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forked frompmndrs/valtio

💊 Valtio makes proxy-state simple for React and Vanilla

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npm i valtio makes proxy-state simple

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Wrap your state object

Valtio turns the object you pass it into a self-aware proxy.

import{proxy,useSnapshot}from'valtio'conststate=proxy({count:0,text:'hello'})

Mutate from anywhere

You can make changes to it in the same way you would to a normal js-object.

setInterval(()=>{++state.count},1000)

React via useSnapshot

Create a local snapshot that catches changes. Rule of thumb: read from snapshots in render function, otherwise use the source. The component will only re-render when the parts of the state you access have changed, it is render-optimized.

// This will re-render on `state.count` change but not on `state.text` changefunctionCounter(){constsnap=useSnapshot(state)return(<div>{snap.count}<buttononClick={()=>++state.count}>+1</button></div>)}
Note for TypeScript users: Return type of useSnapshot can be too strict.

Thesnap variable returned byuseSnapshot is a (deeply) read-only object.Its type hasreadonly attribute, which may be too strict for some use cases.

To mitigate typing difficulties, you might want to loosen the type definition:

declare module'valtio'{functionuseSnapshot<Textendsobject>(p:T):T}

See#327 for more information.

Note: useSnapshot returns a new proxy for render optimization.

Internally,useSnapshot callssnapshot in valtio/vanilla,and wraps the snapshot object with another proxy to detect property access.This feature is based onproxy-compare.

Two kinds of proxies are used for different purposes:

  • proxy() fromvaltio/vanilla is for mutation tracking or write tracking.
  • createProxy() fromproxy-compare is for usage tracking or read tracking.
Use ofthis is for expert users.

Valtio tries best to handlethis behaviorbut it's hard to understand without familiarity.

conststate=proxy({count:0,inc(){++this.count},})state.inc()// `this` points to `state` and it works fineconstsnap=useSnapshot(state)snap.inc()// `this` points to `snap` and it doesn't work because snapshot is frozen

To avoid this pitfall, the recommended pattern is not to usethis and prefer arrow function.

conststate=proxy({count:0,inc:()=>{++state.count},})

If you are new to this, it's highly recommended to useeslint-plugin-valtio.

Subscribe from anywhere

You can access state outside of your components and subscribe to changes.

import{subscribe}from'valtio'// Subscribe to all state changesconstunsubscribe=subscribe(state,()=>console.log('state has changed to',state),)// Unsubscribe by calling the resultunsubscribe()

You can also subscribe to a portion of state.

conststate=proxy({obj:{foo:'bar'},arr:['hello']})subscribe(state.obj,()=>console.log('state.obj has changed to',state.obj))state.obj.foo='baz'subscribe(state.arr,()=>console.log('state.arr has changed to',state.arr))state.arr.push('world')

To subscribe to a primitive value of state, considersubscribeKey in utils.

import{subscribeKey}from'valtio/utils'conststate=proxy({count:0,text:'hello'})subscribeKey(state,'count',(v)=>console.log('state.count has changed to',v),)

There is another utilwatch which might be convenient in some cases.

import{watch}from'valtio/utils'conststate=proxy({count:0})conststop=watch((get)=>{console.log('state has changed to',get(state))// auto-subscribe on use})

Suspend your components

Valtio supports React-suspense and will throw promises that you access within a components render function. This eliminates all the async back-and-forth, you can access your data directly while the parent is responsible for fallback state and error handling.

conststate=proxy({post:fetch(url).then((res)=>res.json())})functionPost(){constsnap=useSnapshot(state)return<div>{snap.post.title}</div>}functionApp(){return(<Suspensefallback={<span>waiting...</span>}><Post/></Suspense>)}

Holding objects in state without tracking them

This may be useful if you have large, nested objects with accessors that you don't want to proxy.ref allows you to keep these objects inside the state model.

See#61 and#178 for more information.

import{proxy,ref}from'valtio'conststate=proxy({count:0,dom:ref(document.body),})

Update transiently (for often occurring state-changes)

You can read state in a component without causing re-render.

functionFoo(){const{ count, text}=state// ...

Or, you can have more control with subscribing in useEffect.

functionFoo(){consttotal=useRef(0)useEffect(()=>subscribe(state.arr,()=>{total.current=state.arr.reduce((p,c)=>p+c)}),[])// ...

Update synchronously

By default, state mutations are batched before triggering re-render.Sometimes, we want to disable the batching.The known use case of this is<input>#270.

functionTextBox(){constsnap=useSnapshot(state,{sync:true})return(<inputvalue={snap.text}onChange={(e)=>(state.text=e.target.value)}/>)}

Dev tools

You can useRedux DevTools Extension for plain objects and arrays.

import{devtools}from'valtio/utils'conststate=proxy({count:0,text:'hello'})constunsub=devtools(state,{name:'state name',enabled:true})
Manipulating state with Redux DevToolsThe screenshot below shows how to use Redux DevTools to manipulate state. First select the object from the instances drop down. Then type in a JSON object to dispatch. Then click "Dispatch". Notice how it changes the state.
image

Use it vanilla

Valtio is not tied to React, you can use it in vanilla-js.

import{proxy,subscribe,snapshot}from'valtio/vanilla'// import { ... } from 'valtio/vanilla/utils'conststate=proxy({count:0,text:'hello'})subscribe(state,()=>{console.log('state is mutated')constobj=snapshot(state)// A snapshot is an immutable object})

useProxy util

While the separation of proxy state and its snapshot is important,it's confusing for beginners.We have a convenient util to improve developer experience. useProxy returns shallow proxy state and its snapshot, meaning you can only mutate on root level.

import{useProxy}from'valtio/utils'conststate=proxy({count:1})constComponent=()=>{// useProxy returns a special proxy that can be used both in render and callbacks// The special proxy has to be used directly in a function scope. You can't destructure it outside the scope.const$state=useProxy(state)return(<div>{$state.count}<buttononClick={()=>++$state.count}>+1</button></div>)}

Computed properties

You can define computed properties with object getters.

conststate=proxy({count:1,getdoubled(){returnthis.count*2},})

Consider it as an advanced usage, because the behavior ofthis is sometimes confusing.

For more information, check outthis guide.

proxyWithHistory util

This is a utility function to create a proxy with snapshot history.

import{proxyWithHistory}from'valtio-history'conststate=proxyWithHistory({count:0})console.log(state.value)// ---> { count: 0 }state.value.count+=1console.log(state.value)// ---> { count: 1 }state.undo()console.log(state.value)// ---> { count: 0 }state.redo()console.log(state.value)// ---> { count: 1 }

proxySet util

This is to create a proxy which mimic the native Set behavior. The API is the same as Set API

import{proxySet}from'valtio/utils'conststate=proxySet([1,2,3])//can be used inside a proxy as well//const state = proxy({//    count: 1,//    set: proxySet()//})state.add(4)state.delete(1)state.forEach((v)=>console.log(v))// 2,3,4

proxyMap util

This is to create a proxy which emulate the native Map behavior. The API is the same as Map API

import{proxyMap}from'valtio/utils'conststate=proxyMap([['key','value'],['key2','value2'],])state.set('key','value')state.delete('key')state.get('key')// ---> valuestate.forEach((value,key)=>console.log(key,value))// ---> "key", "value", "key2", "value2"

Compatibility

Valtio works with React with hooks support (>=16.8).It only depends onreact and works with anyrenderers such asreact-dom,react-native,react-three-fiber, and so on.

Valtio works on Node.js, Next.js and other frameworks.

Valtio also works without React. Seevanilla.

Plugins

Recipes

Valtio is unopinionated about best practices.The community is working on recipes on wiki pages.

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