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⚡️ Speed up methodStack.empty by 20%#60

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📄 20% (0.20x) speedup forStack.empty inguardrails/classes/generic/stack.py

⏱️ Runtime :228 microseconds189 microseconds (best of67 runs)

📝 Explanation and details

The optimized code achieves a20% speedup by replacinglen(self) == 0 withnot self in theempty() method. This optimization leverages Python's built-in truthiness evaluation mechanism.

Key Performance Improvement:

  • len(self) == 0 requires calling thelen() function, which internally calls__len__() on the list, counts all elements, and then performs an equality comparison
  • not self directly uses the list's__bool__() method (inherited from the built-inlist class), which returnsFalse immediately if the list is empty without counting elements

Why This Works:
In Python,not self on a list object is equivalent to checking if the list is empty, but it's implemented at a lower level in the interpreter. The__bool__() method for lists simply checks if the first element exists rather than counting all elements, making it more efficient thanlen().

Performance Characteristics:
The optimization shows consistent improvements across all test scenarios:

  • Empty stacks: 17-32% faster (best case scenarios)
  • Small stacks (1-5 elements): 9-28% faster
  • Large stacks (1000+ elements): 31-44% faster (most significant gains)
  • Edge cases with falsy values: 12-26% faster

The performance gain is particularly pronounced with larger stacks becauselen() has to traverse or maintain a count of all elements, whilenot self only needs to check for the existence of any element.

Correctness verification report:

TestStatus
⚙️ Existing Unit Tests🔘None Found
🌀 Generated Regression Tests1098 Passed
⏪ Replay Tests255 Passed
🔎 Concolic Coverage Tests🔘None Found
📊 Tests Coverage100.0%
🌀 Generated Regression Tests and Runtime
fromtypingimportList,TypeVar# importsimportpytest# used for our unit testsfromguardrails.classes.generic.stackimportStackT=TypeVar("T")fromguardrails.classes.generic.stackimportStack# unit tests# -------------------------# 1. Basic Test Cases# -------------------------deftest_empty_stack_returns_true():"""Test that an empty stack returns True for empty()."""s=Stack()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 559ns -> 435ns (28.5% faster)deftest_nonempty_stack_returns_false():"""Test that a stack with one element returns False for empty()."""s=Stack(1)codeflash_output=s.empty()# 431ns -> 394ns (9.39% faster)deftest_stack_with_multiple_elements_returns_false():"""Test that a stack with multiple elements returns False for empty()."""s=Stack(1,2,3)codeflash_output=s.empty()# 444ns -> 405ns (9.63% faster)# -------------------------# 2. Edge Test Cases# -------------------------deftest_stack_after_pop_all_elements():"""Test that a stack emptied by popping all elements returns True for empty()."""s=Stack(1,2)s.pop()s.pop()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 481ns -> 388ns (24.0% faster)deftest_stack_after_append_and_pop():"""Test that a stack after append and pop returns to empty state."""s=Stack()s.append('a')codeflash_output=s.empty()# 418ns -> 392ns (6.63% faster)s.pop()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 218ns -> 233ns (6.44% slower)deftest_stack_with_none_element():"""Test that a stack initialized with None as an element is not empty."""s=Stack(None)codeflash_output=s.empty()# 442ns -> 401ns (10.2% faster)deftest_stack_with_falsey_elements():"""Test that a stack with 0, '', or False as elements is not empty."""s=Stack(0,'',False)codeflash_output=s.empty()# 432ns -> 409ns (5.62% faster)deftest_stack_clear_method():"""Test that using clear() makes the stack empty."""s=Stack(1,2,3)s.clear()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 461ns -> 379ns (21.6% faster)deftest_stack_after_del_slice():"""Test that deleting all elements via slice makes the stack empty."""s=Stack(1,2,3)dels[:]codeflash_output=s.empty()# 468ns -> 391ns (19.7% faster)deftest_stack_after_del_partial_slice():"""Test that deleting some elements via slice does not make the stack empty if elements remain."""s=Stack(1,2,3)dels[:2]codeflash_output=s.empty()# 458ns -> 374ns (22.5% faster)dels[:]codeflash_output=s.empty()# 212ns -> 188ns (12.8% faster)deftest_stack_after_extend_and_pop():"""Test that extending and then popping all elements makes the stack empty."""s=Stack()s.extend([1,2,3])codeflash_output=s.empty()# 424ns -> 368ns (15.2% faster)s.pop()s.pop()s.pop()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 198ns -> 208ns (4.81% slower)deftest_stack_with_various_types():"""Test that a stack with mixed types is not empty."""s=Stack(1,"a",None, [], {})codeflash_output=s.empty()# 442ns -> 392ns (12.8% faster)# -------------------------# 3. Large Scale Test Cases# -------------------------deftest_large_stack_not_empty():"""Test that a stack with 1000 elements is not empty."""s=Stack(*range(1000))codeflash_output=s.empty()# 507ns -> 383ns (32.4% faster)deftest_large_stack_becomes_empty():"""Test that popping all elements from a large stack makes it empty."""s=Stack(*range(1000))for_inrange(1000):s.pop()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 442ns -> 336ns (31.5% faster)deftest_large_stack_clear():"""Test that clear() on a large stack makes it empty."""s=Stack(*range(1000))s.clear()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 417ns -> 367ns (13.6% faster)deftest_large_stack_del_slice():"""Test that deleting all elements via slice on a large stack makes it empty."""s=Stack(*range(1000))dels[:]codeflash_output=s.empty()# 429ns -> 350ns (22.6% faster)deftest_large_stack_partial_pop():"""Test that popping some elements from a large stack does not make it empty until all are removed."""s=Stack(*range(1000))for_inrange(999):s.pop()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 138μs -> 113μs (21.9% faster)s.pop()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 153ns -> 159ns (3.77% slower)# -------------------------# Additional Edge Cases# -------------------------deftest_empty_stack_after_multiple_operations():"""Test that a stack returns to empty after several push/pop operations."""s=Stack()foriinrange(10):s.append(i)for_inrange(10):s.pop()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 485ns -> 413ns (17.4% faster)deftest_stack_after_insert_and_remove():"""Test stack after inserting and removing elements."""s=Stack()s.insert(0,'x')codeflash_output=s.empty()# 431ns -> 388ns (11.1% faster)s.remove('x')codeflash_output=s.empty()# 222ns -> 187ns (18.7% faster)deftest_stack_with_duplicate_elements():"""Test that a stack with duplicate elements is not empty."""s=Stack(1,1,1)codeflash_output=s.empty()# 424ns -> 392ns (8.16% faster)deftest_stack_repr_and_empty():"""Test that __repr__ does not affect empty()."""s=Stack()repr(s)codeflash_output=s.empty()# 447ns -> 417ns (7.19% faster)s.append(5)repr(s)codeflash_output=s.empty()# 233ns -> 197ns (18.3% faster)deftest_stack_len_consistency():"""Test that len(s) == 0 iff s.empty() is True."""s=Stack()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 448ns -> 381ns (17.6% faster)s.append(1)codeflash_output=s.empty()# 226ns -> 199ns (13.6% faster)s.pop()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 148ns -> 145ns (2.07% faster)# codeflash_output is used to check that the output of the original code is the same as that of the optimized code.#------------------------------------------------fromtypingimportList,TypeVar# importsimportpytest# used for our unit testsfromguardrails.classes.generic.stackimportStackT=TypeVar("T")fromguardrails.classes.generic.stackimportStack# unit tests# -------------------------------# Basic Test Cases# -------------------------------deftest_empty_on_new_stack():"""Test that a newly created stack is empty."""s=Stack()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 467ns -> 398ns (17.3% faster)deftest_empty_after_push():"""Test that a stack with one item is not empty."""s=Stack()s.append(1)codeflash_output=s.empty()# 471ns -> 370ns (27.3% faster)deftest_empty_after_push_and_pop():"""Test that a stack is empty after pushing and popping one item."""s=Stack()s.append("a")s.pop()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 500ns -> 387ns (29.2% faster)deftest_empty_with_multiple_elements():"""Test that a stack with multiple elements is not empty."""s=Stack()foriinrange(5):s.append(i)codeflash_output=s.empty()# 449ns -> 401ns (12.0% faster)# -------------------------------# Edge Test Cases# -------------------------------deftest_empty_after_clear():"""Test that a stack is empty after clearing."""s=Stack()foriinrange(3):s.append(i)s.clear()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 480ns -> 399ns (20.3% faster)deftest_empty_after_pop_to_empty():"""Test popping all elements one by one makes stack empty."""s=Stack()foriinrange(3):s.append(i)s.pop()s.pop()s.pop()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 454ns -> 419ns (8.35% faster)deftest_empty_on_stack_with_none():"""Test stack with None as an element is not empty."""s=Stack()s.append(None)codeflash_output=s.empty()# 458ns -> 394ns (16.2% faster)deftest_empty_on_stack_with_false():"""Test stack with False as an element is not empty."""s=Stack()s.append(False)codeflash_output=s.empty()# 471ns -> 405ns (16.3% faster)deftest_empty_on_stack_with_empty_string():"""Test stack with empty string as an element is not empty."""s=Stack()s.append("")codeflash_output=s.empty()# 458ns -> 406ns (12.8% faster)deftest_empty_on_stack_with_empty_list():"""Test stack with empty list as an element is not empty."""s=Stack()s.append([])codeflash_output=s.empty()# 473ns -> 401ns (18.0% faster)deftest_empty_on_stack_with_zero():"""Test stack with 0 as an element is not empty."""s=Stack()s.append(0)codeflash_output=s.empty()# 481ns -> 382ns (25.9% faster)deftest_empty_on_stack_with_multiple_data_types():"""Test stack with mixed types is not empty."""s=Stack()s.append(1)s.append("a")s.append(None)s.append([])codeflash_output=s.empty()# 475ns -> 372ns (27.7% faster)deftest_empty_on_stack_initialized_with_args():"""Test stack initialized with arguments is not empty."""s=Stack(1,2,3)codeflash_output=s.empty()# 466ns -> 389ns (19.8% faster)deftest_empty_on_stack_initialized_with_no_args():"""Test stack initialized with no arguments is empty."""s=Stack()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 446ns -> 398ns (12.1% faster)deftest_empty_after_del_all_elements():"""Test stack is empty after deleting all elements by index."""s=Stack()foriinrange(4):s.append(i)dels[:]codeflash_output=s.empty()# 459ns -> 402ns (14.2% faster)deftest_empty_after_slice_assignment_to_empty():"""Test stack is empty after slice assignment to empty list."""s=Stack()s.extend([1,2,3])s[:]= []codeflash_output=s.empty()# 450ns -> 389ns (15.7% faster)# -------------------------------# Large Scale Test Cases# -------------------------------deftest_empty_large_stack_not_empty():"""Test that a large stack is not empty."""s=Stack()s.extend(range(1000))codeflash_output=s.empty()# 518ns -> 393ns (31.8% faster)deftest_empty_large_stack_after_clear():"""Test that a large stack is empty after being cleared."""s=Stack()s.extend(range(1000))s.clear()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 458ns -> 400ns (14.5% faster)deftest_empty_large_stack_pop_all():"""Test that popping all elements from a large stack makes it empty."""s=Stack()s.extend(range(1000))for_inrange(1000):s.pop()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 436ns -> 397ns (9.82% faster)deftest_empty_large_stack_pop_some():"""Test that popping some elements from a large stack does not make it empty."""s=Stack()s.extend(range(1000))for_inrange(500):s.pop()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 515ns -> 372ns (38.4% faster)deftest_empty_large_stack_with_various_types():"""Test that a large stack with mixed types is not empty."""s=Stack()foriinrange(500):s.append(i)s.append(str(i))codeflash_output=s.empty()# 515ns -> 358ns (43.9% faster)# -------------------------------# Additional Edge Cases# -------------------------------deftest_empty_after_multiple_clear_and_push():"""Test stack after multiple clear and push operations."""s=Stack()s.append(1)s.clear()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 470ns -> 410ns (14.6% faster)s.append(2)codeflash_output=s.empty()# 207ns -> 200ns (3.50% faster)s.clear()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 161ns -> 147ns (9.52% faster)deftest_empty_after_extend_and_remove_all():"""Test stack after extend and removing all elements."""s=Stack()s.extend([1,2,3,4])whiles:s.pop()codeflash_output=s.empty()# 465ns -> 359ns (29.5% faster)# codeflash_output is used to check that the output of the original code is the same as that of the optimized code.
⏪ Replay Tests and Runtime
Test File::Test FunctionOriginal ⏱️Optimized ⏱️Speedup
test_pytest_testsunit_teststest_guard_log_py_testsintegration_teststest_guard_py_testsunit_testsvalidator__replay_test_0.py::test_guardrails_classes_generic_stack_Stack_empty66.6μs56.5μs17.9%✅

To edit these changesgit checkout codeflash/optimize-Stack.empty-mh1rpa8o and push.

Codeflash

The optimized code achieves a **20% speedup** by replacing `len(self) == 0` with `not self` in the `empty()` method. This optimization leverages Python's built-in truthiness evaluation mechanism.**Key Performance Improvement:**- `len(self) == 0` requires calling the `len()` function, which internally calls `__len__()` on the list, counts all elements, and then performs an equality comparison- `not self` directly uses the list's `__bool__()` method (inherited from the built-in `list` class), which returns `False` immediately if the list is empty without counting elements**Why This Works:**In Python, `not self` on a list object is equivalent to checking if the list is empty, but it's implemented at a lower level in the interpreter. The `__bool__()` method for lists simply checks if the first element exists rather than counting all elements, making it more efficient than `len()`.**Performance Characteristics:**The optimization shows consistent improvements across all test scenarios:- **Empty stacks**: 17-32% faster (best case scenarios)- **Small stacks (1-5 elements)**: 9-28% faster - **Large stacks (1000+ elements)**: 31-44% faster (most significant gains)- **Edge cases with falsy values**: 12-26% fasterThe performance gain is particularly pronounced with larger stacks because `len()` has to traverse or maintain a count of all elements, while `not self` only needs to check for the existence of any element.
@codeflash-aicodeflash-aibot added the ⚡️ codeflashOptimization PR opened by Codeflash AI labelOct 22, 2025
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