>(const S&)const=default;friendstd::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,const S& s){return os<<"{'"<< s.c<<"', "<< s.i<<"}";}}; auto print=[](autoconst& v,char term=' '){std::cout<<"{ ";for(constauto& e: v)std::cout<< e<<' ';std::cout<<'}'<< term;}; int main(){std::cout<<"Generate all permutations (iterators case):\n";std::string s{"abc"};do{        print(s);}while(std::ranges::next_permutation(s.begin(), s.end()).found); std::cout<<"\n""Generate all permutations (range case):\n";std::array a{'a','b','c'};do{        print(a);}while(std::ranges::next_permutation(a).found); std::cout<<"\n""Generate all permutations using comparator:\n";usingnamespace std::literals;std::array z{"█"s,"▄"s,"▁"s};do{        print(z);}while(std::ranges::next_permutation(z,std::greater()).found); std::cout<<"\n""Generate all permutations using projection:\n";std::array<S,3> r{S{'A',3}, S{'B',2}, S{'C',1}};do{        print(r,'\n');}while(std::ranges::next_permutation(r,{},&S::c).found);}

      Output:

      Generate all permutations (iterators case):{ a b c } { a c b } { b a c } { b c a } { c a b } { c b a }Generate all permutations (range case):{ a b c } { a c b } { b a c } { b c a } { c a b } { c b a }Generate all permutations using comparator:{ █ ▄ ▁ } { █ ▁ ▄ } { ▄ █ ▁ } { ▄ ▁ █ } { ▁ █ ▄ } { ▁ ▄ █ }Generate all permutations using projection:{ {'A', 3} {'B', 2} {'C', 1} }{ {'A', 3} {'C', 1} {'B', 2} }{ {'B', 2} {'A', 3} {'C', 1} }{ {'B', 2} {'C', 1} {'A', 3} }{ {'C', 1} {'A', 3} {'B', 2} }{ {'C', 1} {'B', 2} {'A', 3} }

      [edit]See also

      generates the next smaller lexicographic permutation of a range of elements
      (algorithm function object)[edit]
      determines if a sequence is a permutation of another sequence
      (algorithm function object)[edit]
      generates the next greater lexicographic permutation of a range of elements
      (function template)[edit]
      generates the next smaller lexicographic permutation of a range of elements
      (function template)[edit]
      determines if a sequence is a permutation of another sequence
      (function template)[edit]
      Retrieved from "https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/algorithm/ranges/next_permutation&oldid=180698"

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