What you're building

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Requirements

Test Driven Development?

Download Python

Project Setup

$ mkdir flaskr-tdd$cd flaskr-tdd

$ python3.12 -m venv env$source env/bin/activate(env)$

(env)$ pip install flask==3.0.0

First Test

├── project│   ├── __init__.py│   ├── app.py└── tests    ├── __init__.py    └── app_test.py

(env)$ pip install pytest==7.4.2

fromproject.appimportappdeftest_index():tester=app.test_client()response=tester.get("/",content_type="html/text")assertresponse.status_code==200assertresponse.data==b"Hello, World!"

(env)$ python -m pytest

ImportError: cannot import name'app' from'project.app

fromflaskimportFlask# create and initialize a new Flask appapp=Flask(__name__)@app.route("/")defhello():return"Hello, World!"if__name__=="__main__":app.run()

(env)$ FLASK_APP=project/app.py python -m flask run -p 5001

(env)$ python -m pytest===============================test session starts ===============================platform darwin -- Python 3.10.4, pytest-7.4.2, pluggy-1.0.0rootdir: /Users/michael/repos/github/flaskr-tddcollected 1 itemtests/app_test.py.                                                         [100%]================================ 1 passedin 0.10s ================================

Database Setup

droptable if exists entries;createtableentries (  idintegerprimary key autoincrement,  titletextnot null,texttextnot null);

fromflaskimportFlask# configurationDATABASE="flaskr.db"# create and initialize a new Flask appapp=Flask(__name__)# load the configapp.config.from_object(__name__)@app.route("/")defhello():return"Hello, World!"if__name__=="__main__":app.run()

frompathlibimportPathfromproject.appimportappdeftest_index():tester=app.test_client()response=tester.get("/",content_type="html/text")assertresponse.status_code==200assertresponse.data==b"Hello, World!"deftest_database():assertPath("flaskr.db").is_file()

# connect to databasedefconnect_db():"""Connects to the database."""rv=sqlite3.connect(app.config["DATABASE"])rv.row_factory=sqlite3.Rowreturnrv# create the databasedefinit_db():withapp.app_context():db=get_db()withapp.open_resource("schema.sql",mode="r")asf:db.cursor().executescript(f.read())db.commit()# open database connectiondefget_db():ifnothasattr(g,"sqlite_db"):g.sqlite_db=connect_db()returng.sqlite_db# close database connection@app.teardown_appcontextdefclose_db(error):ifhasattr(g,"sqlite_db"):g.sqlite_db.close()

importsqlite3fromflaskimportFlask,g

importsqlite3fromflaskimportFlask,g# configurationDATABASE="flaskr.db"# create and initialize a new Flask appapp=Flask(__name__)# load the configapp.config.from_object(__name__)# connect to databasedefconnect_db():"""Connects to the database."""rv=sqlite3.connect(app.config["DATABASE"])rv.row_factory=sqlite3.Rowreturnrv# create the databasedefinit_db():withapp.app_context():db=get_db()withapp.open_resource("schema.sql",mode="r")asf:db.cursor().executescript(f.read())db.commit()# open database connectiondefget_db():ifnothasattr(g,"sqlite_db"):g.sqlite_db=connect_db()returng.sqlite_db# close database connection@app.teardown_appcontextdefclose_db(error):ifhasattr(g,"sqlite_db"):g.sqlite_db.close()@app.route("/")defhello():return"Hello, World!"if__name__=="__main__":app.run()

>>>fromproject.appimportinit_db>>>init_db()

frompathlibimportPathfromproject.appimportapp,init_dbdeftest_index():tester=app.test_client()response=tester.get("/",content_type="html/text")assertresponse.status_code==200assertresponse.data==b"Hello, World!"deftest_database():init_db()assertPath("flaskr.db").is_file()

├── flaskr.db├── project│   ├── __init__.py│   ├── app.py│   └── schema.sql└── tests    ├── __init__.py    └── app_test.py

Templates and Views

Tests

importosimportpytestfrompathlibimportPathfromproject.appimportapp,init_dbTEST_DB="test.db"@pytest.fixturedefclient():BASE_DIR=Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parentapp.config["TESTING"]=Trueapp.config["DATABASE"]=BASE_DIR.joinpath(TEST_DB)init_db()# setupyieldapp.test_client()# tests run hereinit_db()# teardowndeflogin(client,username,password):"""Login helper function"""returnclient.post("/login",data=dict(username=username,password=password),follow_redirects=True,    )deflogout(client):"""Logout helper function"""returnclient.get("/logout",follow_redirects=True)deftest_index(client):response=client.get("/",content_type="html/text")assertresponse.status_code==200deftest_database(client):"""initial test. ensure that the database exists"""tester=Path("test.db").is_file()asserttesterdeftest_empty_db(client):"""Ensure database is blank"""rv=client.get("/")assertb"No entries yet. Add some!"inrv.datadeftest_login_logout(client):"""Test login and logout using helper functions"""rv=login(client,app.config["USERNAME"],app.config["PASSWORD"])assertb"You were logged in"inrv.datarv=logout(client)assertb"You were logged out"inrv.datarv=login(client,app.config["USERNAME"]+"x",app.config["PASSWORD"])assertb"Invalid username"inrv.datarv=login(client,app.config["USERNAME"],app.config["PASSWORD"]+"x")assertb"Invalid password"inrv.datadeftest_messages(client):"""Ensure that user can post messages"""login(client,app.config["USERNAME"],app.config["PASSWORD"])rv=client.post("/add",data=dict(title="<Hello>",text="<strong>HTML</strong> allowed here"),follow_redirects=True,    )assertb"No entries here so far"notinrv.dataassertb"&lt;Hello&gt;"inrv.dataassertb"<strong>HTML</strong> allowed here"inrv.data

(env)$ python -m pytest

===============================test session starts ===============================platform darwin -- Python 3.10.4, pytest-7.4.2, pluggy-1.0.0rootdir: /Users/michael/repos/github/flaskr-tddcollected 5 itemstests/app_test.py ..FFF                                                     [100%]==================================== FAILURES =====================================__________________________________ test_empty_db __________________________________client =<FlaskClient<Flask'project.app'>>    def test_empty_db(client):"""Ensure database is blank"""        rv = client.get("/")>       assert b"No entries yet. Add some!"in rv.dataE       AssertionError: assert b'No entries yet. Add some!'in b'Hello, World!'E        +  where b'Hello, World!' =<WrapperTestResponse 13 bytes [200 OK]>.datatests/app_test.py:49: AssertionError________________________________ test_login_logout ________________________________client =<FlaskClient<Flask'project.app'>>    def test_login_logout(client):"""Test login and logout using helper functions""">       rv = login(client, app.config["USERNAME"], app.config["PASSWORD"])E       KeyError:'USERNAME'tests/app_test.py:54: KeyError__________________________________ test_messages __________________________________client =<FlaskClient<Flask'project.app'>>    def test_messages(client):"""Ensure that user can post messages""">       login(client, app.config["USERNAME"], app.config["PASSWORD"])E       KeyError:'USERNAME'tests/app_test.py:66: KeyError============================= shorttest summary info =============================FAILED tests/app_test.py::test_empty_db -    AssertionError: assert b'No entries yet. Add some!'in b'Hello, World!'FAILED tests/app_test.py::test_login_logout - KeyError:'USERNAME'FAILED tests/app_test.py::test_messages - KeyError:'USERNAME'=========================== 3 failed, 2 passedin 0.17s ==========================

Show Entries

@app.route('/')defindex():"""Searches the database for entries, then displays them."""db=get_db()cur=db.execute('select * from entries order by id desc')entries=cur.fetchall()returnrender_template('index.html',entries=entries)

fromflaskimportFlask,g,render_template

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Flaskr</title><linkrel="stylesheet"type="text/css"href="{{ url_for('static', filename='style.css') }}"/></head><body><divclass="page"><h1>Flaskr-TDD</h1><divclass="metanav">        {% if not session.logged_in %}<ahref="{{ url_for('login') }}">log in</a>        {% else %}<ahref="{{ url_for('logout') }}">log out</a>        {% endif %}</div>      {% for message in get_flashed_messages() %}<divclass="flash">{{ message }}</div>      {% endfor %} {% block body %}{% endblock %} {% if session.logged_in %}<formaction="{{ url_for('add_entry') }}"method="post"class="add-entry"><dl><dt>Title:</dt><dd><inputtype="text"size="30"name="title"/></dd><dt>Text:</dt><dd><textareaname="text"rows="5"cols="40"></textarea></dd><dd><inputtype="submit"value="Share"/></dd></dl></form>      {% endif %}<ulclass="entries">        {% for entry in entries %}<li><h2>{{ entry.title }}</h2>          {{ entry.text|safe }}</li>        {% else %}<li><em>No entries yet. Add some!</em></li>        {% endfor %}</ul></div></body></html>

User Login and Logout

@app.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])deflogin():"""User login/authentication/session management."""error=Noneifrequest.method=='POST':ifrequest.form['username']!=app.config['USERNAME']:error='Invalid username'elifrequest.form['password']!=app.config['PASSWORD']:error='Invalid password'else:session['logged_in']=Trueflash('You were logged in')returnredirect(url_for('index'))returnrender_template('login.html',error=error)@app.route('/logout')deflogout():"""User logout/authentication/session management."""session.pop('logged_in',None)flash('You were logged out')returnredirect(url_for('index'))

# configurationDATABASE="flaskr.db"USERNAME="admin"PASSWORD="admin"SECRET_KEY="change_me"

fromflaskimportFlask,g,render_template,request,session,flash,redirect,url_for

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Flaskr-TDD | Login</title><linkrel="stylesheet"type="text/css"href="{{ url_for('static', filename='style.css') }}"/></head><body><divclass="page"><h1>Flaskr</h1><divclass="metanav">        {% if not session.logged_in %}<ahref="{{ url_for('login') }}">log in</a>        {% else %}<ahref="{{ url_for('logout') }}">log out</a>        {% endif %}</div>      {% for message in get_flashed_messages() %}<divclass="flash">{{ message }}</div>      {% endfor %} {% block body %}{% endblock %}<h2>Login</h2>      {% if error %}<pclass="error"><strong>Error:</strong> {{ error }}</p>      {% endif %}<formaction="{{ url_for('login') }}"method="post"><dl><dt>Username:</dt><dd><inputtype="text"name="username"/></dd><dt>Password:</dt><dd><inputtype="password"name="password"/></dd><dd><inputtype="submit"value="Login"/></dd></dl></form></div></body></html>

E           werkzeug.routing.BuildError: Could not build urlfor endpoint'add_entry'. Did you mean'login' instead?

@app.route('/add',methods=['POST'])defadd_entry():"""Add new post to database."""ifnotsession.get('logged_in'):abort(401)db=get_db()db.execute('insert into entries (title, text) values (?, ?)',        [request.form['title'],request.form['text']]    )db.commit()flash('New entry was successfully posted')returnredirect(url_for('index'))

fromflaskimportFlask,g,render_template,request,session,flash,redirect,url_for,abort

===============================test session starts ===============================platform darwin -- Python 3.10.4, pytest-7.4.2, pluggy-1.0.0rootdir: /Users/michael/repos/github/flaskr-tddcollected 5 itemstests/app_test.py .....                                                     [100%]================================ 5 passedin 0.16s ================================

Add Some Style

body {font-family: sans-serif;background:#eee;}a,h1,h2 {color:#377ba8;}h1,h2 {font-family:"Georgia", serif;margin:0;}h1 {border-bottom:2px solid#eee;}h2 {font-size:1.2em;}.page {margin:2em auto;width:35em;border:5px solid#ccc;padding:0.8em;background: white;}.entries {list-style: none;margin:0;padding:0;}.entriesli {margin:0.8em1.2em;}.entrieslih2 {margin-left:-1em;}.add-entry {font-size:0.9em;border-bottom:1px solid#ccc;}.add-entrydl {font-weight: bold;}.metanav {text-align: right;font-size:0.8em;padding:0.3em;margin-bottom:1em;background:#fafafa;}.flash {background:#cee5f5;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid#aacbe2;}.error {background:#f0d6d6;padding:0.5em;}

JavaScript

<liclass="entry"><h2id="{{ entry.id }}">{{ entry.title }}</h2>  {{ entry.text|safe }}</li>

<scripttype="text/javascript"src="{{url_for('static', filename='main.js') }}"></script>

(function(){console.log("ready!");// sanity check})();constpostElements=document.getElementsByClassName("entry");for(vari=0;i<postElements.length;i++){postElements[i].addEventListener("click",function(){constpostId=this.getElementsByTagName("h2")[0].getAttribute("id");constnode=this;fetch(`/delete/${postId}`).then(function(resp){returnresp.json();}).then(function(result){if(result.status===1){node.parentNode.removeChild(node);console.log(result);}location.reload();}).catch(function(err){console.log(err);});});}

@app.route('/delete/<post_id>',methods=['GET'])defdelete_entry(post_id):"""Delete post from database"""result= {'status':0,'message':'Error'}try:db=get_db()db.execute('delete from entries where id='+post_id)db.commit()result= {'status':1,'message':"Post Deleted"}exceptExceptionase:result= {'status':0,'message':repr(e)}returnjsonify(result)

fromflaskimportFlask,g,render_template,request,session,flash,redirect,url_for,abort,jsonify

deftest_delete_message(client):"""Ensure the messages are being deleted"""rv=client.get('/delete/1')data=json.loads(rv.data)assertdata["status"]==1

(env)$ python -m pytest===============================test session starts ===============================platform darwin -- Python 3.10.4, pytest-7.4.2, pluggy-1.0.0rootdir: /Users/michael/repos/github/flaskr-tddcollected 6 itemstests/app_test.py ......                                                    [100%]================================ 6 passedin 0.17s ================================

Deployment

(env)$ pip install gunicorn==21.2.0

(env)$ touch Procfile

web: gunicorn project.app:app

(env)$ touch requirements.txt

Flask==3.0.0gunicorn==21.2.0pytest==7.4.2

(env)$ touch .gitignore

env*.pyc*.DS_Store__pycache__test.db

python-3.12.0

(env)$ git init(env)$ git add -A(env)$ git commit -m"initial"

(env)$ heroku create(env)$ git push heroku main

Bootstrap

<linkrel="stylesheet"type="text/css"href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"/>

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Flaskr-TDD | Login</title><linkrel="stylesheet"type="text/css"href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"/></head><body><divclass="container"><br/><br/><h1>Flaskr</h1><br/><br/>      {% for message in get_flashed_messages() %}<divclass="flash alert alert-success col-sm-4"role="success">        {{ message }}</div>      {% endfor %}<h3>Login</h3>      {% if error %}<pclass="alert alert-danger col-sm-4"role="danger"><strong>Error:</strong> {{ error }}</p>      {% endif %}<formaction="{{ url_for('login') }}"method="post"class="form-group"><dl><dt>Username:</dt><dd><inputtype="text"name="username"class="form-control col-sm-4"/></dd><dt>Password:</dt><dd><inputtype="password"name="password"class="form-control col-sm-4"/></dd><br/><br/><dd><inputtype="submit"class="btn btn-primary"value="Login"/></dd><span>Use "admin" for username and password</span></dl></form></div><scripttype="text/javascript"src="{{url_for('static', filename='main.js') }}"></script></body></html>

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Flaskr</title><linkrel="stylesheet"type="text/css"href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"/></head><body><divclass="container"><br/><br/><h1>Flaskr</h1><br/><br/>      {% if not session.logged_in %}<aclass="btn btn-success"role="button"href="{{ url_for('login') }}">log in</a>      {% else %}<aclass="btn btn-warning"role="button"href="{{ url_for('logout') }}">log out</a>      {% endif %}<br/><br/>      {% for message in get_flashed_messages() %}<divclass="flash alert alert-success col-sm-4"role="success">        {{ message }}</div>      {% endfor %} {% if session.logged_in %}<formaction="{{ url_for('add_entry') }}"method="post"class="add-entry form-group"><dl><dt>Title:</dt><dd><inputtype="text"size="30"name="title"class="form-control col-sm-4"/></dd><dt>Text:</dt><dd><textareaname="text"rows="5"cols="40"class="form-control col-sm-4"></textarea></dd><br/><br/><dd><inputtype="submit"class="btn btn-primary"value="Share"/></dd></dl></form>      {% endif %}<br/><ulclass="entries">        {% for entry in entries %}<liclass="entry"><h2id="{{ entry.id }}">{{ entry.title }}</h2>          {{ entry.text|safe }}</li>        {% else %}<li><em>No entries yet. Add some!</em></li>        {% endfor %}</ul></div><scripttype="text/javascript"src="{{url_for('static', filename='main.js') }}"></script></body></html>

(env)$ FLASK_APP=project/app.py python -m flask run -p 5001

SQLAlchemy

Setup

(env)$ pip install Flask-SQLAlchemy==3.1.1

# create_db.pyfromproject.appimportapp,dbfromproject.modelsimportPostwithapp.app_context():# create the database and the db tabledb.create_all()# commit the changesdb.session.commit()

fromproject.appimportdbclassPost(db.Model):id=db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True)title=db.Column(db.String,nullable=False)text=db.Column(db.String,nullable=False)def__init__(self,title,text):self.title=titleself.text=textdef__repr__(self):returnf'<title{self.title}>'

Updateapp.py

importsqlite3frompathlibimportPathfromflaskimportFlask,g,render_template,request,session, \flash,redirect,url_for,abort,jsonifyfromflask_sqlalchemyimportSQLAlchemybasedir=Path(__file__).resolve().parent# configurationDATABASE="flaskr.db"USERNAME="admin"PASSWORD="admin"SECRET_KEY="change_me"SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI=f'sqlite:///{Path(basedir).joinpath(DATABASE)}'SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS=False# create and initialize a new Flask appapp=Flask(__name__)# load the configapp.config.from_object(__name__)# init sqlalchemydb=SQLAlchemy(app)fromprojectimportmodels@app.route('/')defindex():"""Searches the database for entries, then displays them."""entries=db.session.query(models.Post)returnrender_template('index.html',entries=entries)@app.route('/add',methods=['POST'])defadd_entry():"""Adds new post to the database."""ifnotsession.get('logged_in'):abort(401)new_entry=models.Post(request.form['title'],request.form['text'])db.session.add(new_entry)db.session.commit()flash('New entry was successfully posted')returnredirect(url_for('index'))@app.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])deflogin():"""User login/authentication/session management."""error=Noneifrequest.method=='POST':ifrequest.form['username']!=app.config['USERNAME']:error='Invalid username'elifrequest.form['password']!=app.config['PASSWORD']:error='Invalid password'else:session['logged_in']=Trueflash('You were logged in')returnredirect(url_for('index'))returnrender_template('login.html',error=error)@app.route('/logout')deflogout():"""User logout/authentication/session management."""session.pop('logged_in',None)flash('You were logged out')returnredirect(url_for('index'))@app.route('/delete/<int:post_id>',methods=['GET'])defdelete_entry(post_id):"""Deletes post from database."""result= {'status':0,'message':'Error'}try:db.session.query(models.Post).filter_by(id=post_id).delete()db.session.commit()result= {'status':1,'message':"Post Deleted"}flash('The entry was deleted.')exceptExceptionase:result= {'status':0,'message':repr(e)}returnjsonify(result)if__name__=="__main__":app.run()

Create the DB

(env)$ python create_db.py

Tests

@pytest.fixturedefclient():BASE_DIR=Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parentapp.config["TESTING"]=Trueapp.config["DATABASE"]=BASE_DIR.joinpath(TEST_DB)app.config["SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI"]=f"sqlite:///{BASE_DIR.joinpath(TEST_DB)}"withapp.app_context():db.create_all()# setupyieldapp.test_client()# tests run heredb.drop_all()# teardown

fromproject.appimportapp,db

(env)$ python -m pytest===============================test session starts ===============================platform darwin -- Python 3.10.4, pytest-7.4.2, pluggy-1.0.0rootdir: /Users/michael/repos/github/flaskr-tddcollected 6 itemstests/app_test.py ......                                                    [100%]================================ 6 passedin 0.34s ================================

Flask==3.0.0Flask-SQLAlchemy==3.1.1gunicorn==21.2.0pytest==7.4.2

Search Page

Updateapp.py

@app.route('/search/',methods=['GET'])defsearch():query=request.args.get("query")entries=db.session.query(models.Post)ifquery:returnrender_template('search.html',entries=entries,query=query)returnrender_template('search.html')

Addsearch.html

(env)$ touch search.html

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Flaskr</title><linkrel="stylesheet"type="text/css"href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"/></head><body><divclass="container"><br/><br/><h1>Flaskr</h1><br/><br/><aclass="btn btn-primary"role="button"href="{{ url_for('index') }}">        Home</a>      {% if not session.logged_in %}<aclass="btn btn-success"role="button"href="{{ url_for('login') }}">log in</a>      {% else %}<aclass="btn btn-warning"role="button"href="{{ url_for('logout') }}">log out</a>      {% endif %}<br/><br/>      {% for message in get_flashed_messages() %}<divclass="flash alert alert-success col-sm-4"role="success">        {{ message }}</div>      {% endfor %}<formaction="{{ url_for('search') }}"method="get"class="from-group"><dl><dt>Search:</dt><dd><inputtype="text"name="query"class="form-control col-sm-4"/></dd><br/><dd><inputtype="submit"class="btn btn-info"value="Search"/></dd></dl></form><ulclass="entries">        {% for entry in entries %} {% if query.lower() in entry.title.lower() or        query.lower() in entry.text.lower() %}<liclass="entry"><h2id="{{ entry.post_id }}">{{ entry.title }}</h2>          {{ entry.text|safe }}</li>        {% endif %} {% endfor %}</ul></div><scripttype="text/javascript"src="{{url_for('static', filename='main.js') }}"></script></body></html>

Updateindex.html

<aclass="btn btn-info"role="button"href="{{ url_for('search') }}">Search</a>

Login Required

deflogin_required(f):@wraps(f)defdecorated_function(*args,**kwargs):ifnotsession.get('logged_in'):flash('Please log in.')returnjsonify({'status':0,'message':'Please log in.'}),401returnf(*args,**kwargs)returndecorated_function

fromfunctoolsimportwraps

@app.route('/delete/<int:post_id>',methods=['GET'])@login_requireddefdelete_entry(post_id):"""Deletes post from database."""result= {'status':0,'message':'Error'}try:new_id=post_iddb.session.query(models.Post).filter_by(id=new_id).delete()db.session.commit()result= {'status':1,'message':"Post Deleted"}flash('The entry was deleted.')exceptExceptionase:result= {'status':0,'message':repr(e)}returnjsonify(result)

deftest_delete_message(client):"""Ensure the messages are being deleted"""rv=client.get("/delete/1")data=json.loads(rv.data)assertdata["status"]==0login(client,app.config["USERNAME"],app.config["PASSWORD"])rv=client.get("/delete/1")data=json.loads(rv.data)assertdata["status"]==1

Postgres Heroku

(env)$ heroku addons:create heroku-postgresql:mini

(env)$ heroku config

=== glacial-savannah-72166 Config VarsDATABASE_URL: postgres://zebzwxlootewbx:da5c19a66cd4765dd39aed40abb06dff10682c3213501695c4b98612de0dfac9@ec2-54-208-11-146.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5432/d77tnmeavvasm0

url=os.getenv('DATABASE_URL',f'sqlite:///{Path(basedir).joinpath(DATABASE)}')ifurl.startswith("postgres://"):url=url.replace("postgres://","postgresql://",1)SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI=url

importos

(env)$ python -m pytest===============================test session starts ===============================platform darwin -- Python 3.10.4, pytest-7.4.2, pluggy-1.0.0rootdir: /Users/michael/repos/github/flaskr-tddcollected 6 itemstests/app_test.py ......                                                    [100%]================================ 6 passedin 0.32s ================================

Flask==3.0.0Flask-SQLAlchemy==3.1.1gunicorn==21.2.0psycopg2-binary==2.9.9pytest==7.4.2

(env)$ heroku run python create_db.py

Linting and Code Formatting

(env)$ pip install flake8==6.1.0(env)$ pip install black==23.10.0

(env)$ python -m flake8 --exclude env --ignore E402,E501../create_db.py:5:1: F401'project.models.Post' imported but unused./tests/app_test.py:2:1: F401'os' imported but unused./project/app.py:2:1: F401'sqlite3' imported but unused./project/app.py:6:1: F401'flask.g' imported but unused./project/app.py:7:19: E126 continuation line over-indentedfor hanging indent

$ python -m black --exclude=env.reformatted /Users/michael/repos/github/flaskr-tdd/project/models.pyreformatted /Users/michael/repos/github/flaskr-tdd/project/app.pyAll done! ✨ 🍰 ✨2 files reformatted, 4 files left unchanged.

Conclusion