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Credits(CRDS) - An Evolving Currency For An Evolving Society
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Credits-CRDS/Credits
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Copyright (c) 2017 Credits Developers
- Coin Suffix: CRDS
- PoW Mining Algorithm: Argon2d
- PoW Difficulty Algorithm: DELTA
- PoW Period: ~36 years
- PoW Target Spacing: 128 Seconds
- PoW Reward per Block: See Below
- Maturity: 10 Blocks
- PoW Blocks: ~675 per day
- Masternode Collateral Amount: 500 CRDS
- Masternode Min Confirmation: 16 Blocks
- Masternode Reward: See Below
- Total Coins: 95,000,000 (~36 Years)
- Min TX Fee: 0.0001 CRDS
Credits uses peer-to-peer technology to operate securly with no central authority (decentralisation): managing transactions and issuing currency (CRDS) are carried out collectively by the Credits network. Credits is the name of open source software which enables the use of the currency CRDS.
Credits utilises Masternodes, Privatesend and InstantSend to provide anonymous and near instant transaction confirmations.
Credits implements Gavin Andresens signature cache optimisation from Bitcoin for significantly faster transaction validation.
Masternode/Privatesend Network InformationUtilisation of InstantSend for near-instant transactions and PrivateSend for anonymous transactions.
MainNet ParametersP2P Port = 31000RPC Port = 31050Masternodes = 31000Magic Bytes: 0x3f 0x42 0x55 0x61
TestNet ParametersP2P Port = 31400RPC Port = 31450Masternodes = 31400Magic Bytes: 0x2f 0x32 0x15 0x40
RegTest ParametersP2P Port = 31500RPC Port = 31550Masternodes = 31500Magic Bytes = 0x2f 0x32 0x15 0x3f
Rewards Structure
Years | Blocks | PoW | Masternodes |
---|---|---|---|
0-1 | 0 - 246544 | 10CRDS | 1CRDS |
1-2 | 246545 - 493088 | 10CRDS | 1CRDS |
2-3 | 493089 - 739631 | 9CRDS | 2CRDS |
3-4 | 739632 - 986175 | 9CRDS | 2CRDS |
4-5 | 986176 - 1232719 | 8CRDS | 3CRDS |
5-6 | 1232720 - 1479263 | 8CRDS | 3CRDS |
6-7 | 1479264 - 1725806 | 7CRDS | 4CRDS |
7-8 | 1725807 - 1972350 | 7CRDS | 4CRDS |
8-9 | 1972351 - 2218894 | 6CRDS | 5CRDS |
9-10 | 2218895 - 2465438 | 6CRDS | 5CRDS |
10-11 | 2465439 - 2711981 | 5CRDS | 6CRDS |
11-12 | 2711982 - 2958525 | 5CRDS | 6CRDS |
12-13 | 2958526 - 3205069 | 4CRDS | 7CRDS |
13-14 | 3205070 - 3451613 | 4CRDS | 7CRDS |
14-15 | 3451614 - 3698156 | 3CRDS | 8CRDS |
15-16 | 3698156 - 3944700 | 3CRDS | 8CRDS |
16-17 | 3944701 - 4191244 | 2CRDS | 9CRDS |
17-18 | 4191245 - 4437788 | 2CRDS | 9CRDS |
18-19 | 4437789 - 4684331 | 1CRDS | 10CRDS |
19-20 | 4684332 - 4930875 | 1CRDS | 10CRDS |
20-21 | 4930876 - 5177419 | 1CRDS | 10CRDS |
21-22 | 5177420 - 5423963 | 1CRDS | 10CRDS |
22-23 | 5423964 - 5670506 | 1CRDS | 10CRDS |
23-24 | 5670507 - 5917050 | 1CRDS | 10CRDS |
24-25 | 5917051 - 6163594 | 1CRDS | 10CRDS |
25-26 | 6163595 - 6410138 | 1CRDS | 10CRDS |
26-27 | 6410139 - 6656681 | 1CRDS | 10CRDS |
27-28 | 6656682 - 6903225 | 1CRDS | 10CRDS |
28-30 | 6903226 - 7149769 | 1CRDS | 10CRDS |
30-31 | 7149770 - 7396313 | 1CRDS | 10CRDS |
31-32 | 7396314 - 7642856 | 1CRDS | 10CRDS |
32-33 | 7642857 - 7889400 | 1CRDS | 10CRDS |
33-34 | 7889401 - 8135944 | 1CRDS | 10CRDS |
34-35 | 8135945 - 8382488 | 1CRDS | 10CRDS |
35-36 | 8382489 - 8629031 | 1CRDS | 10CRDS |
Some notes on how to build Credits in Unix.
Always use absolute paths to configure and compile Credits and the dependencies,for example, when specifying the the path of the dependency:
../dist/configure --enable-cxx --disable-shared --with-pic --prefix=$BDB_PREFIX
Here BDB_PREFIX must absolute path - it is defined using $(pwd) which ensuresthe usage of the absolute path.
./autogen.sh./configuremakemake install# optional
This will build credits-qt as well if the dependencies are met.
These dependencies are required:
Library | Purpose | Description |
---|---|---|
libssl | SSL Support | Secure communications |
libboost | Boost | C++ Library |
libevent | Networking | OS independent asynchronous networking |
Optional dependencies:
Library | Purpose | Description |
---|---|---|
miniupnpc | UPnP Support | Firewall-jumping support |
libdb4.8 | Berkeley DB | Wallet storage (only needed when wallet enabled) |
qt | GUI | GUI toolkit (only needed when GUI enabled) |
protobuf | Payments in GUI | Data interchange format used for payment protocol (only needed when GUI enabled) |
libqrencode | QR codes in GUI | Optional for generating QR codes (only needed when GUI enabled) |
libzmq3 | ZMQ notification | Optional, allows generating ZMQ notifications (requires ZMQ version >= 4.x) |
For the versions used in the release, seerelease-process.md underFetch and build inputs.
C++ compilers are memory-hungry. It is recommended to have at least 3 GB ofmemory available when compiling Credits.
Build requirements:
sudo apt-get install build-essential libtool automake autotools-dev autoconf pkg-config libssl-dev libcrypto++-dev libevent-dev git
for Ubuntu 12.04 and later or Debian 7 and later libboost-all-dev has to be installed:
sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev
db4.8 packages are availablehere.You can add the repository using the following command:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bitcoin/bitcoin sudo apt-get update
Ubuntu 12.04 and later have packages for libdb5.1-dev and libdb5.1++-dev,but using these will break binary wallet compatibility, and is not recommended.
for Debian 7 (Wheezy) and later:The oldstable repository contains db4.8 packages.Add the following line to /etc/apt/sources.list,replacing [mirror] with any official debian mirror.
deb http://[mirror]/debian/ oldstable main
To enable the change run
sudo apt-get update
for other Debian & Ubuntu (with ppa):
sudo apt-get install libdb4.8-dev libdb4.8++-dev
Optional (see --with-miniupnpc and --enable-upnp-default):
sudo apt-get install libminiupnpc-dev
ZMQ dependencies (provides ZMQ API 4.x):
sudo apt-get install libzmq3-dev
If you want to build Credits-Qt, make sure that the required packages for Qt developmentare installed. Qt 5 is necessary to build the GUI.If both Qt 4 and Qt 5 are installed, Qt 5 will be used. Pass--with-gui=qt5
to configure to choose Qt5.To build without GUI pass--without-gui
.
For Qt 5 you need the following:
sudo apt-get install libqt5gui5 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5 qttools5-dev qttools5-dev-tools libprotobuf-dev protobuf-compiler libcrypto++-dev
libqrencode (optional) can be installed with:
sudo apt-get install libqrencode-dev
Once these are installed, they will be found by configure and a credits-qt executable will bebuilt by default.
The release is built with GCC and then "strip creditsd" to strip the debugsymbols, which reduces the executable size by about 90%.
miniupnpc may be used for UPnP port mapping. It can be downloaded fromhere. UPnP support is compiled in andturned off by default. See the configure options for upnp behavior desired:
--without-miniupnpc No UPnP support miniupnp not required--disable-upnp-default (the default) UPnP support turned off by default at runtime--enable-upnp-default UPnP support turned on by default at runtime
To build:
tar -xzvf miniupnpc-1.6.tar.gzcd miniupnpc-1.6makesudo sumake install
It is recommended to use Berkeley DB 4.8. If you have to build it yourself:
CREDITS_ROOT=$(pwd)# Pick some path to install BDB to, here we create a directory within the credits directoryBDB_PREFIX="${CREDITS_ROOT}/db4"mkdir -p$BDB_PREFIX# Fetch the source and verify that it is not tampered withwget'http://download.oracle.com/berkeley-db/db-4.8.30.NC.tar.gz'echo'12edc0df75bf9abd7f82f821795bcee50f42cb2e5f76a6a281b85732798364ef db-4.8.30.NC.tar.gz'| sha256sum -c# -> db-4.8.30.NC.tar.gz: OKtar -xzvf db-4.8.30.NC.tar.gz# Build the library and install to our prefixcd db-4.8.30.NC/build_unix/# Note: Do a static build so that it can be embedded into the exectuable, instead of having to find a .so at runtime../dist/configure --prefix=/usr/local --enable-cxxmake sudo make install# Configure Credits to use our own-built instance of BDBcd$CREDITS_ROOT./configure (other args...) LDFLAGS="-L${BDB_PREFIX}/lib/" CPPFLAGS="-I${BDB_PREFIX}/include/"
Note: You only need Berkeley DB if the wallet is enabled (see the sectionDisable-Wallet mode below).
If you need to build Boost yourself:
sudo su./bootstrap.sh./bjam install
To help make your Credits installation more secure by making certain attacks impossible toexploit even if a vulnerability is found, binaries are hardened by default.This can be disabled with:
Hardening Flags:
./configure --enable-hardening./configure --disable-hardening
Hardening enables the following features:
Position Independent ExecutableBuild position independent code to take advantage of Address Space Layout Randomizationoffered by some kernels. An attacker who is able to cause execution of code at an arbitrarymemory location is thwarted if he doesn't know where anything useful is located.The stack and heap are randomly located by default but this allows the code section to berandomly located as well.
On an Amd64 processor where a library was not compiled with -fPIC, this will cause an errorsuch as: "relocation R_X86_64_32 against `......' can not be used when making a shared object;"
To test that you have built PIE executable, install scanelf, part of paxutils, and use:
scanelf -e ./creditsd
The output should contain:TYPEET_DYN
Non-executable StackIf the stack is executable then trivial stack based buffer overflow exploits are possible ifvulnerable buffers are found. By default, credits should be built with a non-executable stackbut if one of the libraries it uses asks for an executable stack or someone makes a mistakeand uses a compiler extension which requires an executable stack, it will silently build anexecutable without the non-executable stack protection.
To verify that the stack is non-executable after compiling use:
scanelf -e ./creditsd
the output should contain:STK/REL/PTLRW- R-- RW-
The STK RW- means that the stack is readable and writeable but not executable.
When the intention is to run only a P2P node without a wallet, credits may be compiled indisable-wallet mode with:
./configure --disable-wallet
In this case there is no dependency on Berkeley DB 4.8.
Mining is also possible in disable-wallet mode, but only using thegetblocktemplate
RPC call.
For increased performance when mining, AVX2 optimisations can be enabled.
Prior to running the build commands:
CPPFLAGS=-march=native
CPU's with AVX2 support:
Intel Haswell processor, Q2 2013 Haswell E processor, Q3 2014 Broadwell processor, Q4 2014 Broadwell E processor, Q3 2016 Skylake processor, Q3 2015 Kaby Lake processor, Q3 2016(ULV mobile)/Q1 2017(desktop/mobile) Coffee Lake processor, expected in 2017 Cannonlake processor, expected in 2017AMD Carrizo processor, Q2 2015 Ryzen processor, Q1 2017
Qt Wallet and Deamon, CLI version build:
./autogen.sh && ./configure --with-gui && make
CLI and Deamon Only Buld:
./autogen.sh && ./configure --without-gui && make