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[symfony#2465] Proofreading new environment, front controller, kernel doc
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‎cookbook/configuration/front_controllers_and_kernel.rst‎

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single: How front controller, ``AppKernel`` and environments
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work together
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Understanding how Front Controller, Kernel and Environments work together
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=========================================================================
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Understanding howtheFront Controller, Kernel and Environments work together
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=============================================================================
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The section:doc:`/cookbook/configuration/environments`
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explained the basics on how Symfony uses environments to run your
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application with different configuration settings. This section will
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explain a bit more in-depth what happens when your application is
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bootstrapped. To hook into this process, you need to understand three
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parts that work together:
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The section:doc:`/cookbook/configuration/environments` explained the basics
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on how Symfony uses environments to run your application with different configuration
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settings. This section will explain a bit more in-depth what happens when
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your application is bootstrapped. To hook into this process, you need to understand
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three parts that work together:
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* Thefront controller
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* The``Kernel` class
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* Theenvironment
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*`TheFront Controller`_
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*`The Kernel Class`_
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*`TheEnvironments`_
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..note::
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Usually, you will not need to define your own front controller or
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``AppKernel`` as the `Symfony 2 Standard Edition`_ provides
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``AppKernel``classas the `Symfony2 Standard Edition`_ provides
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sensible default implementations.
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This documentation section is providedfor completeness to
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explain what is going on behindthe scenes.
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This documentation section is providedto explain what is going on behind
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the scenes.
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The Front Controller
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--------------------
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The front controller
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====================
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The`front controller`_ is a well-known design pattern; it is a section of
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code that *all* requests served by an application run through.
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The `front controller`_ is a well-known design pattern; it is a
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section of code that *all* requests served by an application run
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through.
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In the `Symfony 2 Standard Edition`_, this role is taken by the
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``app.php``_ and ``app_dev.php``_ files in the ``web/`` directory.
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These are the very first PHP scripts executed when a request is
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processed.
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In the `Symfony2 Standard Edition`_, this role is taken by the `app.php`_
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and `app_dev.php`_ files in the ``web/`` directory. These are the very
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first PHP scripts executed when a request is processed.
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The main purpose of the front controller is to create an instance of the
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``AppKernel`` (more on that in a second), make it handle the request
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used to perform global initializations prior to setting up the kernel or
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to *`decorate`_* the kernel with additional features. Examples include:
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* Configure the autoloader or add additional autoloading mechanisms
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* Add HTTP level caching by wrapping the kernel with an instance of
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:doc:`AppCache</book/http_cache#symfony2-reverse-proxy>`
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* Enabling the `Debug component`_
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* Configuring the autoloader or adding additional autoloading mechanisms;
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* Adding HTTP level caching by wrapping the kernel with an instance of
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:ref:`AppCache<symfony-gateway-cache>`;
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When using Apache and the `RewriteRule shipped with the
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Standard Edition`_, the front controller can be chosen by requesting
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URLs like::
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The front controller can be chosen by requesting URLs like:
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..code-block::text
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http://localhost/app_dev.php/some/path/...
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As you can see, this URL contains the PHP script to be used as
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the front controller. You can use that to easily switch the front
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controller or use a custom one by placing it in the ``web/`` directory.
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If the front controller file is missing from the URL, the RewriteRule
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will use ``app.php`` as the default one.
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As you can see, this URL contains the PHP script to be used as the front
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controller. You can use that to easily switch the front controller or use
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a custom one by placing it in the ``web/`` directory (e.g. ``app_cache.php``).
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When using Apache and the `RewriteRule shipped with the Standard Edition`_,
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you can omit the filename from the URL and the RewriteRule will use ``app.php``
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as the default one.
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..note::
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Pretty much every other web server should be able to achieve a
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behavior similar to that of the RewriteRule described above.
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Check your server documentation for details.
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Check your server documentation for details or see
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:doc:`/cookbook/configuration/web_server_configuration`.
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..note::
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Make sure you appropriately
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secure your front controllers against unauthorized access.
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Make sure you appropriately secure your front controllers against unauthorized
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access. For example, you don't want to make a debugging environment
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available to arbitrary users in your production environment.
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For example, you don't want to make a debugging environment
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available to arbitraty users in your production environment.
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Technically, the `app/console`_ script used when running Symfony on the command
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line is also a front controller, only that is not used for web, but for command
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line requests.
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Technically, the ``app/console``_ used when running
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Symfony on the command line is also a front controller,
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only that is not used for web, but for command line requests.
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The ``AppKernel``
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=================
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The Kernel Class
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----------------
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The:class:`Symfony\\Component\\HttpKernel\\Kernel` is the core of
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Symfony2. It is responsible for setting up all the bundles that make up
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your application and providing them with the application's
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configuration. It then creates the service container before serving
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requests in its
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your application and providing them with the application's configuration.
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It then creates the service container before serving requests in its
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:method:`Symfony\\Component\\HttpKernel\\HttpKernelInterface::handle`
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method.
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and thus serve as `template methods`_:
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*:method:`Symfony\\Component\\HttpKernel\\KernelInterface::registerBundles`,
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which must return an array of all bundles needed to run the
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application;
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which must return an array of all bundles needed to run the
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application;
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*:method:`Symfony\\Component\\HttpKernel\\KernelInterface::registerContainerConfiguration`,
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which loads the application configuration.
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which loads the application configuration.
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To fill these (small) blanks, your application needs to subclass the
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Kernel and implement these methods. The resulting class is
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conventionally called the ``AppKernel``.
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Again, the Symfony2 Standard Edition provides an `AppKernel`_ in
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the
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``app/`` directory. This class
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uses the name of the environment, which is passed to the Kernel's
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:method:`constructor<Symfony\\Component\\HttpKernel\\Kernel::__construct>`
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and is available via
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:method:`Symfony\\Component\\HttpKernel\\Kernel::getEnvironment`,
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to decide which bundles to create. The logic for that is in
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``registerBundles()``, a method meant to be extended by you when you
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start adding bundles to your application.
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Kernel and implement these methods. The resulting class is conventionally
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called the ``AppKernel``.
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Again, the Symfony2 Standard Edition provides an `AppKernel`_ in the ``app/``
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directory. This class uses the name of the environment - which is passed to
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the Kernel's:method:`constructor<Symfony\\Component\\HttpKernel\\Kernel::__construct>`
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method and is available via:method:`Symfony\\Component\\HttpKernel\\Kernel::getEnvironment` -
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to decide which bundles to create. The logic for that is in ``registerBundles()``,
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a method meant to be extended by you when you start adding bundles to your
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application.
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You are, of course, free to create your own, alternative or additional
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``AppKernel`` variants. All you need is to adapt your (or add a new) front
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controller is able to create an instance of the appropriate
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kernel.
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Having different ``AppKernels`` might be useful to enable different
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front controllers (on potentially different servers) to run parts of
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your application independently (for example, the admin UI,
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the frontend UI and database migrations).
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Having different ``AppKernels`` might be useful to enable different front
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controllers (on potentially different servers) to run parts of your application
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independently (for example, the admin UI, the frontend UI and database migrations).
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..note::
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There's a lot more the ``AppKernel`` can be used for,
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for example:doc:`overriding the default
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directory structure
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</cookbook/configuration /override_dir_structure>`. But odds are
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high that you don't need to change such things on the fly by
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having several ``AppKernel`` implementations at hand.
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There's a lot more the ``AppKernel`` can be used for, for example
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:doc:`overriding the default directory structure</cookbook/configuration/override_dir_structure>`.
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But odds are high that you don't need to change things like this on the
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fly by having several ``AppKernel`` implementations.
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Theenvironments
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================
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TheEnvironments
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----------------
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We just mentioned another method the ``AppKernel`` has to implement -
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:method:`Symfony\\Component\\HttpKernel\\KernelInterface::registerContainerConfiguration`.
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Environments have been covered extensively
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:doc:`in the previous chapter</cookbook/configuration/environments>`,
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and you probably remember that the Standard Edition comes with three
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of them - ``dev``, ``prod`` and ``test``.
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and you probably remember that the Standard Edition comes with three
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of them - ``dev``, ``prod`` and ``test``.
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More technically, these names are nothing more than strings passed
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from the front controller to the ``AppKernel``'s constructor. This
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name can then be used in
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:method:`Symfony\\Component\\HttpKernel\\KernelInterface::registerContainerConfiguration`
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More technically, these names are nothing more than strings passed from the
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front controller to the ``AppKernel``'s constructor. This name can then be
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used in the:method:`Symfony\\Component\\HttpKernel\\KernelInterface::registerContainerConfiguration`
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method to decide which configuration files to load.
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The Standard
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Edition's ``AppKernel``_ class implements this method by
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simply loading the ``app/config/config_*environment*.yml`` file. You
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are, of course, free to implement this method differently if you need
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a more sophisticated way of loading your configuration.
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The Standard Edition's `AppKernel`_ class implements this method by simply
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loading the ``app/config/config_*environment*.yml`` file. You are, of course,
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free to implement this method differently if you need a more sophisticated
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way of loading your configuration.
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.. _front controller:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_Controller_pattern
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.._Symfony 2 Standard Edition:https://github.com/symfony/symfony-standard
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.._Symfony2 Standard Edition:https://github.com/symfony/symfony-standard
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.. _app.php:https://github.com/symfony/symfony-standard/blob/master/web/app.php
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.. _app_dev.php:https://github.com/symfony/symfony-standard/blob/master/web/app_dev.php
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.. _app/console:https://github.com/symfony/symfony-standard/blob/master/app/console
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.. _AppKernel:https://github.com/symfony/symfony-standard/blob/master/app/AppKernel.php
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.. _decorate:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decorator_pattern
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.. _Debug Component:https://github.com/symfony/symfony/pull/7441
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.. _RewriteRule shipped with the Standard Edition:https://github.com/symfony/symfony-standard/blob/master/web/.htaccess)
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.. _template methods:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_method_pattern

‎cookbook/configuration/index.rst‎

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:maxdepth:2
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environments
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front_controllers_and_kernel
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override_dir_structure
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front_controllers_and_kernel
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external_parameters
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pdo_session_storage
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apache_router

‎cookbook/map.rst.inc‎

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* :doc:`/cookbook/configuration/environments`
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* :doc:`/cookbook/configuration/override_dir_structure`
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* :doc:`/cookbook/configuration/front_controllers_and_kernel`
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* :doc:`/cookbook/configuration/external_parameters`
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* :doc:`/cookbook/configuration/pdo_session_storage`
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* :doc:`/cookbook/configuration/apache_router`

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