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Commitfb1982b

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Deploy preview for PR 1160 🛫
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‎pr-preview/pr-1160/_sources/c-api/descriptor.rst.txt‎

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..c:function:: PyObject*PyWrapper_New(PyObject *, PyObject *)
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Built-in descriptors
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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..c:var:: PyTypeObject PySuper_Type
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The type object for super objects. This is the same object as
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:class:`super` in the Python layer.
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..c:var:: PyTypeObject PyClassMethod_Type
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The type of class method objects. This is the same object as
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:class:`classmethod` in the Python layer.
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..c:function:: PyObject *PyClassMethod_New(PyObject *callable)
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Create a new:class:`classmethod` object wrapping *callable*.
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*callable* must be a callable object and must not be ``NULL``.
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On success, this function returns a:term:`strong reference` to a new class
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method descriptor. On failure, this function returns ``NULL`` with an
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exception set.
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..c:var:: PyTypeObject PyStaticMethod_Type
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The type of static method objects. This is the same object as
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:class:`staticmethod` in the Python layer.
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..c:function:: PyObject *PyStaticMethod_New(PyObject *callable)
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Create a new:class:`staticmethod` object wrapping *callable*.
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*callable* must be a callable object and must not be ``NULL``.
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On success, this function returns a:term:`strong reference` to a new static
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method descriptor. On failure, this function returns ``NULL`` with an
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exception set.
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‎pr-preview/pr-1160/_sources/c-api/function.rst.txt‎

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@@ -102,6 +102,15 @@ There are a few functions specific to Python functions.
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dictionary of arguments or ``NULL``.
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..c:function::intPyFunction_SetKwDefaults(PyObject *op, PyObject *defaults)
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Set the keyword-only argument default values of the function object *op*.
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*defaults* must be a dictionary of keyword-only arguments or ``Py_None``.
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This function returns ``0`` on success, and returns ``-1`` with an exception
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set on failure.
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..c:function:: PyObject*PyFunction_GetClosure(PyObject *op)
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Return the closure associated with the function object *op*. This can be ``NULL``

‎pr-preview/pr-1160/_sources/library/dis.rst.txt‎

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* ``0x02`` a dictionary of keyword-only parameters' default values
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* ``0x04`` a tuple of strings containing parameters' annotations
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* ``0x08`` a tuple containing cells for free variables, making a closure
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* ``0x10`` the:term:`annotate function` for the function object
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..versionadded::3.13
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..versionchanged::3.14
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Added ``0x10`` to indicate the annotate function for the function object.
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..opcode::BUILD_SLICE (argc)
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‎pr-preview/pr-1160/_sources/library/unittest.mock-examples.rst.txt‎

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Partial mocking
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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In some tests I wanted to mock out a call to:meth:`datetime.date.today`
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to return a known date, butI didn't want to prevent the code under test from
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creating new date objects. Unfortunately:class:`datetime.date` is written in C, and
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soI couldn't just monkey-patch out the static:meth:`datetime.date.today` method.
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For some tests, you may want to mock out a call to:meth:`datetime.date.today`
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to return a known date, butdon't want to prevent the code under test from
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creating new date objects. Unfortunately:class:`datetime.date` is written in C,
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soyou cannot just monkey-patch out the static:meth:`datetime.date.today` method.
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I found a simple way of doing this that involvedeffectivelywrapping the date
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class with a mock,but passing through calls to the constructor to the real
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Instead, you caneffectivelywrap the date
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class with a mock,while passing through calls to the constructor to the real
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class (and returning real instances).
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The:func:`patch decorator <patch>` is used here to
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Mocking Unbound Methods
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Whilst writing tests today I needed to patch an *unbound method* (patching the
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method on the class rather than on the instance). I needed self to be passed
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in as the first argument because I want to make asserts about which objects
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were calling this particular method. The issue is that you can't patch with a
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mock for this, because if you replace an unbound method with a mock it doesn't
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become a bound method when fetched from the instance, and so it doesn't get
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self passed in. The workaround is to patch the unbound method with a real
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function instead. The:func:`patch` decorator makes it so simple to
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patch out methods with a mock that having to create a real function becomes a
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nuisance.
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Sometimes a test needs to patch an *unbound method*, which means patching the
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method on the class rather than on the instance. In order to make assertions
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about which objects were calling this particular method, you need to pass
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``self`` as the first argument. The issue is that you can't patch with a mock for
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this, because if you replace an unbound method with a mock it doesn't become
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a bound method when fetched from the instance, and so it doesn't get ``self``
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passed in. The workaround is to patch the unbound method with a real function
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instead. The:func:`patch` decorator makes it so simple to patch out methods
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with a mock that having to create a real function becomes a nuisance.
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If you pass ``autospec=True`` to patch then it does the patching with a
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*real* function object. This function object has the same signature as the one
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it is replacing, but delegates to a mock under the hood. You still get your
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mock auto-created in exactly the same way as before. What it means though, is
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that if you use it to patch out an unbound method on a class the mocked
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function will be turned into a bound method if it is fetched from an instance.
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It will have ``self`` passed in as the first argument, which is exactly what I
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wanted:
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It will have ``self`` passed in as the first argument, which is exactly what
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was needed:
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>>>classFoo:
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...deffoo(self):

‎pr-preview/pr-1160/about.html‎

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<ahref="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">敬請捐贈。</a>
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<br>
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<br>
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最後更新於 11月09, 2025 (17:30 UTC)。
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最後更新於 11月10, 2025 (00:21 UTC)。
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<ahref="/bugs.html">發現 bug</a>？
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‎pr-preview/pr-1160/bugs.html‎

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</section>
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<sectionid="getting-started-contributing-to-python-yourself">
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<spanid="contributing-to-python"></span><h2>開始讓自己貢獻 Python<aclass="headerlink"href="#getting-started-contributing-to-python-yourself"title="連結到這個標頭"></a></h2>
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<p>除了只是回報你所發現的錯誤之外，同樣也歡迎你提交修正它們的修補程式 (patch)。你可以在<aclass="reference external"href="https://mail.python.org/mailman3/lists/core-mentorship.python.org/">Python 開發者指南</a>中找到如何開始修補 Python 的更多資訊。如果你有任何問題，<aclass="reference external"href="https://devguide.python.org/">核心導師郵寄清單</a>是一個友善的地方，你可以在那裡得到，關於 Python 修正錯誤的過程中，所有問題的答案。</p>
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<p>除了只是回報你所發現的錯誤之外，同樣也歡迎你提交修正它們的修補程式 (patch)。你可以在<aclass="reference external"href="https://devguide.python.org/">Python 開發者指南</a>中找到如何開始修補 Python 的更多資訊。如果你有任何問題，<aclass="reference external"href="https://mail.python.org/mailman3/lists/core-mentorship.python.org/">核心導師郵寄清單</a>是一個友善的地方，你可以在那裡得到，關於 Python 修正錯誤的過程中，所有問題的答案。</p>
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</section>
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<ahref="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">敬請捐贈。</a>
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<br>
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<br>
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最後更新於 11月09, 2025 (17:30 UTC)。
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最後更新於 11月10, 2025 (00:21 UTC)。
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<ahref="/bugs.html">發現 bug</a>？
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‎pr-preview/pr-1160/c-api/abstract.html‎

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<ahref="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">敬請捐贈。</a>
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<br>
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<br>
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最後更新於 11月09, 2025 (17:30 UTC)。
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最後更新於 11月10, 2025 (00:21 UTC)。
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‎pr-preview/pr-1160/c-api/allocation.html‎

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<ahref="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">敬請捐贈。</a>
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最後更新於 11月09, 2025 (17:30 UTC)。
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‎pr-preview/pr-1160/c-api/apiabiversion.html‎

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<ahref="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">敬請捐贈。</a>
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‎pr-preview/pr-1160/c-api/arg.html‎

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