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DevOps Roadmap for 2025. with learning resources

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milanm/DevOps-Roadmap

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This is a step-by-step guide on how to become a DevOps engineer, with links to relevant learning resources.

If you want to learn more about DevOps, be sure to subscribe tomy newsletter.

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Disclaimer

The purpose of this roadmap is to give you an idea about the landscape. The road map will guide you if you are confused about what to learn next, rather than encouraging you to pick what is hype and trendy. You should grow some understanding of why one tool would be better suited for some cases than the other and remember that hype and trendy do not always mean best suited for the job.

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DevOps Roadmap

Here is the complete DevOps roadmap.

DevOps roadmap

PDF version

DevOps roadmap

DownloadPDF version.

Table of Contents

Learning resources for DevOps Engineers (mostly free)

1. GIT

All your resources (files) will be held in a GIT repository. Those files areapplication code but alsoinfrastructure as a code.

Git is a free tool used for source code management. Git is used to tracking changes in the source code, enabling multiple developers to work together on non-linear development.

The two most popular Git platforms areGitLab andGitHub.

Here you need to learn Git commands, like git clone, branch, merge, and how to collaborate on a project with pull requests.

Resources:

2. Learn one programming language

As an engineer, it is recommended to know at least one programming language that you can use to writeautomation scripts.

Some popular programming languages for DevOps-es arePython, Go, and JavaScript.

Python is a multi-paradigm language. Being an interpreted language, code is executed as soon as it is written, and the syntax allows for writing code in different ways.Python is frequently recommended as the first language new coders should learn, because of its focus on readability, consistency, and ease of use.

Here you need to learn basic concepts of programming languages, such as syntax, if/else, loops, data structures, etc.

Resources:

  • Go

    • 3. Learn Linux & Scripting

    An Operating system serves as a bridge between a computer's user and its hardware. Its function is to offer a setting in which a user can conveniently and effectively run programs.

    As most servers useLinux OS, you need to make yourself comfortable with Linux and its CLI.

    Learn basic commands, such as: ls, cd, mkdir, rm, cp, mv, touch, cat, printenv, grep, find, chmod, chmod, ps, kill, top, df, du, tar, gzip, ssh, scp, wget, curl, etc.

    One easy-to-start distribution isUbuntu.

    In addition, you need to knowscripting to automate tasks for development and operations.

    Here you can learn OS-specific languages, such asBash or Powershell, or independent, like Python or Go.

    Resources:

    4. Learn Networking & Security

    Anetwork protocol is an established set of rules that determine how data is transmitted between different devices in the same network. Essentially, it allows connected devices to communicate with each other, regardless of any differences in their internal processes, structure, or design.

    Here you will need to know how a network works, how to configurefirewalls, understand howDNS works,OSI model, IP addresses, ports, etc.

    Resources:

    5. Learn Server Management

    Server management includes all the infrastructure monitoring and maintenance required for servers to operate reliably and at optimal performance levels. The primary goals of aneffective server management strategy are to:

    • Minimize server slowdowns and downtime while maximizing reliability.
    • Build secure server environments.
    • Scale servers and related operations to meet the needs of the organization over time.

    Here you will need to know what isforward and reverse proxies,caching servers, and how to operateWeb Servers, such as Nginx, Apache, or IIS.

    Resources:

    6. Learn Containers

    Acontainer is a standard unit of software that packages up code and all its dependencies, so the application runs quickly and reliably from one computing environment to another.

    Docker is by far the most popular container technology today. A Docker container image is a lightweight, standalone, executable package of software that includes everything needed to run an application: code, runtime, system tools, system libraries, and settings.

    Here you need to know how to run containers, Docker Networking, Volumes, Dockerfiles, and run multiple containers with Docker-Compose.

    Docker Compose is important as pre-requisite for Kubernetes. It is a tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications. With Compose, you use a YAML file to configure your application’s services. Then, with a single command, you create and start all the services from your configuration.

    Resources:

    7. Learn Container Orchestration

    Container orchestrationautomates the deployment, management, scaling, and networking of containers.

    Container orchestration can be used in any environment where you use containers. It can help you to deploy the same application across different environments without needing to redesign it. And microservices in containers make it easier to orchestrate services, including storage, networking, and security.

    Here you need to learn howKubernetes works, and how to administer the Kubernetes cluster and deploy applications on it.

    You need to know basic components of Kubernetes, such as: Master Node, Worker Node, Pod, ReplicaSet, Deployment, Service, Ingress, ConfigMap, Secret, PersistentVolume, PersistentVolumeClaim, StatefulSet, DaemonSet, Job and CronJob.

    Also, you need to know how to work with kubectl and Helm tools.

    Resources:

    8. Learn Infrastructure as a code (X as Code)

    Sometimes referred to asIaC, it refers to the techniques and tools used to define infrastructure, typically in a markup language like YAML or JSON. Infrastructure as code allows Engineers to automate environment setup and teardown. Accelerates and de-risks deployment by provisioning gold copy environments on demand.

    Terraform is the most popular infrastructure provisioning tool, but there are others such as Ansible, Chef, Puppet, and Vagrant.

    Here you need to know how to doinfrastructure provisioning andconfiguration management.

    Resources:

    9. Learn CI/CD

    Continuous Integration / Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) is a method to frequently deliver apps to customers by introducingautomation into the stages of app development. CI/CD is a solution to the problems integrating new code can cause for development and operations teams.

    CI/CD introduces continuous automation andcontinuous monitoring throughout the lifecycle of apps, from integration and testing phases to delivery and deployment. These connected practices are often referred to as a "CI/CD pipeline" and are supported by development and operations teams.

    There aredifferent stages of a CI/CD pipeline, such as:build, test and deploy, but there could be much more activities included:

    • Checking code from version control and building it
    • Having staged gates for different kinds of approvals
    • Managing environment variables
    • Restarting services
    • Executing tests
    • And more...

    Here you need to learn how to set up CI/CD server, integrate code and trigger pipelines automatically, store and read secrets, and build and package management tools.

    Somepopular CI/CD tools are: Jenkins, TeamCity, CircleCI, Bamboo, GitLab, and Azure DevOps.

    Resources:

    10. Learn Monitoring & Observability

    Monitoring entails overseeing the entire development process from planning, development, integration and testing, deployment, and operations. It involves a complete andreal-time view of the status of applications, services, and infrastructure in the production environment.

    This is especially important when our software is inproduction, and we need to track all kinds of issues in our infrastructure and application.

    The two most popular tools arePrometheus andGrafana, but also Cloud-based tools such as AWS CloudWatch, Azure Monitor, and Google Cloud Monitoring.

    Here you need to know how to set up monitoring and visualize data, crating and setting up alerting, and creating automatization during alerting.

    Resources:

    11. Learn one Cloud provider

    Cloud providers provide a layer of APIs to abstract infrastructure and provision it based on security and billing boundaries. The cloud runs on servers in data centers, but the abstractions cleverly give the appearance of interacting with a single "platform" or large application. The ability to quickly provision, configure and secure resources with cloud providers has been key to both the tremendous success, and complexity, of modern DevOps.

    The most popular cloud providers in the market areAWS andAzure, as well asGoogle Cloud.

    Here you need to know how to manage users and administration, networks, virtual servers, etc.

    Resources:

    12. Learn Software Engineering Practices

    As a DevOps engineer, you will probably work in a team with other developers in an Agile world, such asScrum. So, it is very important to know different parts ofSDLC, as well as the tools which are used there.

    In addition, it would be good to know howautomation testing is working, as you will need to set up it in CI/CD way.

    Here you need to know what isScrum, all phases ofSDLC, howautomation testing works, etc.

    Resources:

    Bonus: Learn DevSecOps Fundamentals

    Security must be integrated throughout the DevOps lifecycle rather than added as an afterthought.

    Here you will need to learn how to integrate security into the DevOps pipeline, and how to automate security testing (SAST and DAST).

    Also, you need to know how to manage secrets and credentials, and how to set up security policies.

    Resources:

    Additional resources

    Tools

    DevOps roadmap

    Books

    DevOps books

    DevOps as a Burger (DaaB)

    We can even present this roadmap as a burger :).

    DevOps as a Burger

    Wrap Up

    If you think the roadmap can be improved, please open a PR with any updates and submit any issues. Also, I will continue to improve this, so you might want to star this repository to revisit.

    Contribution

    • Open a pull request with improvements
    • Discuss ideas in issues
    • Spread the word

    License

    License

    Authors

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