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description:How to make bubble charts in Python with Plotly.

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redirect_from:python/bubble-charts-tutorial/

thumbnail:thumbnail/bubble.jpg

title:Bubble Charts | plotly

v4upgrade:true

Plotly's Python library is free and open source by downloading the client and[reading the primer](https://plot.ly/python/getting-started/).

<br>You can set up Plotly to work in[online](https://plot.ly/python/getting-started/#initialization-for-online-plotting) or[offline](https://plot.ly/python/getting-started/#initialization-for-offline-plotting) mode, or in[jupyter notebooks](https://plot.ly/python/getting-started/#start-plotting-online).

<br>We also have a quick-reference[cheatsheet](https://images.plot.ly/plotly-documentation/images/python_cheat_sheet.pdf) (new!) to help you get started!

Plotly's python package is updated frequently. Run`pip install plotly --upgrade` to use the latest version.

A[bubble chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_chart) is a scatter plot in which a third dimension of the data is shown through the size of markers. For other types of scatter plot, see the[line and scatter page](https://plot.ly/python/line-and-scatter/).

We first show a bubble chart example using plotly express. Plotly express functions take as argument a tidy[pandas DataFrame](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/getting_started/10min.html). The size of markers is set from the dataframe column given as the`size` parameter.

import plotly

plotly.__version__

import plotly.expressas px

gapminder= px.data.gapminder()

fig= px.scatter(gapminder.query("year==2007"),x="gdpPercap",y="lifeExp",

size="pop",color="continent",

hover_name="country",log_x=True,size_max=60)

fig.show()

When data are not available as tidy dataframes, it is also possible to use the more generic`go.Scatter` from`plotly.graph_objects`, and define the size of markers to create a bubble chart. All of the available options are described in the scatter section of the reference page:https://plot.ly/python/reference#scatter.

import plotly.plotlyas py

import plotly.graph_objsas go

import plotly.graph_objectsas go

trace0= go.Scatter(

x=[1,2,3,4],

y=[10,11,12,13],

fig= go.Figure(data=[go.Scatter(

x=[1,2,3,4],y=[10,11,12,13],

mode='markers',

marker=dict(

size=[40,60,80,100],

)

)

data= [trace0]

py.iplot(data,filename='bubblechart-size')

marker_size=[40,60,80,100])

])

fig.show()

import plotly.plotlyas py

import plotly.graph_objsas go

import plotly.graph_objectsas go

trace0= go.Scatter(

x=[1,2,3,4],

y=[10,11,12,13],

fig= go.Figure(data=[go.Scatter(

x=[1,2,3,4],y=[10,11,12,13],

mode='markers',

marker=dict(

color=['rgb(93, 164, 214)','rgb(255, 144, 14)',

'rgb(44, 160, 101)','rgb(255, 65, 54)'],

opacity=[1,0.8,0.6,0.4],

size=[40,60,80,100],

)

)

)])

data= [trace0]

py.iplot(data,filename='bubblechart-color')

fig.show()

Additionally, we recommend setting the sizemode attribute:https://plot.ly/python/reference/#scatter-marker-sizemode to area.

import plotly.plotlyas py

import plotly.graph_objsas go

import plotly.graph_objectsas go

size= [20,40,60,80,100,80,60,40,20,40]

trace0= go.Scatter(

fig=go.Figure(data=[go.Scatter(

x=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10],

y=[11,12,10,11,12,11,12,13,12,11],

mode='markers',

sizeref=2.*max(size)/(40.**2),

)

)

)])

data= [trace0]

py.iplot(data,filename='bubblechart-size-ref')

fig.show()

import plotly.plotlyas py

import plotly.graph_objsas go

import plotly.graph_objectsas go

trace0= go.Scatter(

x=[1,2,3,4],

y=[10,11,12,13],

fig= go.Figure(data=[go.Scatter(

x=[1,2,3,4],y=[10,11,12,13],

text=['A<br>size: 40','B<br>size: 60','C<br>size: 80','D<br>size: 100'],

mode='markers',

marker=dict(

color=['rgb(93, 164, 214)','rgb(255, 144, 14)','rgb(44, 160, 101)','rgb(255, 65, 54)'],

size=[40,60,80,100],

)

)

)])

data= [trace0]

py.iplot(data,filename='bubblechart-text')

fig.show()

import plotly.plotlyas py

import plotly.graph_objsas go

data= [

{

'x': [1,3.2,5.4,7.6,9.8,12.5],

'y': [1,3.2,5.4,7.6,9.8,12.5],

'mode':'markers',

'marker': {

'color': [120,125,130,135,140,145],

'size': [15,30,55,70,90,110],

'showscale':True

}

}

]

py.iplot(data,filename='scatter-colorscale')

import plotly.graph_objectsas go

fig= go.Figure(data=[go.Scatter(

x=[1,3.2,5.4,7.6,9.8,12.5],

y=[1,3.2,5.4,7.6,9.8,12.5],

mode='markers',

marker=dict(

color=[120,125,130,135,140,145],

size=[15,30,55,70,90,110],

)

)])

fig.show()

import plotly.plotlyas py

import plotly.graph_objsas go

import plotly.graph_objectsas go

import plotly.expressas px

import pandasas pd

import math

data= pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plotly/datasets/master/gapminderDataFiveYear.csv")

data= px.data.gapminder()

df_2007= data[data['year']==2007]

df_2007= df_2007.sort_values(['continent','country'])

hover_text= []

bubble_size= []

gdp=row['gdpPercap'],

pop=row['pop'],

year=row['year']))

bubble_size.append(math.sqrt(row['pop']*slope))

bubble_size.append(math.sqrt(row['pop']))

df_2007['text']= hover_text

df_2007['size']= bubble_size

sizeref=2.*max(df_2007['size'])/(100**2)

trace0= go.Scatter(

x=df_2007['gdpPercap'][df_2007['continent']=='Africa'],

y=df_2007['lifeExp'][df_2007['continent']=='Africa'],

mode='markers',

name='Africa',

text=df_2007['text'][df_2007['continent']=='Africa'],

marker=dict(

symbol='circle',

sizemode='area',

sizeref=sizeref,

size=df_2007['size'][df_2007['continent']=='Africa'],

line=dict(

),

)

)

trace1= go.Scatter(

x=df_2007['gdpPercap'][df_2007['continent']=='Americas'],

y=df_2007['lifeExp'][df_2007['continent']=='Americas'],

mode='markers',

name='Americas',

text=df_2007['text'][df_2007['continent']=='Americas'],

marker=dict(

sizemode='area',

sizeref=sizeref,

size=df_2007['size'][df_2007['continent']=='Americas'],

line=dict(

),

)

)

trace2= go.Scatter(

x=df_2007['gdpPercap'][df_2007['continent']=='Asia'],

y=df_2007['lifeExp'][df_2007['continent']=='Asia'],

mode='markers',

name='Asia',

text=df_2007['text'][df_2007['continent']=='Asia'],

marker=dict(

sizemode='area',

sizeref=sizeref,

size=df_2007['size'][df_2007['continent']=='Asia'],

line=dict(

),

)

)

trace3= go.Scatter(

x=df_2007['gdpPercap'][df_2007['continent']=='Europe'],

y=df_2007['lifeExp'][df_2007['continent']=='Europe'],

mode='markers',

name='Europe',

text=df_2007['text'][df_2007['continent']=='Europe'],

marker=dict(

sizemode='area',

sizeref=sizeref,

size=df_2007['size'][df_2007['continent']=='Europe'],

line=dict(

),

)

)

trace4= go.Scatter(

x=df_2007['gdpPercap'][df_2007['continent']=='Oceania'],

y=df_2007['lifeExp'][df_2007['continent']=='Oceania'],

mode='markers',

name='Oceania',

text=df_2007['text'][df_2007['continent']=='Oceania'],

marker=dict(

sizemode='area',

sizeref=sizeref,

size=df_2007['size'][df_2007['continent']=='Oceania'],

line=dict(

),

)

)

data= [trace0, trace1, trace2, trace3, trace4]

layout= go.Layout(

continent_names= ['Africa','Americas','Asia','Europe','Oceania']

continent_data= {continent:df_2007.query("continent == '%s'"%continent)

for continentin continent_names}

fig= go.Figure()

for continent_name, continentin continent_data.items():

fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(

x=continent['gdpPercap'],y=continent['lifeExp'],

name=continent_name,text=continent['text'],

marker_size=continent['size'],

))

fig.update_traces(mode='markers',marker=dict(sizemode='area',

sizeref=sizeref,line_width=2))

fig.update_layout(

title='Life Expectancy v. Per Capita GDP, 2007',

xaxis=dict(

title='GDP per capita (2000 dollars)',

gridcolor='rgb(255, 255, 255)',

range=[2.003297660701705,5.191505530708712],

gridcolor='white',

type='log',

zerolinewidth=1,

ticklen=5,

gridwidth=2,

),

yaxis=dict(

title='Life Expectancy (years)',

gridcolor='rgb(255, 255, 255)',

range=[36.12621671352166,91.72921793264332],

zerolinewidth=1,

ticklen=5,

gridcolor='white',

gridwidth=2,

),

paper_bgcolor='rgb(243, 243, 243)',

plot_bgcolor='rgb(243, 243, 243)',

)

fig= go.Figure(data=data,layout=layout)

py.iplot(fig,filename='life-expectancy-per-GDP-2007')

fig.show()

Seehttps://plot.ly/python/reference/#scatter for more information and chart attribute options!

from IPython.displayimport display,HTML

display(HTML('<link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:600,400,300,200|Inconsolata|Ubuntu+Mono:400,700" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />'))

display(HTML('<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://help.plot.ly/documentation/all_static/css/ipython-notebook-custom.css">'))

! pip install git+https://github.com/plotly/publisher.git--upgrade

import publisher

publisher.publish(

'bubble.ipynb','python/bubble-charts/','Python Bubble Charts | plotly',

'How to make bubble charts in Python with Plotly.',

title='Bubble Charts | plotly',

name='Bubble Charts',language='python',

has_thumbnail='true',thumbnail='thumbnail/bubble.jpg',

display_as='basic',order=3,

ipynb='~notebook_demo/1/new-to-plotly-plotlys-python-library-i',

redirect_from='python/bubble-charts-tutorial/',

)