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🤗 Accelerate was created for PyTorch users who like to write the training loop of PyTorch models but are reluctant to write and maintain the boilerplate code needed to use multi-GPUs/TPU/fp16.

🤗 Accelerate abstracts exactly and only the boilerplate code related to multi-GPUs/TPU/fp16 and leaves the rest of your code unchanged.

Here is an example:

  import torch  import torch.nn.functional as F  from datasets import load_dataset+ from accelerate import Accelerator+ accelerator = Accelerator()- device = 'cpu'+ device = accelerator.device  model = torch.nn.Transformer().to(device)  optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters())  dataset = load_dataset('my_dataset')  data = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset, shuffle=True)+ model, optimizer, data = accelerator.prepare(model, optimizer, data)  model.train()  for epoch in range(10):      for source, targets in data:          source = source.to(device)          targets = targets.to(device)          optimizer.zero_grad()          output = model(source)          loss = F.cross_entropy(output, targets)-         loss.backward()+         accelerator.backward(loss)          optimizer.step()

As you can see in this example, by adding 5-lines to any standard PyTorch training script you can now run on any kind of single or distributed node setting (single CPU, single GPU, multi-GPUs and TPUs) as well as with or without mixed precision (fp8, fp16, bf16).

In particular, the same code can then be run without modification on your local machine for debugging or your training environment.

🤗 Accelerate even handles the device placement for you (which requires a few more changes to your code, but is safer in general), so you can even simplify your training loop further:

  import torch  import torch.nn.functional as F  from datasets import load_dataset+ from accelerate import Accelerator- device = 'cpu'+ accelerator = Accelerator()- model = torch.nn.Transformer().to(device)+ model = torch.nn.Transformer()  optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters())  dataset = load_dataset('my_dataset')  data = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset, shuffle=True)+ model, optimizer, data = accelerator.prepare(model, optimizer, data)  model.train()  for epoch in range(10):      for source, targets in data:-         source = source.to(device)-         targets = targets.to(device)          optimizer.zero_grad()          output = model(source)          loss = F.cross_entropy(output, targets)-         loss.backward()+         accelerator.backward(loss)          optimizer.step()

Want to learn more? Check out thedocumentation or have a look at ourexamples.

🤗 Accelerate also provides an optional CLI tool that allows you to quickly configure and test your training environment before launching the scripts. No need to remember how to usetorch.distributed.run or to write a specific launcher for TPU training!On your machine(s) just run:

accelerate config

and answer the questions asked. This will generate a config file that will be used automatically to properly set the default options when doing

accelerate launch my_script.py --args_to_my_script

For instance, here is how you would run the GLUE example on the MRPC task (from the root of the repo):

accelerate launch examples/nlp_example.py

This CLI tool isoptional, and you can still usepython my_script.py orpython -m torchrun my_script.py at your convenience.

You can also directly pass in the arguments you would totorchrun as arguments toaccelerate launch if you wish to not run accelerate config.

For example, here is how to launch on two GPUs:

accelerate launch --multi_gpu --num_processes 2 examples/nlp_example.py

To learn more, check the CLI documentation availablehere.

Or view the configuration zoohere

🤗 Here is another way to launch multi-CPU run using MPI. You can learn how to install Open MPI onthis page. You can use Intel MPI or MVAPICH as well.Once you have MPI setup on your cluster, just run:

accelerate config

Answer the questions that are asked, selecting to run using multi-CPU, and answer "yes" when asked if you want accelerate to launch mpirun.Then, useaccelerate launch with your script like:

accelerate launch examples/nlp_example.py

Alternatively, you can use mpirun directly, without using the CLI like:

mpirun -np 2 python examples/nlp_example.py

🤗 Accelerate supports training on single/multiple GPUs using DeepSpeed. To use it, you don't need to change anything in your training code; you can set everything using justaccelerate config. However, if you desire to tweak your DeepSpeed related args from your Python script, we provide you theDeepSpeedPlugin.

fromaccelerateimportAccelerator,DeepSpeedPlugin# deepspeed needs to know your gradient accumulation steps beforehand, so don't forget to pass it# Remember you still need to do gradient accumulation by yourself, just like you would have done without deepspeeddeepspeed_plugin=DeepSpeedPlugin(zero_stage=2,gradient_accumulation_steps=2)accelerator=Accelerator(mixed_precision='fp16',deepspeed_plugin=deepspeed_plugin)# How to save your 🤗 Transformer?accelerator.wait_for_everyone()unwrapped_model=accelerator.unwrap_model(model)unwrapped_model.save_pretrained(save_dir,save_function=accelerator.save,state_dict=accelerator.get_state_dict(model))

Note: DeepSpeed support is experimental for now. In case you get into some problem, please open an issue.

🤗 Accelerate also provides anotebook_launcher function you can use in a notebook to launch a distributed training. This is especially useful for Colab or Kaggle notebooks with a TPU backend. Just define your training loop in atraining_function then in your last cell, add:

fromaccelerateimportnotebook_launchernotebook_launcher(training_function)

An example can be found inthis notebook.

You should use 🤗 Accelerate when you want to easily run your training scripts in a distributed environment without having to renounce full control over your training loop. This is not a high-level framework above PyTorch, just a thin wrapper so you don't have to learn a new library. In fact, the whole API of 🤗 Accelerate is in one class, theAccelerator object.

You shouldn't use 🤗 Accelerate if you don't want to write a training loop yourself. There are plenty of high-level libraries above PyTorch that will offer you that, 🤗 Accelerate is not one of them.

If you like the simplicity of 🤗 Accelerate but would prefer a higher-level abstraction around its capabilities, some frameworks and libraries that are built on top of 🤗 Accelerate are listed below:

• Amphion is a toolkit for Audio, Music, and Speech Generation. Its purpose is to support reproducible research and help junior researchers and engineers get started in the field of audio, music, and speech generation research and development.
• Animus is a minimalistic framework to run machine learning experiments. Animus highlights common "breakpoints" in ML experiments and provides a unified interface for them withinIExperiment.
• Catalyst is a PyTorch framework for Deep Learning Research and Development. It focuses on reproducibility, rapid experimentation, and codebase reuse so you can create something new rather than write yet another train loop. Catalyst provides aRunner to connect all parts of the experiment: hardware backend, data transformations, model training, and inference logic.
• fastai is a PyTorch framework for Deep Learning that simplifies training fast and accurate neural nets using modern best practices. fastai provides aLearner to handle the training, fine-tuning, and inference of deep learning algorithms.
• Finetuner is a service that enables models to create higher-quality embeddings for semantic search, visual similarity search, cross-modal text<->image search, recommendation systems, clustering, duplication detection, anomaly detection, or other uses.
• InvokeAI is a creative engine for Stable Diffusion models, offering industry-leading WebUI, terminal usage support, and serves as the foundation for many commercial products.
• Kornia is a differentiable library that allows classical computer vision to be integrated into deep learning models. Kornia provides aTrainer with the specific purpose to train and fine-tune the supported deep learning algorithms within the library.
• Open Assistant is a chat-based assistant that understands tasks, can interact with their party systems, and retrieve information dynamically to do so.
• pytorch-accelerated is a lightweight training library, with a streamlined feature set centered around a general-purposeTrainer, that places a huge emphasis on simplicity and transparency; enabling users to understand exactly what is going on under the hood, but without having to write and maintain the boilerplate themselves!
• Stable Diffusion web UI is an open-source browser-based easy-to-use interface based on the Gradio library for Stable Diffusion.
• torchkeras is a simple tool for training pytorch model just in a keras style, a dynamic and beautiful plot is provided in notebook to monitor your loss or metric.
• transformers as a tool for helping train state-of-the-art machine learning models in PyTorch, Tensorflow, and JAX. (Accelerate is the backend for the PyTorch side).

This repository is tested on Python 3.8+ and PyTorch 1.10.0+

You should install 🤗 Accelerate in avirtual environment. If you're unfamiliar with Python virtual environments, check out theuser guide.

First, create a virtual environment with the version of Python you're going to use and activate it.

Then, you will need to install PyTorch: refer to theofficial installation page regarding the specific install command for your platform. Then 🤗 Accelerate can be installed using pip as follows:

pip install accelerate

• CPU only
• multi-CPU on one node (machine)
• multi-CPU on several nodes (machines)
• single GPU
• multi-GPU on one node (machine)
• multi-GPU on several nodes (machines)
• TPU
• FP16/BFloat16 mixed precision
• FP8 mixed precision withTransformer Engine orMS-AMP
• DeepSpeed support (Experimental)
• PyTorch Fully Sharded Data Parallel (FSDP) support (Experimental)
• Megatron-LM support (Experimental)

If you use 🤗 Accelerate in your publication, please cite it by using the following BibTeX entry.

@Misc{accelerate,title ={Accelerate: Training and inference at scale made simple, efficient and adaptable.},author ={Sylvain Gugger and Lysandre Debut and Thomas Wolf and Philipp Schmid and Zachary Mueller and Sourab Mangrulkar and Marc Sun and Benjamin Bossan},howpublished ={\url{https://github.com/huggingface/accelerate}},year ={2022}}