Thuringia
v5.0 Updated07 January 2025
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.2
Chapter 1. EARLYDUKES (KINGS) of THURINGIA.3
Chapter 2. LANDGRAFENof THURINGIA [1123]-1247.11
A. ORIGINS..11
B. LANDGRAFENof THURINGIA..19
Chapter 3. LANDGRAFENof THURINGIA 1247-1349.33
Chapter 3. DUKESof SAXONY (WETTIN)34
A. DUKESof SAXONY, HERZÖGE von SACHSEN-ALTENBURG..34
B. HERZÖGEvon SACHSEN-WEIMAR, from 1741 HERZÖGE von SACHSEN-WEIMAR-EISENACH..40
C. GROßHERZÖGEvon SACHSEN 1815-1918.47
D. HERZÖGEvon SACHSEN-EISENACH..52
E. HERZÖGEvon SACHSEN-GOTHA..55
F. HERZÖGEvon SACHSEN-MEININGEN 1681-1918.63
G. HERZÖGEvon SACHSEN-HILDBURGHAUSEN, HERZÖGE von SACHSEN-ALTENBURG 1826-1918 71
H. HERZÖGEvon SACHSEN-SAALFELD-COBURG, HERZÖGE von SACHSEN-COBURG und GOTHA 1826-1918.79
Thuringia was the area which lay to theeast of the Merovingian kingdom of Austrasia. Kings of Thuringia in the 5thcentury are named by Gregory of Tours, who also records that the Merovingiankings Theoderic I and Clotaire I invaded and conquered the territory in 531. The chronicle known as Fredegar records that King Dagobert I installed Radulfas duke to rule Thuringia and that by the mid-7th century he had rebelled and reassertedthe territory's independence. After King Sigebert defeated duke Radulf, Thuringia was governed by dukes from Würzburg.
There follows a gap in our knowledge of thehistory of Thuringia until the mid-8th century, although onomastics suggest afamily connection between the dukes at that time and the earlier rulers. Inthe late 9th century, Poppo from the family of the Franconian "alten"Babenberger was installed briefly as duke in Thuringia by Emperor Arnulf. His successors were driven from Thuringia in 913, and another longgap in our detailed knowledge of the territory's history and rulers follows. Presumably Thuringia was at the time under the influence of Bavaria to thesouth, but this is not certain. In any case, the absence of information incontemporary chronicles suggests that little attention was paid to the areaover the next couple of centuries.
The recorded history of Thuringia resumesin the early 11th century. Reconstruction of the family of the early countsand Landgrafen of Thuringia is heavily dependent on records written in themid-13th century at the monastery of Reinhardsbrunn, which was founded by GrafLudwig "der Springer" in the late 11th century. The early parts oftheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis must be considered suspect as thechronicle includes the alleged confirmation by Emperor Konrad IIof the privileges of Graf Ludwig "Cum-barba" as count in Thuringia,a document which is purportedly dated 1039 but which was a later 12th centuryforgery[2]. According to the shorterHistoria Brevis Principum Thuringiæ, which ispresumably based on theCronica and may have been written by the sameauthor, Ludwig "Cum-barba" was "de Karoli et Ludewici regumFrancorum stirpe oriundus". The same source states that Gisela, wife of Emperor Konrad II was "consanguineam" of this first Ludwig. Thisstatement is repeated in more detail in theCronica. Empress Gisela was the daughter of Hermann II Duke of Swabia, from the Konradinerfamily of Franconia. Her known descent from the Carolingian French kings wasthrough her maternal grandmother, Mathilde daughter of Louis IV "d'Outremer" King of the West Franks, who was the second wife of Conrad I King ofBurgundy. TheCronica also records the origin of Graf Ludwig as "exFrancia oriundi Cis Renum", presumably indicating that he was from theleft bank of the Rhine either in Lotharingia or further west in France itself. It also states that he and his brother arrived in Thuringia in 1034. The statements in these sources are unverifiable as no other source so faridentified gives any further information about Ludwig's origin or thecircumstances of his arrival in Thuringia. A further line of enquiry is,however, suggested by Graf Ludwig naming one of his sons Berengar, a nameoccurring in northern Lotharingia in the 9th and 10th centuries, although anyconclusions based solely on onomastics would be speculative.
It is likely that Ludwig"Cum-barba" did have an aristocratic background. His burial at MainzSt Alban, the burial place of numerous German nobles, suggests that his familywas well connected. In addition, the family quickly rose to prominence in Thuringia, his grandson being appointed Landgraf in 1131. This rise to power is difficultto understand unless the family had influential relatives.
It would be easy to dismiss theCronicaas a late invention by a monk who wished to glorify the ancestry of the founderof his monastery. However, the author does not hold his punches elsewhere inthe text. He is hardly complementary about the family when he records that theson of Graf Ludwig "Cum-barba" murdered his wife's first husband sothat he could marry her. In addition, many of the more precise genealogicaldetails in theCronica and theHistoria are corroborated byearlier sources, as will be seen in this document. It is therefore notimpossible that the Reinhardsbrunn monks had at their disposal earlier textswhich have since disappeared.
The last Landgraf of Thuringia died in1247, after which a bitter dispute broke out over the inheritance between hisniece Sophie, second wife of Henri II Duke of Brabant, andHeinrich "der Erlauchte" Markgrafvon Meissen[4]. The former claimed the territories of Hessen in Franconia, which had beenbrought into the family by the marriage of Hedwig von Gudensberg and Ludwig ILandgraf of Thuringia. However, Heinrich Markgraf von Meissen was enfeoffed byWillem II Count of Holland, anti-king of Germany, with the imperial territoriespreviously held by the last Landgraf of Thuringia in return for recognising himas king[5]. The claim of Heinrich, son of Sophie of Brabant, to the Hessian lands wasrecognised in 1264 and he was confirmed as Landgrafen in Hessen by imperialorder dated 1292. Markgraf Heinrich's successor succeeded as Landgrafen ofThuringia, the territory eventually forming part of the reconstructedelectorate of Saxony which was formed in the early 15th century.
1. BASINUS, son of --- (-after 464). King of Thuringia. Gregory of Tours specifies that Childerich King of the Franks found refuge withBasinus King of Thuringia after being deposed, dated to [456/57]. m asher first husband,BASINA, daughter of---. Gregory of Tours names Basina as wife of Basinus King of Thuringia,specifying that she deserted her first husband to join Childerich after he wasrestored as king in Gaul[7]. Assuming that Basina existed, it is unlikely that her first name is correctconsidering that it is the feminine form of her first husband's name. Shemarried secondly ([464])ChilderichI King of the Franks. The marriage date is estimated on the basis ofhow long Childerich was allegedly in exile, assuming that the date of hisdeposition is accurate, and is appears to be consistent with the estimateddates of birth of the couple's descendants.
1. FISUD [Pisen] . King of Thuringia. m---. The name of Fisud's wife is not known. Fisud & his wife had onechild:
a) RANIGUNDA [Raicunda]. TheOrigo GentisLangobardorum names "Raicundam filia Fisud regis Turingorum"as King Wacho's first wife[8]. TheHistoria Langobardorum names "Ranigunda filia Pisen regiTuringorum" as Wacho's first wife. Paulus Diaconus names the three wives of Wacho "primamRanicundam, filiam Regis Turingorum…Austrigosam, filiam regisGepidorum…tertiam…Herulorum regis filiam…Salingam". m as his first wife,WACHO King of the Lombards inPannonia, son of ZUCHILO [Unichis] of the Lombards (-540).
Three brothers, parents unknown. TheVitæSanctæ Radegundis names "Radegundis natione barbare de regioneThoringa" and her "avo rege Bessino, patruo Hermenfredo, patrerege Bertechario"[11]. However, it seems chronologically unlikely that Baderic and his brothers weresons of King Basinus, assuming that the dates shown for this family groupingare correct.
1. BADERIC . Gregory of Tours names Baderic, Hermanfrid and Berthar as threebrothers ruling over the Thuringians, specifying that he was killed in battleby his brother Hermanfred allied with Theoderic King of the Franks. TheLiber Historiæ Francorum names "Ermenfredi duofratres Baldericus et Bertecharius".
2. HERMANFRED (-Zülpich 534). Gregory of Tours names Baderic, Hermanfrid and Berthar as threebrothers ruling over the Thuringians. King of the Thuringians. TheLiberHistoriæ Francorum records that "Theudericus et Theudobertus filiuseius et Chlotharius rex" invaded Thuringia and attacked "Ermenfredumregem Toringorum", a marginal addition recording that "Teodericusfilius Clodovei ex concubina" threw "Ermenfridum regem"from a wall and killed his two sons. Gregory of Tours records that TheodericKing of the Franks and his half-brother King Clotaire I invaded Thuringia in531, deposed King Hermanfred and annexed the kingdom, specifying in a laterpassage that Hermanfred was later accidentally pushed from the top of the citywalls of Zülpich while talking to Theoderic. m ([510])AMALABERGA,daughter of [HUGA rex Francorum] & his wife Amalafrida the Ostrogoth . Iordanes names "Amalabergam" as the daughter of "Amalfridamgermanam suam [Theoderici]" and records her marriage to "Thuringorumregi…Herminefredo"[17]. Procopius records that “Hermenefrido Thoringorum regi”married "Theoderici…Amelobergam, Amalafridæ sororis suæ filiam". “Theodericus rex” wrote to “HerminafridoRegi Thuringorum” granting him “neptis” in marriage. TheWidukindi Res Gestæ Saxonicænames "Huga rex Francorum…unicam filiam Amalbergam" whomarried "Irminfredo regi Thuringorum". Gregory of Tours calls Amalaberg, wife ofHermanfrid, a "wicked and cruel woman" who sowed the seeds ofcivil war between her husband and his brother Baderic. She escaped to Ravenna with her childrenafter the Franks attacked Thuringia and killed her husband. King Hermanfred & his wife had four children:
a) two sons . TheLiber Historiæ Francorumrecords that "Theudericus et Theudobertus filius eius et Chlothariusrex" invaded Thuringia and attacked "Ermenfredum regemToringorum", a marginal addition adding that "Teodericusfilius Clodovei ex concubina" threw "Ermenfridum regem"from a wall and killed his two sons.
b) AMALAFRIDAS . Procopius records that "Amalafridus, vir Gotthus, exfilia nepos Amalafridæ sororis Theoderici Gotthorum regis et filiusHermenefridi regis Thoringorum” was deported to Byzantium with Vitigis Kingof Italy by Belisarius (in 540).
c) daughter. Procopiusrecords that "Amalafridus, vir Gotthus, ex filia nepos Amalafridæsororis Theoderici Gotthorum regis et filius Hermenefridi regisThoringorum…sororem eius” married "Anduino Langobardorum regi". TheCodex Theodosianus records that the daughter ofAmalaberga became the second wife of King Audoin. m as his second wife,AUDOIN King of the Lombards, son of ---.
3. BERTHAR . Gregory of Tours names Baderic, Hermanfrid and Berthar as threebrothers ruling over the Thuringians, specifying that Hermanfrid defeated andkilled his brother Berthar in battle. TheLiber Historiæ Francorum names "Ermenfredi duo fratresBaldericus et Bertecharius". m ---. The name ofBerthar's wife is not known. Berthar & his wife had [four or more]children:
a) sons . Gregory of Tours refers to the unnamedsons of Berthar[29].
b) RADEGUND (Erfurt 518-Poitiers 587, bur Poitiers, basiliqueSainte-Marie-hors-les-Murs). Gregory of Toursnames Radegund as the orphaned daughter of Berthar. TheVitæ Sanctæ Radegundis names "Radegundisnatione barbare de regione Thoringa" and her "avo regeBessino, patruo Hermenfredo, patre rege Bertechario". In a later passage, Gregory records that, after the Frankishinvasion of Thuringia, Radegund formed part of the booty taken home by ClotaireI King of the Franks, who later married her. The testament of Radegundis dated to [584/87] survives. Gregory of Tours records the death of St Radegund on 13 Aug. She was canonised, her feast day is 13 Aug. m (531, repudiated) as hissecond wife,CLOTAIRE I[Chlothachar/Lothar]King of the Franks,son of CLOVIS I [Chlodovech] King of the Franks & his second wifeChrotechildis [Clotilde] of Burgundy ([501/02]-Soissons [30 Nov/31 Dec] 561,bur Soissons, basilique Saint-Médard).
c) [AGNES(-after 587). Radegundis names "sororem meam Agnetem" severaltimes in her testament dated to [584/87]. It is possible that the reference is to her "sister" inthe religious sense.]
CHAMAR, son of ---. m ---. Thename of Chamar's wife is not known. Chamar & his wife had one child:
1. RADULF (-after [632/33]). Fredegar records that Dagobert I King of theFranks installed "Radulfus dux filius Chamaro" as duke inThuringia, in an undated passage but following one which deals with events inthe 12th year of the king's reign [632/633], specifying that he won manyvictories against the Wends but revolted against King Sigebert. Fredegar records that he defeated King Sigebert's army, andcalled himself king of Thuringia.
1. RADULF (-after 28 Jul 775). It is not known whether Radulf was related tothe earlier Radulf King of Thuringia but this is suggested by the name. "Carolus…rexFrancorum et Langobardorum" granted the monastery of Plaisir to Folradabbot of Saint-Denis by charter dated 28 Jul 775 which name "fidelibus…Ghaerardo,Bernardo, Radulfo, Hilderado, Ermenaldo, Hebroino, Theudbaldo, Agneonecomitibus, Haltberto, Laumberto, Haererico et Anselmo comite palatio nostro". m ---. The name ofRadulf's wife is not known. Radulf & his wife had one child:
a) FASTRADA (-Frankfurt-am-Main 10 Oct 794, bur Mainz, St Alban). TheAnnales Laurissensesrecord the marriage in 783 at Worms of King Charles and "domne Fastradæregina"[41]. Einhard's Annals record the king's marriage in 783 to "filiam Radolficomitis natione Francam, nomine Fastradam". Fastrada, wife of King Charles, is referred to as "deOrientalium Francorum, Germanorum videlicet" by Einhard. Her cruelty triggered the revolt of her husband's illegitimateson Pépin "le Bossu" in 792. TheAnnales Xantenses record the death in Frankfurt in 794of "Fastrada regina". Einhard records the death in 794 of "Fastrada regina"at Frankfurt and her burial "Mogontiaci apud sanctum Albanum". Theodulf wrote the epitaph of "Fastradæ reginæ". m(Worms Oct 783) as his third wife,CHARLESI King of the Franks, son of PEPIN "le Bref" King of theFranks & his wife Bertrada [Berta] "au Grand Pied" ([nearAix-la-Chapelle] 2 Apr [747/48]-Aix-la-Chapelle 28 Jan 814, burAix-la-Chapelle, Chapelle Sainte-Marie). He was crownedCHARLES I “Charlemagne”Emperor of the Romans in 800.
1. THANKULF . m ---. The name ofThankulf's wife is not known. Thankulf & his wife had one child:
a) HADULF . Hadulf son of Thankulf is recorded in the 820s.
1. THAKULF (-1 Aug or end Aug 873). Jackman suggests that Thakulf was thegrandson of Thankulf[50]. TheAnnales Fuldenses record that "Barbari" sentlegates to "Thaculfum" in 849, although it is unclear from the context to which "Barbarians"this refers. TheGesta Francorum records that "Thaculfum"led troops against the Slavs "in Sorabos" in 858. TheAnnales Fuldenses record the death of "Thaculfuscomes et dux Sorabici limitis" in Aug 873. TheGesta Francorum is more specific, recording the deathof "Thachulfus comes et dux Sorabici" at the end of Aug 873. However, the necrology of Fulda records the death in "873Kal Aug" of "Thacholf com". Duke in Thuringia.
2. RADULF (-[874/80]). TheAnnales Fuldenses record that "Sorabiet Siusli" attacked in 874 after the death of "Thachulfo"and that "Liutbertus archiepiscopus et Ratolfus Thaculfi successor"crossed "Salam fluvium" in Jan 874 and suppressed the revolt"sin bello"[56]. Jackman speculates that Radulf was the son of Duke Thakulf. Duke in Thuringia 874. Graf der Sorbenmark 874. TheGestaFrancorum also names "Ratolfus" as successor of Thakulf in874[58]. Radulf presumably died before 880 when theAnnales Fuldenses record that"Sclavi…Dalmatii et Behemi atque Sorabi" invaded Thuringia in880 and devastated the land around "Salam fluvium", in whichbattle "Poppo comes et dux Sorabici limitis" fought.
3. [daughter. Jackman speculates that Poppo owed his dukedom in Thuringia to having marriedthe daughter of Duke Thakulf, sister of Duke Radulf. mPOPPO[II], son of --- (-906 or after). Dux. Markgraf der Sorbenmark 892.]
POPPO[II], son of --- (-906 or after). TheAnnales Fuldenses record that "Sclavi…Dalmatii etBehemi atque Sorabi" invaded Thuringia in 880 and devastated the landaround "Salam fluvium", in which battle "Poppo comeset dux Sorabici limitis" fought, and in a later passage more specifically names "Popponefratre Heinrico et Eginone comitibus", recording that he conquered"Thuringis inferior". "Arnolfus…rex" donatedproperty "in pago Uuormazfelda in comitatu Megingaudi…in villaDechidestein" to Kloster Fulda on the proposal of "Pobbonis etDeotpoldi [comitum]" by charter dated 21 Jul 889. Marchio. Markgraf der Sorbenmark 892. "Arnolfus…rex" gave property "nuncupanteHruodeshof in pago Folchfelda in comitatu Ebonis" to "nostræFridarun" on the intervention of "Popbonis marchionis nostri"by charter dated 12 Jan 891[64]. TheAnnales Fuldenses record that "Poppo duxThuringorum" was deprived of his honours in 891. Dux. Regino records that "Popponis Thuringorum ducis" persuaded "Arat Wirziburgensisepiscopus" to campaign against the Slavs, during the course of whichthe bishop was killed in 892[66]. Reginospecifies that his dukedom was given to "Chuonrado" and soonafter to "Burchardo comitis". Graf in der bayerischen Nordgau 903. Graf im Volkfeld 906. "Hludouuicus…rex" confirmed a donationof property "in pago Folcfelda in comitatu Popponis" toKloster Fulda by charter dated [29 Jun 906].
- FRANCONIAN NOBILITY.
KONRAD, sonof [UDO Graf im Lahngau [Konradiner] & his wife Judith [Welf] im Linzgau]([845/60]-killed in battle near Fritzlar 27 Feb 906, bur Weilburg Martinskirche). Regino names "Chuonradussenior [et] frater eius Gebehardus", specifying that Konrad resided inHessen at Friedeslar[69]. Hisbirth date range estimated from other estimated birth date ranges of members ofthe family and the known dates of Konrad's own career. Regino specifiesthat the dukedom of "Boppo dux Thuringorum" was given to"Chuonrado" in 892 and soon after to "Burchardocomitis"[70].
The parentage of Burkhard has not beenconfirmed. Posse suggests that his presence in Grabfeld (see the 9 Jul 908charter cited below) suggests a connection with an earlier “Graf Burkhard” whowas recorded in two Fulda charters dated 27 Jun 857 and 23 Feb 866, who appears to have been the brother of Christian [I] Graf inGrabfeld (see the document FRANCONIA, Family of Graf Christian).
1. BURKHARD (-killed in battle Thuringia 3 Aug 908). Duke of Thuringia: Regino specifies that the dukedom of "Boppo dux Thuringorum"was given to "Chuonrado" in 892 and soon after to "Burchardocomitis"[72]. Posse links Burkhard’s 892 appointment to “die Sorbische Mark”. "Hludowicus…rex"confirmed privileges to Kloster St Gallen by charter dated 24 Jun 903 in whichamong "fidelium nostrum" was listed "Purchart marchioThuringionum"[74]. [Theconnection with Egino, with whom he was later killed (see below), suggests thatBurkhard may have been “comitum...Burchardi” in the following document:"Hludowicus…rex" donated property "in pago Palanichogein comitatu Egenonis in loco Ingilinstat" to Hatto Archbishop of Mainzafter consulting "fidelium nostrorum comitum vero Burchardi, Egenoniset Ysaac" by charter dated 8 Jun 908.] Posse indicates that the followingdocument relates to this Burkhard:King Ludwig IV granted possessions “inpago Grabfelda, in comitatu sui senioris...in loco Vualahramesuuinda” to “Purchardi...comitis...Egregii(ducis) capellano Martinus” by charter dated 9 Jul 908. Duke of Thuringia: theAnnales Alammanici recordthat "Burchardus dux Turingorum et Rudolfus episcopus Eginoque"were killed by the Hungarians in Saxony in 908. m ---. The name of Burkhard's wife is not known. Burkhard & hiswife had two children (Wenck discussed their parentage):
a) BURKHARD. Widukind names "Burghardumquoque et Bardonem, quorum alter gener regis erat", when recording theefforts of “Henrici” [the future Heinrich I King of Germany?] to expelthem from “Saxonia vel Thuringorum terra” [dated to [913]?]. “Burchardus comes” donated property to Bonn St Cassius,for the souls of “meæ...parentumque meorum atque...fratris mei KunradiFrancorum...regis”, at the request of “Waldolfi prepositi”, bycharter dated to [911/18][81]. m ---[inder Wetterau], daughter of KONRAD Graf in der Wetterau [Konradiner]& his wife Glismod ---. Her family connection and marriage are indicatedby Widukind, as indicated above. It is also indicated by her husband’s[911/18] donation cited above. Posse indicates thatBurkhard was the father ofDedi(-14 Mar 957)[82].
b) BARDO . Widukind names "Burghardum quoque et Bardonem, quorumalter gener regis erat", when recording the efforts of “Henrici”[the future Heinrich I King of Germany?] to expel them from “Saxonia velThuringorum terra” [dated to [913]?].
1. HAMZO . The Annalista Saxo names "in Halberstad vero Hamezonemeiusdem eclesie canonicum, avunculum Lodowici comitis de Thuringia". Ifavunculus is used in its strict meaning in this text,this indicates that Ludwig was the son of Hamzo's sister. Canon inHalberstadt.
2. [sister . m---.] Two children:
a) LUDWIG "Cum-barba" (-[1080], bur Mainz St Alban). TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis names "Hugonemcomitem et Ludwicum dictum Cum-barba fratrem suum" as "duosconsanguineos" of Gisela, wife of Emperor Konrad II, specifying thatthey were "ex Francia oriundi Cis Renum de…stirpe regum FrancorumKaroli et Ludewici"[85]. The precise nature of these relationships, assuming that theCronica (notgenerally reliable) is accurate in its statements, is not known. Jean-NoëlMathieu suggests that the relationship was through the family of the kings ofBurgundy, descended from Willa, wife of King Rudolf I, although he does notpropose a precise connection[86]. There appear to be too many unknown factors in positing the Carolingianancestry of the Burgundian kings to be able to consider that such a possibilityis other than highly speculative. Graf in Thuringia.
- see below.
b) HUGO . TheHistoria Brevis Principum Thuringiæ names "Hugocomes" as brother of "Ludewicus Cum-barba". m ---. The name of Hugo's wife is not known. The charter dated 10Aug 1109 under whichReinhard Bishop of Halberstadt and"dominus Milo comes" donated propertyto Kloster Hillersleben which names as present "Wichmannus comes deThuringia nepos meus"[88]shows that she was presumably the sister of Bishop Reinhard. Hugo & hiswife had one child:
i) WICHMANN . TheHistoria Brevis Principum Thuringiæ names "Wicmannus"as son of "Hugo comes", specifying that when he died his uncle"Ludewicus Cum-barba" was his heir. Reinhard Bishop of Halberstadt and"dominusMilo comes" donated property to Kloster Hillersleben by charter dated10 Aug 1109 with the consent of "uxoris sue Ludburga", namedas present "Wichmannus comes de Thuringia nepos meus".
LUDWIG"Cum-barba", son of --- (-[1080], bur Mainz St Alban). Graf in Thuringia. TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records that"Ludwicum dictum Cum-barba" came to Thuringia in 1034 andsettled "in confinio silve que Loybe dicitur inter montem Katherberg etAldinberg et Corneberg". TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis also quotes in fullan alleged grant by "Chuonradus…Romanorum imperator augustus"to "Lodewico comiti consanguineus nostris" dated 27 Apr 1039which is headed "Privilegium comitis Thuringie". In theMonumenta Germaniæ Historica compilation ofimperial diplomas, this deed is classified as forged, the introduction statingthat it was one of the Reinhardsbrunn forgeries of the second half of the 12thcentury[93]. TheHistoria Brevis Principum Thuringiæ records that "LudewicusCum-barba" was buried "Maguntie apud Sanctum Albanum".
mCÄCILIE von Sangerhausen,daughter of ---. TheHistoria Brevis Principum Thuringiæ names "Ceciliam de Sangirhusen"as the wife of "Ludewicus Cum-barba".
Graf Ludwig & his wife had five children:
1. LUDWIG "der Salier/der Springer" (-Reinhardsbrunn 1123). TheHistoriaBrevis Principum Thuringiæ names "Ludewicum et Berengerum"as the two sons of "Ludewicus Cum-barba" & his wife,specifying that Ludwig founded Reinhardsbrunn. TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records that "Ludevicocomitis" was detained in Gebechenstein in 1074, it appearing from thecontext that this refers to the son of Ludwig "Cum-barba". Graf in Thuringia. TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensisrecords that "Ludevico comitis" founded Reinhardsbrunn in 1085. Two charters, dated 11 Apr [1102/04] and [1104/09], under whichPope Paschal II confirmed the privileges of Kloster Reinhardsbrunn state that themonastery was built by"Liudowicus comes". A charter dated 10 Apr 1139 under whichPope Innocent II confirmed the privileges of Kloster Reinhardsbrunn also statesthat the monastery had been built by"Ludewicocomite"[100]. “Comes Ludowicus cum nepote suo Conrado comitis...Berngeri filio...cum uxoreeiusdem domini Ludowici Adilheida ac filiis eorundem Hermanno, Ludowico,Heinrico, Conrado, dominaque Berchtrada comitis Conradi matre” donated “ecclesiam...Sangershusen”to Reinhardsbrunn by charter dated 25 Jul 1110. "Ludowicus de Turingia comes,Arnoldus urbis comes, Sigehardus comes, Bertolfus comes, Ludewicus comes,Gozwinus comes…" witnessed the charter dated 20 Jun 1118 under whichAdalbert Archbishop of Mainz donated property "in placito Ludwicicomitis" to Kloster St Johannes auf dem Bischofsberge, after the deathof "Hildrudis vidue Wulferici ministerialis nostri". TheChronicon Gozecense recordsthe death of "senior Ludewicus apud Reinheresbrunnen" and hisburial "in basilica beatæ Dei genetricis". [m firstly (repudiated)---of Saxony, daughter of UDALRICH---. TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis recordsthe first marriage of Ludwig and "filiam ducis Saxonie Udalrici"whom he repudiated[104]. It is possible that this results from confusion with the marriage of Ludwig'seldest daughter with Marchese Ulrich from the family of the Grafen von Weimar(see below). However, the 1087 date of Ludwig's known marriage to Adelheid vonStade appears late considering the dates attributed to the career of Ludwig'sfather which would suggest that Ludwig may have been born in the range[1045/55]. It is not impossible therefore that there was an earlier marriage. It is unlikely, however, that Ludwig's first father-in-law was named"Udalrich" or "Ulrich" if the proposed Saxon origin iscorrect. There are no known cases of the use of this name among the Saxonnobility before Ulrich [I] Graf von Weimar, Marchese of Carniola. The origin ofhis name cannot be traced, presumably having been introduced into his familyeither through his paternal grandmother or his great grandmother, neither ofwhom have been identified with certainty. The name is more common among theearlier Bavarian and Swabian nobility.] m [secondly](1087) as her second husband,ADELHEIDvon Stade, widow ofFRIEDRICH[III]von Goseck, daughter of LOTHARUDO II Graf von Stade Markgraf der Nordmark & his wife Oda von Werl (-8 Octor 14 Nov 1110, bur Reinhardsbrunn). The Annalista Saxo records that the wifeof Friedrich [II] was "sororem Udonis marchionis", as well asher second marriage to "Lodewicus comes de Thuringia" who hadmurdered her first husband[105]. She is named "Adelheida" in a later passage. TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensisrecords that Ludwig "adhesit ardentius secreto" with "Adelheidiuxori Frederici comitis palatini Saxonum…Udonis marchionis de Staden filia"and that he killed her first husband in order to marry her. TheChronicon Gozecense recordsher second marriage to "Ludewico", naming their two sons. “Comes Ludowicus cum nepote suo Conrado comitis...Berngerifilio...cum uxore eiusdem domini Ludowici Adilheida ac filiis eorundemHermanno, Ludowico, Heinrico, Conrado, dominaque Berchtrada comitis Conradimatre” donated “ecclesiam...Sangershusen” to Reinhardsbrunn bycharter dated 25 Jul 1110[109]. TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records thedeath "1110 XV Kal Nov" of "Adelheidis comitissa uxorLodewici" and her burial at Reinhardsbrunn. Graf Ludwig & his [second] wife had [nine] children:
a) ADELHEID ([1087]-1146). TheHistoria Brevis Principum Thuringiæ names (in order)"Cunegundim, Ceciliam, Adelheidim" as the three daughters of"Ludewicus comes" & his wife Adelheid. TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis names "Adelheidis"as third daughter of Graf Ludwig & his wife, recording that she married"Udalrico comiti…de Wymar". The date of her marriage indicates that Adelheid must have beenone of her parents’ older children. If that is correct, the birth order of thedaughters in these two sources is probably incorrect. TheEkkehardiChronicon records the death in 1112 of "quidam de Saxonieprincipus…Oudalricus", specifying that he was "Ludewicicomitis gener" but that he had repudiated his wife. TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the death in 1146of "Alheidis comitissa filia secunda Lodewici". m(before 1102, repudiated)ULRICH II Marchese diCarniola e Istria, son of ULRICH I Marchese diCarniola e Istria [Weimar] & his wife Zsófia of Hungary (-13 May 1112).
b) HERMANN (-Schloß Hammerstein 1114). TheHistoriaBrevis Principum Thuringiæ names (in order) "Ludewicum lantgravium,Heinricum Raspin, Hermannum…Utonem Cicensem episcopum" as sons of"Ludewicus comes" and his wife Adelheid, specifying thatHermann died "in vinculis in castro Hamerstein". “Comes Ludowicus cum nepote suoConrado comitis...Berngeri filio...cum uxore eiusdem domini Ludowici Adilheidaac filiis eorundem Hermanno, Ludowico, Heinrico, Conrado, dominaque Berchtradacomitis Conradi matre” donated “ecclesiam...Sangershusen” toReinhardsbrunn by charter dated 25 Jul 1110. TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensisrecords the death in 1114 of "Hermannus Ludewici comitis filius"in chains[117].
c) LUDWIG von Thüringen ([1090]-1140). TheChroniconGozecense names (in order) "Raspo Heinricus et…primus comesprovincialis Ludewicus" sons of "Ludewico" and hiswife Adelheid[118]. He was appointed Landgraf of Thuringia.
- see below.
d) UDO (-1148). The Historia Brevis PrincipumThuringiæ names (in order) "Ludewicum lantgravium, Heinricum Raspin,Hermannum…Utonem Cicensem episcopum" as sons of "Ludewicuscomes" & his wife Adelheid. Bishop of Naumburg.
e) HEINRICH RASPE [I] (-1130, bur Reinhardsbrunn). TheChronicon Gozecensenames (in order) "Raspo Heinricus et…primus comes provincialisLudewicus" sons of "Ludewico" and his wife Adelheid. The Annalista Saxo records the death in 1130 of "HeinricusRaspo, frater Lodowici comitis de Thuringia, signifer regis, clam confossusimmatura morte"[121]. TheChronicon Gozecense names "Heinricus" as youngerson of "senior Ludewicus", specifying that he was "advocatus"of Goseck[122]. “Comes Ludowicus cum nepote suo Conrado comitis...Berngeri filio...cum uxoreeiusdem domini Ludowici Adilheida ac filiis eorundem Hermanno, Ludowico,Heinrico, Conrado, dominaque Berchtrada comitis Conradi matre” donated “ecclesiam...Sangershusen”to Reinhardsbrunn by charter dated 25 Jul 1110. TheAnnales Rosenveldenses records the death in 1130 of"Henricus comes de Wodenesberg". TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the death in 1130of "Heinricus comes primus Raspen filius fundatoris ecclesie inReynarsborn" and his burial at Reinhardsbrunn. TheAnnales Erphesfurdenses the death of "Heinricuscomes de Thuringia frater Luodewici" in 1134, although this date is not corroborated by the other sources citedearlier.
f) KONRAD (-after 25 Jul 1110). “Comes Ludowicus cum nepote suo Conradocomitis...Berngeri filio...cum uxore eiusdem domini Ludowici Adilheida acfiliis eorundem Hermanno, Ludowico, Heinrico, Conrado, dominaque Berchtradacomitis Conradi matre” donated “ecclesiam...Sangershusen” toReinhardsbrunn by charter dated 25 Jul 1110.
g) KUNIGUNDE (-1118). TheHistoria Brevis Principum Thuringiæ names (in order) "Cunegundim,Ceciliam, Adelheidim" as the three daughters of "Ludewicuscomes" & his wife Adelheid. TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis names "primaConegundis" as daughter of Graf Ludwig & his wife, recording thatshe married "Wichmanno comiti de Saxonia qui et ecclesieKaldenbornensis fundator". TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the death in 1118of "Cunigunda filia comitis Ludovici uxor comitis Wigmanni fundatorCaldebornensis"[130]. mWICHMANN Graf, son of Graf BERNO & his wifeAdelheid --- (-after 1118).
h) CÄCILIE (-1141, bur Reinhardsbrunn). TheHistoria Brevis Principum Thuringiæ names (in order)"Cunegundim, Ceciliam, Adelheidim" as the three daughters of"Ludewicus comes" & his wife Adelheid. TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis names "Ceciliam"as second daughter of Graf Ludwig & his wife, recording that she married"comes de Weldense Gerlacus" and that by him she was mother of"Udonem minorem Cycensem episcopum". TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the death in 1141of "Cecilia filia comitis Ludewici primi…relicta comitis Gerlaci"and her burial at Reinhardsbrunn. mGERLACH[I]Graf von Veldenz,son of --- (-before 1141).
i) [daughter. An indication of the family origin of the wife of Burchard [II] von Querfurt isprovided by the charter dated 3 Oct 1166, under which [her possible son] “Uto...Nuenburgens...episcopus”confirmed that “felicis memoriæ dominus Uto prædecessor et avunculusmeus...Nuenburgensis...episcopus” had confirmed privileges of “Buzaviensicœnobio”[134]. Assuming that “avunculus” in this document can be interpreted in itsstrict sense of maternal uncle (recognising that it can indicate a more remotefamily relationship), the second Bishop Udo’s mother was the sister of thefirst bishop. The earlier Bishop Udo was the brother of Ludwig I Landgraf ofThuringia. Their father’s marriage is dated to 1087 (see above). From achronological point of view, it is therefore possible that the second Udo’smother was the sister of these two brothers. mBURCHARD[II]von Querfurt,son of GERHARD Graf von Querfurt & his wife Oda von Ammensleben (-[after 1159]). Burggraf von Magdeburg 1136.]
2. BERENGAR (-before 25 Jul 1110, bur Sangerhausen). TheHistoriaBrevis Principum Thuringiæ names "Ludewicum et Berengerum"as the two sons of "Ludewicus Cum-barba" & his wife,specifying that Berenger succeeded in Sangerhausen where he was also buried. Graf von Sangerhausen. mBERTRADAvon Wettin, daughter of KONRAD Graf von Wettin & his wife Othildisvon Katlenberg (-1145). TheGenealogica Wettinensis names "Bertradam"as the daughter of "quintus filius [comitis Tiderici] Conradus comes"& his wife, naming her husband "Beringerus comes frater Ludowicicomitis senioris de Thuringia". “Comes Ludowicus cum nepote suo Conrado comitis...Berngerifilio...cum uxore eiusdem domini Ludowici Adilheida ac filiis eorundemHermanno, Ludowico, Heinrico, Conrado, dominaque Berchtrada comitis Conradimatre” donated “ecclesiam...Sangershusen” to Reinhardsbrunn bycharter dated 25 Jul 1110[137]. Berengar & his wife had five children:
a) KONRAD (-1145). TheCronicaReinhardsbrunnensis names "comes Conradus de Honsteyn" asson of "Beringerus…Sangirhusen", specifying that "omnesde Honsteyn" were his descendants. He was not the patrilineal ancestor of the later Grafen vonHohenstein (Honstein) according toEuropäische Stammtafeln. In addition, the History of IlfeldMonastery names "filius [Elgeri] Elgerus secundus" as "primuscomes in Honstein", specifying that he obtained the castle from "comitissaviuda Remvice" who was widow of Esiko Graf von Honstein. No relationship with Graf Konrad is specified in this source. TheGenealogica Wettinensis names "filum Conradum et filiasquatuor" as the children of "Beringerus comes frater Ludowicicomitis senioris de Thuringia" & his wife. “Comes Ludowicus cum nepote suo Conrado comitis...Berngerifilio...cum uxore eiusdem domini Ludowici Adilheida ac filiis eorundemHermanno, Ludowico, Heinrico, Conrado, dominaque Berchtrada comitis Conradimatre” donated “ecclesiam...Sangershusen” to Reinhardsbrunn bycharter dated 25 Jul 1110[142]. Graf von Honstein.
b) KUNIGUNDE . TheGenealogicaWettinensis names "filum Conradum et filias quatuor" asthe children of "Beringerus comes frater Ludowici comitis senioris deThuringia" & his wife, specifying that one of the daughters "Cunegundam"married "Cuno de Wippera" and that their son was "Lothowicum". mTHIMO von Wippra, son of ---.
c) three daughters . TheGenealogicaWettinensis names "filum Conradum et filias quatuor" asthe children of "Beringerus comes frater Ludowici comitis senioris deThuringia" & his wife.
3. HILDEGARD (-burGoseck). TheHistoria Brevis Principum Thuringiænames (in order) "Hildegardis…Uta…Adelheidis" as the threedaughters of "Ludewicus Cum-barba" & his wife, specifyingthat Hildegard married firstly "Bopponi comiti de Hennenberc"and secondly "Timoni de Nordeke", naming "Gebehardumqui Cellam Sancti Blasii ad monasterium Reinhersburn" as her son byher second husband[145]. TheChronicon Gozecense names "Hildegardiscomitissa cuius frater comes fuit Ludewicus", recording her burial atGoseck monastery, and also specifying that "filium suum Domino vovit,Gebehardum scilicet" but that he left the monastery and was killed. m firstlyPOPPO[I]Graf von Henneberg, son of ---(-killed in battle near Melrichstadt 7 Aug 1078). msecondlyTHIMO von Nordeck,son of ---.
4. UTA. TheHistoriaBrevis Principum Thuringiæ names (in order) "Hildegardis…Uta…Adelheidis"as the three daughters of "Ludewicus Cum-barba" & hiswife, specifying that Uta married "comiti Dieterico de Linderbeche". mDIETRICH Graf von Linderbach,son of ---.
5. ADELHEID . TheHistoria Brevis Principum Thuringiæ names (in order) "Hildegardis…Uta…Adelheidis"as the three daughters of "Ludewicus Cum-barba" & hiswife, specifying that Hildegard married "in Wiphire dominum". mLUDWIG von Wippra, son of---. Ludwig & his wife had one child:
a) LUDWIG . TheHistoria Brevis PrincipumThuringiæ names "Ludewicum" as son of "in Wiphiredominum" & his wife Adelheid. mMATHILDE, daughter of ---. TheHistoriaBrevis Principum Thuringiæ names "Mechtildem" as wife of"Ludewicum [in Wiphire]" and their sons "futurumpostea Monateriensem episcopum [et] Kunonem laicum".
LUDWIG von Thüringen,son of LUDWIG "der Salier/der Springer" Graf in Thuringia & his [second]wife Adelheid von Stade ([1090]-13 Jan 1140, bur Reinhardsbrunn). TheChronicon Gozecense names (inorder) "Raspo Heinricus et…primus comes provincialisLudewicus" sons of "Ludewico" and his wife Adelheid. Landgraf of Thuringia. TheAnnales Stadenses name"Lodewicum [filium Ludowici]" specifying that he secured the"comitatum provincialem in Thuringia" from "Lothariorege" after the latter deprived "Hermannus de Wincenburg"[152]. "Willehelmus comes Palatinus, Heinricus marchionis Luibaldi filius,Arnoldus Moguntinus comes, Ludewicus comes Thuringie, Ernest comes et Siczzocomes, Sigefridus et frater eius Bertolfus comites de Nuringes, Emicho comes etfrater eius Gerlahus, Megenhardus de Spanheim, Wolframus de Wertheim…"witnessed the charter dated 1132, after 13 Sep, under which Adalbert Archbishopof Mainz donated property "in pago…Weitereibia…in comitatu Sigefridicomitis de Nuringes" to Mainz cathedral. "…Comes patrie Ludewicus ibidem principalis advocatus…"witnessed a charter dated 25 Jul 1139 under which Adalbert [II] Archbishop ofMainz confirmed his predecessor's grants to Kloster Jechaburg. The Annalista Saxo records the death of "Ludowicus Thuringiæ comes" at the end of 1139, theAnnales Sancti Petri Erphesfurdenses recordingthe death of "Luodewicus comes provincie Thuringorum" in 1140. TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the death"1140 Id Jan" of "Ludewicus primus principalis comesfilius fundator nostri" and his burial at Reinhardsbrunn.
m [as her second husband,]HEDWIG von Gudensberg,[widow of ---,] daughter of GISO [IV] von Gudensberg & his wife Kunigunde vonBilstein (-1148, bur Reinhardsbrunn). TheChronicon Gozecense names"Hadewigam comitissam Gise viduam" as the wife of [Ludwig], one way of interpreting the whole passage being that she was thewidow of Ludwig's brother Heinrich although this seems unlikely to be correct. TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the marriage of "Ludewicusprimus langgravius" and "Hedwigim" without giving herorigin[159],although it is interesting to note that this text follows the passage whichrecords the death of Ludwig's brother Heinrich. The true family origin of thewife of Landgraf Ludwig is confirmed by the charter dated to [1137/40] underwhich Arnold Archbishop of Köln confirmed a donation of property "apudBrubach" [Braubach] to Kloster Siegburg by her mother "comitissaquedam Cunigunda…de Bilistein que fuerat uxor Gisonis comitis" and thelater confirmation by "domnus Ludewicus comes de Thuringia cum uxore sua,filia predicte Cunigunde". The primary source which confirms her father´s family as"von Gudensberg" has not yet been identified. It is not knownwhether theChronicon Gozecense is correct in stating that Ludwig wasHedwig´s second husband, even if it identifies him incorrectly, but if so noseparate indication of his identity has yet been found. Hedwig was heiress ofa large part of Hessen. TheAnnales Pegavienses record the deathin 1148 of "Hedewic relicta Loudewicis provincialis comitis". TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the deathin 1148 of "Hedewig relicta primi lantgravii" and her burialat Reinhardsbrunn[162].
Ludwig I & hiswife had seven children:
1. LUDWIG ([1128]-Neuenburg am Unstrut 14 Oct 1172, bur Reinhardsbrunn). TheAnnales Stadenses specifies that"secundus Lodewicus [=filium Ludowici genuit tertium]". He succeeded his father in 1140 asLUDWIG II "derEiserne"Landgraf of Thuringia.
- see below.
2. HEINRICH RASPE [II] (-[1155]). TheHistoria BrevisPrincipum Thuringiæ names (in order) "secundum sui nominis [=Ludowicum]lantgravium, Heinricum Raspin, Ludewicum de Thungesbrucken" as thesons of "Ludewicus lantgravius" & his wife Hedwig. Graf von Gudensburg.
3. LUDWIG (-1189). TheHistoria Brevis PrincipumThuringiæ names (in order) "secundum sui nominis [=Ludowicum]lantgravium, Heinricum Raspin, Ludewicum de Thungesbrucken" as thesons of "Ludewicus lantgravius" & his wife Hedwig. Graf von Thamsbrück. TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the death in 1189 of"Ludewicus comes de Tummesbrucken patruus lantgravii".
4. CECILIE . TheHistoria Brevis Principum Thuringiæ names (in order) "Cecilia…Iutha…Adelheidis…Mechtildis"as the four daughters of "Ludewicus lantgravius" & hiswife Hedwig, specifying that Cecilia married "Udelrico duci Boemie". m as his first wife,ULRICHDuke of the Bohemians, sonofSOBĚSLAV I UDALRICH Duke of the Bohemians & his wife Adelheid of Hungary (1134-18Oct 1177).
5. ADELHEID (-after 1140). TheHistoria BrevisPrincipum Thuringiæ names (in order) "Cecilia…Iutha…Adelheidis…Mechtildis"as the four daughters of "Ludewicus lantgravius" & hiswife Hedwig, specifying that Adelheid was "in ecclesia Sancti Nycolaiabbatissa"[168]. Abbess in Eisenach.
6. MECHTILD. TheHistoria Brevis Principum Thuringiæ names (in order)"Cecilia…Iutha…Adelheidis…Mechtildis" as the four daughters of"Ludewicus lantgravius" & his wife Hedwig, specifying thatMechtild married "comiti Dieterico de Werben fratri ducis Bernhardi". mDIETRICHvon Brandenburg, son of ALBRECHT I "dem Bären" Graf vonBallenstedt Markgraf von Brandenburg & his wife Sophie von Winzenburg(-after 5 Sep 1183). Graf von Werben 1170.
7. JUTTA (-9 Sep after 1174). TheHistoria Brevis Principum Thuringiæ names (in order)"Cecilia…Iutha…Adelheidis…Mechtildis" as the four daughters of"Ludewicus lantgravius" & his wife Hedwig, specifying thatJutta married "eiusdem provincie [=Boemie] regis" and namingher sons "regem Odakarum et…comitem Heinricum". m(1153) as his second wife,VLADISLAV II Duke of Bohemia,son of VLADISLAV I Duke of Bohemia & his wifeRichinza[Richsa] von Berg (-18 Jan 1174, bur Strahow). He was crownedKing of Bohemiaat Regensburg 18 Jan 1158.
LUDWIG von Thüringen,son of LUDWIG I Landgraf of Thuringia & his wife Hedwig von Gudensberg([1128]-Neuenburg am Unstrut 14 Oct 1172, bur Reinhardsbrunn). TheAnnales Stadenses specifies that "secundusLodewicus [=filium Ludowici genuit tertium]". He succeeded his father in 1140 asLUDWIG II "der Eiserne"Landgraf of Thuringia., although the following charters showthat he was not consistently referred to in contemporary documentation with thetitle Landgraf "Ludewicus comes provincialis…" witnessed thecharter dated 16 Jun 1147 under which Heinrich [I] Archbishop of Mainzconfirmed the foundation of Ichtershausen convent by "matrona…Friderunalinea nobis sanguinis propinqua et filius eius Marcwardus de Grumbach virnobilis"[172]. "Lodewigus provincialis comes…" witnessed the charter dated 22Oct 1150 under which Heinrich [I] Archbishop of Mainz donated property to Stifte Jechaburg[173]. At first an ally of Heinrich "der Löwe" Duke of Saxony, he laterjoined the duke's enemies, feeling threatened by his ambitions in the areasouth of the Harz[174]. In 1166, he joined the alliance of Saxon princes against Duke Heinrich,attacking the fortress of Althaldensleben 20 Dec 1166 with Albrecht "der Bär" Markgraf von Brandenburg and Wichmann Bishop of Magdeburg. Landgraf Ludwig was one of the signatories of the alliance of Magdeburg 12 Jul 1167, which formalised the opposition to Duke Heinrich. TheAnnales Sancti Petri Erphesfurdenses record the deathof "Loudewigus provincialis comes Thuringiæ" in 1172.
m (1150)JUTTA[Claricia]von Staufen, daughter ofFRIEDRICH II Duke of Swabia [Staufen] & his second wife Agnes von Saarbrücken ([1135]-7 Jul 1191, bur Reinhardsbrunn). TheGestaFriderici of Otto of Freising names "Conradum, qui palatinus comesRheni…et Clariciam, Ludewici Thuringiæ comitis uxorem" as the twochildren of Duke Friedrich & his second wife. TheUrspergensium Chronicon refers to (but does notname) the daughter of "Friedrich I pater ipsius" & hissecond wife as the wife of "lantgravius de Thuringia". TheAnnales Stadenses records that the mother of "quartum[Lodewicum]" and therefore the wife of "tertium [Ludowicum]"was "sororis imperatoris Friderici". TheHistoria Brevis Principum Thuringiæ names "imperatorisFriderici sorore Iutha" as the wife of Landgraf Ludwig II. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines in 1193 refers to"soror…Berthe" as wife of "lantgravie Thuringie Ludovico"[182]. TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the death in 1191 of"Iutta lantgravia soror Frederici imperatoris mater Ludewici tercii"and her burial at Reinhardsbrunn.
Ludwig II & his wife had five children:
1. LUDWIG von Thüringen ([1152]-Palestine 1190). TheAnnalesSancti Petri Erphesfurdenses name "Loudewigus provincialis comesThuringiæ…filius eius Loudewigus" when recording his succession to hisfather in 1172[184]. He adhered to the alliance of Magdeburg, which formalised the opposition toHeinrich "der Löwe" Duke of Saxony, at Santersleben, south ofHaldensleben, 14 Jul 1167[185]. He succeeded his father in 1172 asLUDWIG III "der Milde/derFromme"Landgraf of Thuringia. "Lodewicus…tertiuslantgravius" granted property to Stifte Jechaburg by charter dated1174[186]. After the death of Albrecht "der Bär" Markgraf von Brandenburg,Landgraf Ludwig claimed the county of Weimar. He left on crusade and in [Nov] 1189 arrived by sea at Tyre,where he persuaded Corrado di Monferrato to join in the attack on Acre led byGuy de Lusignan king of Jerusalem. He returned home from the siege, probably ill with malaria, anddied en route[189]. According to Ralph of Diceto, he had relations with the enemy from whom heaccepted money[190]. He was invested as Pfalzgraf of Saxony by Emperor Friedrich I"Barbarossa" at Gelnhausen 13 Apr 1180. "Ludewicus…provincialis Thuringie et Hassie"recognised the rights of Kloster Hilwartshausen by charter dated 1189. TheHistoria Brevis Principum Thuringiæ records that"Ludewicus [tertium…lantgravium]" died "in TerraSancta"[193]. TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the death in 1193 of "Ludewicotertio lantgravio in Terra Sancta". m firstly (1172,repudiated)MARGARETAvon Kleve, daughter of DIETRICH [II] Graf von Kleve & his wifeAdelheid von Sulzbach. The primary source which confirms her parentage andmarriage has not yet been identified. Arnold'sChronica Slavorumconfirms that "Lothewigus lantgravius de Thuringia, filius sororisimperatoris" repudiated his first wife on the grounds of consanguinityto marry "matrem Kanuti regis Danorum". m secondly ([1184],divorced 1187) as her second husband,SOFIA, widow ofVALDEMAR I"den Store/the Great"King of Denmark,daughter of VOLODAR --- & his wife Ryksa [Swantosława] of Poland([1141]-5 May 1198, bur Ringsted). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontainesnames "Sophiam de Russia" as wife of "Waldemarum II". Arnold'sChronica Slavorum confirms that "Lothewiguslantgravius de Thuringia, filius sororis imperatoris" repudiated hisfirst wife on the grounds of consanguinity to marry "matrem Kanutiregis Danorum"[197]. The necrology of Lüneburg records the death "6 May" of "Sophiaregine Dacie"[198]. The primary source which confirms her divorce from her second husband has notbeen identified. The burial records of Ringsted record "sanctusKanutus dux Dacie…filius suus Waldemarus primus, ampliator huius ecclesia"and the burial next to him of "regina Sophia uxor sua filia Swerchonisregis Suetie" who died "III Id Mai" in 1198. Ludwig III & his first wife had one child:
a) JUTTA (-[6 Sep 1208/1216]). TheGenealogicaWettinensis names "Machtildem filiam Ludowici comitis de Thuringia"as wife of "Tidericus comes, filius eius [Dedonis Orientalismarchionis]"[200]. Although the primary source which confirms that she was Ludwig's daughter byhis first marriage has not yet been identified, the date of her marriageindicates that it is unlikely that she was born from his second marriage. m (before 1190)DIETRICH von Wettin Graf vonSommerschenburg und Groitzsch, son of DEDO V "der Feiste" vonRochlitz Graf von Groitzsch, Markgraf der Niederlausitz & his wife Mathildevon Heinsberg heiress of Sommerschenburg (-13 Jun 1207, bur Zschillen).
2. HERMANN von Thüringen (-Burg Friedenstein bei Gotha 25 Apr 1217, bur Schloß Friedenstein). TheAnnales Sancti Petri Erphesfurdensesname "germano suo [=principalis comes Luodewicus] comite Herimanno"when recording his capture in 1180, and "Hermannus frater Ludowicilantgravii" when recording his installation as "palatinusSaxoniæ" in 1181[201]. Pfalzgraf of Saxony 1180. He succeeded his brother in 1190 asHERMANN ILandgraf of Thuringia.
- see below.
3. HEINRICH RASPE [III] (-1180). The Annales Sancti Petri Erphesfurdenses record thedeath in 1180 of "Heinricus comes Luodewici lantgravii germanus".
4. FRIEDRICH (-after 5 Sep 1213). TheHistoria Brevis Principum Thuringiæ names (in order)"Ludewicum iuniorem tertium…lantgravium, Fridericum de Cigenhain,Henricum iuniorem cognomento Raspe et Hermannum…huius provincie principem etSaxoni comitem palatinum" as the sons of Landgraf Ludwig II & hiswife[203]. Graf von Ziegenhain. "ComesFridericus frater landgravii, comes Wikerus, comes Henricus de Cigenhagen…"witnessed the charter dated 1189 under which Beatrix Abbess of Kaufungen adonation of revenue by "dominus Megenwardus ministerialis noster". "…comes Fridericus fraterlantgravii…" witnessed the charter dated 1199 under which "Hermannus…lantgraviuset palatinus comes Saxonie" confirmed a sale of property to KlosterHardehausen[205]. "Heremannus…lantgravius Thuringie et palatinuscomes Saxonie" confirmed a donation to Kloster Kaufungen made by"Helmwicus in Rorenvort et fratres sui ministeriales nostri"by charter dated 1199, witnessed by "comes Fridericus fraterlantgravii, comes Wilkerus, comes Heinricus de Cigenhagen…". “...Fridericus comes de Ziginhagen frater Lantgravii...”witnessed the charter dated 23 May 1205 under which Philipp King of Germanyconfirmed an exchange between Hersfeld and Hermann Landgraf of Thuringia. Graf von Wildungen. “Burkardus Magdeburgensis curiæburggravius et Sophia burggravia” confirmed that “comes Fridericus deWildunghen et domina Lucardis uxor eiusdem et Ludewicus comes” had donated“bona in Hertoldeshausen in villa Safenhusen” to Kloster Aulesburg byundated charter[208]. “Conradus...Thuringie Lantgravius” granted land, which “Frethericuscomes de Wildungen patruus noster” had held in “Cygenhagen”, to “nobilibusviris Godefrido et Bertoldo comitibus de Cygenhagen”, by charter dated 25Nov 1233[209]. m(before 1186)LIUTGARD von Ziegenhain,daughter of GOZMAR [III] Graf von Ziegenhain & his wife --- (-after 1207). “Burkardus Magdeburgensis curiæ burggravius etSophia burggravia” confirmed that “comes Fridericus de Wildunghen etdomina Lucardis uxor eiusdem et Ludewicus comes” had donated “bona inHertoldeshausen in villa Safenhusen” to Kloster Aulesburg by undatedcharter[210]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has notbeen identified. Friedrich & his wife had three children:
a) LUDWIG . “Burkardus Magdeburgensis curiæburggravius et Sophia burggravia” confirmed that “comes Fridericus deWildunghen et domina Lucardis uxor eiusdem et Ludewicus comes” had donated“bona in Hertoldeshausen in villa Safenhusen” to Kloster Aulesburg byundated charter[211].
b) SOPHIE (-after 22 May 1251). “Burkardus Magdeburgensis curiæ burggravius et Sophia burggravia”confirmed that “comes Fridericus de Wildunghen et domina Lucardis uxoreiusdem et Ludewicus comes” had donated “bona in Hertoldeshausen invilla Safenhusen” to Kloster Aulesburg by undated charter. "Sophia nata quondam Fridericicomitis de Wildungen, relicta Burchardi Burggravii Magdeburgensis"donated property to the archbishopric of Mainz by charter dated 2 Apr 1247. “Burchardus et Burchardus burggravii in Magdeburg” donated“silvam...Horne...apud villam Segeremesdorp” to Kloster Walkenried, withthe consent of “matre sua domina Sophia”, by charter dated 22 May 1251. mBURCHARD[V]von Querfurt Burggrafvon Magdeburg, son of BURCHARD [IV] von Querfurt Burggraf vonMagdeburg & his wife Sophie von Wettin ([1185/89]-[1246/2 Apr 1247]).
c) JUDITH (-7 Oct 1220). TheGenealogicaWettinensis names "Iuditam filiam Friderici comitis de Cigenhagin,fratris Hermanni comitis Thuringie" as wife of "Fridericuscomes iunior", and records her death "1220 Non Oct". m (1181)FRIEDRICH[II]von Brehna, son of FRIEDRICH [I] Grafvon Brehna [Wettin] & his wife Hedwig of Moravia (-Acre 16 Oct 1221). Hesucceeded his brother in 1203 asGraf von Brehna.
5. JUTTA(-2 Apr----). TheHistoria Brevis Principum Thuringiænames "Iutham comitissam de Rabinsberc" as the daughter ofLandgraf Ludwig II & his wife. m as his first wife,HERMANN Graf vonRavensburg, son of OTTO [I] von Calvelage Graf von Ravensburg & hiswife Oda --- (-after 1218).
HERMANN vonThüringen, son of LUDWIG II "der Eiserne" Landgraf ofThuringia & his wife Judith [Jutta] von Staufen (-Burg Friedenstein bei Gotha25 Apr 1217, bur Schloß Friedenstein). TheChronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines in 1193 names "Hermannumlantgravium" as son of "lantgravie Thuringie Ludovico"& his wife[217]. Pfalzgraf of Saxony 1180. He succeeded his brother in 1190 asHERMANNI Landgraf of Thuringia. "Heremannus…lantgravius Thuringie etpalatinus comes Saxonie" confirmed a donation to Kloster Kaufungenmade by "Helmwicus in Rorenvort et fratres sui ministeriales nostri"by charter dated 1199, witnessed by "comes Fridericus fraterlantgravii, comes Wilkerus, comes Heinricus de Cigenhagen…". "Hermannus…lantgravius et Saxonie comes palatinus"confirmed the donation by "familia nostra matrona quedam de Vargla,Hedewiga, vidua Cunimundi" to Kloster Ichtershausen by charter dated15 Nov 1199[219]. TheHistoria Brevis Principum Thuringiæ records that "Hermannofratri [Ludewici tertii]" died in Gotha and was buried at Eisenach[220]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1218 of "lantgraviusToringie et Hermannus pater Ludovici lantgravii". The necrology of Thuringia records the death "VII Kal Mai"of "Hermannus lantgravius Thuringie".
m firstly ([1182]) as her second husband,SOPHIE,widow ofHEINRICH Graf vonWettin, daughter of --- (-1189, bur Reinhardsbrunn). TheGenealogicaWettinensis names "Sophiam filiam cuiusdam nobilis de Austria" as wife of "Heinricus comes de Witin", specifying thatshe married secondly "Hermannus tunc comes palatinus Saxonie, postmodemetiam comes provincialis Thuringie". TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the deathin 1189 of "Sophie palatina uxor Hermanni lantgravii"and her burial at Reinhardsbrunn, the word "palatina" maybe providing a potentialclue to her origin.
m secondly (1196)SOPHIE von Bayern,daughter of OTTO I Duke of Bavaria [Wittelsbach] &his wife Agnes van Looz (-10 Jul 1238, bur Eisenack St Katharina Kloster). TheGenealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavariæ names "Sophiam" as first of the fivedaughters of "Otto dictus de Schiren…dux Bawarie", althoughthe order appears inaccurate in view of Sophie's marriage date, and her husband"Hermannus langravius Thuringie". "Heinricus Thur. lantgravius et Saxonie comes palat." confirmed a donation by charter dated16 May 1228, with the consent of "matris nostre Sophie, uxoris nostreElisabeth, fratris nostri Cunradi" and names "frater nosterbeate memorie Ludewicus lantgravius". “Henricus...Landgravius Thuringiæ et Saxoniæ comespalatinus...manibus matris nostæ et Conradi fratris nostri” donatedproperty “in Ludirsburnin” to Reinhardsbrunn, for the salvation of “contectalisnostræ Elisabeth” on the day of her burial, by charter dated 1231. TheAnnales Erphordenses record the death "1238VI Id Iul" of "Sophia mater Heinrico lantgravii"and her burial at Eisenach "in ecclesia beate Catharine". The necrology of Thuringia records the death "VI Id Jul"of "Sophia lantgravia".
Hermann I & his first wife had twochildren:
1. JUTTA ([1183]-Schleusingen 6 Aug 1235, bur Meissen Cathedral, KlosterAltzelle). TheGenealogica Wettinensis names"Iuditam" as the daughter of "Hermannus tunc comespalatinus Saxonie, postmodem etiam comes provincialis Thuringie" andhis wife Sophie, naming her husband "Tiderici marchionis Misnensis etOrientalis, filii Othonis marchionis". TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the first marriageof "filia prima Iutta" and "Theoderici marchioniMisnensi" and her second marriage to "Bopponem comitem deHennenberg patruum comitis Bertoldi de Henneberg" as well as her sonby her second marriage "Hermannum comitem de Hennenberg" whowas father of "Bopponem iuniorem de Hennenberg et Bertoldum episcopum", although "Hermannum" appears to be an error for"Popponem". The “Lochauer Inschriften” record the burial inMeissen Cathedral (“in der fursten cappellen [=Altzelle]”) of “marggraveDiterich eyn graffe von Weyssenfels und ouch marcgraffen Otten dess stiftersson”, who died 1220 [O.S. presumably], and “mit seyner frawen Jötten, dyeynes lantgraven in Döringen tochtir gewest ist, mit etzlichen iren kyndern undiungen furstin, dy iung gestorbin syn”. m firstly (1194)DIETRICH von Meissen Herr zu Weissenfels,son of OTTO "der Reicher" Markgraf von Meissen [Wettin] & hiswife Hedwig von Brandenburg [Ballenstedt] ([1162]-17 Feb 1221, bur MeissenCathedral, Kloster Altzelle). He succeeded in 1197 asDIETRICH "der Bedrängte"Markgraf von Meissen. m secondly (Leipzig 3 Jan 1223) as his second wife,POPPO[VII]Graf vonHenneberg, son of POPPO [VI] Graf von Henneberg & his wifeSophie von Andechs-Merano (-21 Aug 1245, bur Vessra).
2. HEDWIG (-1247). TheCronicaReinhardsbrunnensis names "Hedwigis" as second daughter of"principis Hermanni" and her marriage to "comitiAlberti de Alsacia"[233]. The primary source which confirms the precise origin ofher husband has not yet been identified. "Hedewigis comitissa coniunxnostra" witnessed the charter dated 20 May 1222 under which AlbrechtGraf von Orlamünde und Holstein confirmed a sale of property to the bishop ofLübeck[234]. m (1211)ALBRECHT Graf vonOrlamünde, son of SIEGFRIED III Graf von Orlamünde [Askanier] & hiswife Sophie of Denmark (1183-18 Dec 1244).
Hermann I & his second wife had sixchildren:
3. IRMGARD ([1197]-[1244]). TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis names "Irmingardis"as oldest daughter of "Hermannus" & his second wife,specifying that she married "comiti Heinrico de Anhalt". TheCronica Principum Saxonienames "Sophiam sororem lantgravii Thuringie" as wife of "Henricumcomitem de Anahalt"[236]. Her family origin is confirmed by the charter dated 29Mar 1256 under which her son "Henricus…comes Ascharie"confirmed the donation made by "bone memorie avunculum nostrum Turingielantgravium Ludewicum" to the nuns of Mehringen (later Petersthal). m (1211)HEINRICH vonBallenstedt, son of BERNHARD von Ballenstedt Duke of Saxony, Graf vonAschersleben und Anhalt & his wife Judyta of Poland ([1170]-[8 May 1251/17May 1252], bur Ballenstedt). He succeeded his father in 1212 asHEINRICH I "der Fette"Graf von Anhalt.
4. HERMANN (before 1200-Eisenach 31 Dec 1216). TheHistoriaBrevis Principum Thuringiæ names (in order) "Ludewicum…HeinricumRaspin…Hermannum qui puer obit et Cunradum" as the four sons of "Hermanno". TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis names "Hermannum"as second son of "Hermannus" & his second wife, specifyingthat he died "in Ysenache". TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the death in 1216of "Hermannus lantgravius Ludewicus filius eius primogenitus". The necrology of Thuringia records thedeath "II Kal Jan" of "Hermannus".
5. LUDWIG (28 Oct 1200-Otranto 11 Sep 1227). TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the birth "1200V Kal Nov" of "Ludewicus quartus lantgravius de matre suaSophia filia ducis Bavarie". He succeeded his father in 1217 asLUDWIGIV "der Heilige"Landgraf of Thuringia and Pfalgraf vonSachsen. He was titular Markgraf von Meissen from 1226. TheAnnalesErphordenses record that "Ludewicus lantgravius" took partin the expedition of Emperor Friedrich II to Palestine in 1227 but died inOtranto, Apulia "VI Id Sep". He sailed with Emperor Friedrich II from Brindisi 8 Sep 1227 forJerusalem, but was put ashore gravely ill at Otranto where he died. The necrology of Thuringia records the death "II Id Sep"of "Ludewicus lantgravius Thuringie". m (1221)ERSZÉBETof Hungary,daughter of ANDRÁS II Kingof Hungary & his first wife Gertrud von Andechs-Merano (Pozsony/Bratislava 1207-Marburg 10 Nov 1231, bur MarburgElisabethenkirche). TheAltahenses Annalesrecord that "Bela rex Ungarie" was brother of "sancteElisabeth"[246]. She fell under the strong influence of her confessor,the Papal inquisitor Konrad von Marburg, and completely rejected secular life. After her husband's death, she was apparently evicted from Wartburg Castle byher brother-in-law. She settled in Marburg where she founded a Franciscanhospital for the poor and sick. She embraced a regime of extreme fasting,dressed in a grey penitential tunic supposedly sent to her by St Francis ofAssisi. Konrad von Marburg built a finger-shaped church around her grave inher hospital chapel. Her cult became the object of intense political rivalrybetween the Teutonic Knights, allied with the Landgraf of Thuringia, and theArchbishop of Mainz. This resulted in her rapid canonisation by Pope GregoryIX in 1235[247]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records thedeath in "XIII Kal Dec 1232" of "Elizabeth domnasancta…Ludovici Thuringie lantgravii" and her burial "apudhospitale de Maerbuch quod ipsa construxit". Her feast-day is 19 Nov. Ludwig IV & his wife had three children:
a) HERMANN (-Kreuzberg 3 Jan 1241, bur Reinhardsbrunn). He succeeded his father in 1227 asHERMANN IILandgraf of Thuringia. TheAnnales Sancti Pantaleonis Coloniensisrecord the death in 1241 of "Hermannus landgravius filius sancteElysabeth"[250]. TheAnnales Erphordenses record the death "1242 III Non Ian"of "lantgravius Hassie filius sancte Elisabeth" in Kreuzburgand his burial at Reinhardsbrunn. TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the death "1241IV Non Jan" of "Hermannus lantgravius Hassie in Cruczeborg",referring to allegations that he was poisoned by "femina dicta Berthade Sebecke", and his burial at Reinhardsbrunn. The necrology of Thuringia records the death "III Non Jan"of "Hermannus lantgravius". Betrothed ([1238],contract broken 1239) toMARGARETA vonHohenstaufen, daughter of Emperor FRIEDRICH II & his third wifeIsabella of England ([end 1237 or Foggia near Naples 1 Dec 1241]-Frankfurt amMain 8 Aug 1270). TheAnnales Sancti Pantaleonis Coloniensis recordthat "Hermannus landgravius filius sancte Elysabeth"repudiated his betrothal with "filia imperator", which can only refer to Margareta. m(9 Oct 1239) as her first husband,HELENEvon Braunschweig-Lüneburg, daughter of OTTO I “dem Kind” Herzog vonBraunschweig & his wife Mathilde von Brandenburg [Askanier] (18 Mar 1223-6Sep 1273, bur Wittenberg Franciscans). TheCronica Principum Saxonienames (in order) "Mechtildim…Helenam…Alheidem… Helenam" as thedaughters of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife,specifying that the first "Helenam" married firstly "Hermannusdominus Hassie, filius beate Elisabeth" and secondly "Albertusdux Saxonie"[255]. TheAnnales Stadenses records the marriage "1239 die Dyonisii"of "Hermannus filius sanctæ Elizabeth" and "Elenamfiliam ducis Ottonis de Brunswich". TheAnnales Sancti Pantaleonis Coloniensis record that"Hermannus landgravius filius sancte Elysabeth" married "filiamducis de Brunswich"[257]. She married secondly (Papal dispensation 4o 15 May 1244, [1247/48])as his third wife,Albrecht I Dukeof Saxony. She founded the Franciscan Monastery at Wittenberg: anepitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death “VIII Id Sep” 1273of “domina Helena coniunx Alberti I ducis Saxoniæ elect. filia ducis Ottonisde Brunsvig. Fundatrix huius cœnobii”.
b) SOPHIE(Wartburg 20 Mar 1224-[Marburg] 29 May1275, bur Villers). TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the birth "1224mencio tercio XX die" to "beata Elizabeth" of "filiamSophiam in castro Wartperg". TheAnnales Parchenses record the marriage in 1241 of"Heinricus dux Lotharingie" and "Sophiam filiam beateElyzabeth de Thuringia". She was heiress of Hessen, which wasinherited by her son who became Heinrich I "das Kind" Landgraf undHerr von Hessen. The necrology of Thuringia records the death "IV KalJun" of "Sophia filia beate Elyzabeth". m (1241) as his secondwife,HENRI II Dukeof Brabant,son of HENRI I "leGuerroyeur" Duke of Brabant & his first wife Mathilde de Flandre([1207]-Louvain 1 Feb 1248, bur Villers).
c) GERTRUD (1226-1297). TheCronicaReinhardsbrunnensis records the birth in 1226 of "Ludewico secundafilia nomine Sophia" specifying that she became a nun at Kitzingen, although the name is clearly an error. "Sophiafilia B. Elizabeth Landgravia Turingie, domina Hassie, quondam ducissaBrabancie" promised donations to Kloster Altenburg, at the request of"sororis nostre Gertrudis magistre in Aldenburg", by charterdated 15 Oct 1278[263]. Abbess at Altenberg near Wetzlar.
6. KONRAD ([1204]-24 Jul 1241). TheHistoriaBrevis Principum Thuringiæ names (in order) "Ludewicum…HeinricumRaspin…Hermannum qui puer obit et Cunradum" as the four sons of "Hermanno",specifying that Konrad became a knight of the Teutonic Order. "Heinricus Thur. lantgravius etSaxonie comes palat." confirmed a donation by charter dated 16 May1228, with the consent of "matris nostre Sophie, uxoris nostreElisabeth, fratris nostri Cunradi" and names "frater nosterbeate memorie Ludewicus lantgravius". “Henricus...Landgravius Thuringiæ et Saxoniæ comespalatinus...manibus matris nostæ et Conradi fratris nostri” donatedproperty “in Ludirsburnin” to Reinhardsbrunn, for the salvation of “contectalisnostræ Elisabeth” on the day of her burial, by charter dated 1231. TheAnnales Erphordenses record the dispute in 1232between "archiepiscopo Maguntino et Cunrado fratre lantgravii"concerning Heiligenberg during which Konrad set fire to Fritzlar 15 Sep. Landgraf of Thuringia:“Conradus...ThuringieLantgravius” granted land, which “Frethericus comes de Wildungen patruusnoster” had held in “Cygenhagen”, to “nobilibus viris Godefridoet Bertoldo comitibus de Cygenhagen”, by charter dated 25 Nov 1233. He became a Teutonic Knight in [Dec 1233/Aug 1235]: “Heinricus...LantgraviusThuringie et Saxonie comes palatinus” donated “decimam...in Wettere”to the archbishop of Mainz, requesting him to confer it on Kloster Aulesburg,by charter dated 24 Aug 1235, witnessed by “Frater Hermannus de Salzhamagister de domo Teutonica, frater Conradus quondam Lantgravius, Heinricuscomes de Stolberg...”[269]. TheAnnales Erphordenses record the appointmentin 1238 of "frater Cunradus…germanus Heinrici lantgravii" as"domus Teutonico". Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. The necrology of Thuringiarecords the death "IX Kal Aug" of "Frater Conraduslantgravius magister domus Theutonice".
7. HEINRICH RASPE ([1204]-Wartburg 19 Feb 1247, bur Eisenach Katharinenkloster). “Henricus comes Raspe, Henricuscomes de Swarzburg, Diterus comes junior de Berka...” witnessed the charterdated 1227 under which “Ludewicus...Turingiæ Lantgravius et Saxoniæ comespalatinus” settled a dispute between Reinhardsbrunn and Kloster Vallis St.Georgii[272]. He succeeed his brother asHEINRICH RASPE Landgraf of Thuringia,Pfalzgraf von Sachsen, and his nephew in 1241. "Heinricus Thur.lantgravius et Saxonie comes palat." confirmed a donation by charterdated 16 May 1228, with the consent of "matris nostre Sophie, uxorisnostre Elisabeth, fratris nostri Cunradi" and names "fraternoster beate memorie Ludewicus lantgravius". “Henricus...Landgravius Thuringiæ et Saxoniæ comespalatinus...manibus matris nostæ et Conradi fratris nostri” donatedproperty “in Ludirsburnin” to Reinhardsbrunn, for the salvation of “contectalisnostræ Elisabeth” on the day of her burial, by charter dated 1231. “Heinricus...Lantgravius Thuringie et Saxonie comes palatinus”donated “decimam...in Wettere” to the archbishop of Mainz, requestinghim to confer it on Kloster Aulesburg, by charter dated 24 Aug 1235, witnessedby “Frater Hermannus de Salzha magister de domo Teutonica, frater Conradusquondam Lantgravius, Heinricus comes de Stolberg...”. Emperor Friedrich II appointed him joint imperial procurator inGermany in 1242, jointly with Wenzel I King of Bohemia, and as a result hebecame the focus of intrigue by the papal party. He was elected asHEINRICH King ofGermany in Veitshöchheim 22 May 1246 by the archbishops of Köln andMainz[277]. He defeated Konrad IV King of Germany at Frankfurt later in 1246, but wasunsuccessful in a subsequent attack against Otto Duke of Bavaria. TheAnnalesErphordenses record the death "castrum Warberc 1247 XIII Kal Mar"of "Heinricus rex" and his burial "in monasteriosancte Katharine"[278]. TheCronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the death "1248 in diesancta Iuliane in Wartperg" of "Heinricus rex et lantgravius",and his burial at Eisenach[279]. The necrology of Thuringia records the death "XV Kal Mar" of"Heinricus lantgravius rex Romanorum". He died after falling from his horse. m firstly (before 16 May1228)ELISABETH vonBrandenburg, daughter of ALBRECHT II Markgraf von Brandenburg[Askanier] & his wife Mathilde von Lensberg [Wettin] ([1207/16]-1231). TheCronica Principum Saxonie refers to one of the daughters of "Albertussecundus" as "filiam que fuit lantgravio desponsata". "Heinricus Thur. lantgravius et Saxonie comes palat."confirmed a donation by charter dated 16 May 1228, with the consent of "matrisnostre Sophie, uxoris nostre Elisabeth, fratris nostri Cunradi". “Henricus...Landgravius Thuringiæ et Saxoniæ comespalatinus...manibus matris nostæ et Conradi fratris nostri” donatedproperty “in Ludirsburnin” to Reinhardsbrunn, for the salvation of “contectalisnostræ Elisabeth” on the day of her burial, by charter dated 1231. m secondly (WienerNeustadt Feb 1238)GERTRUD of Austria,daughter of LEOPOLD VI Duke of Austria & his wife Theodora --- (-1241). TheAnnales Erphordenses record the marriage in Feb 1238 "inmarchia Stirensi Nova civitate" of "sororem ducis Austrie"and "Heinricus Thuringie lantgravius". The primary source which confirms her name has not beenidentified. m thirdly (1241) as herfirst husband,BEATRIX de Brabant,daughter of HENRI II Duke of Brabant & his first wife Maria von Hohenstaufen(1225-11 Nov 1288, bur Abbaye de Marquette near Lille). TheOude Kronik vanBrabant names (in order) "Mechtildim comitissam Atrebatensem etSancti Pauli, Mariam comitissam palatinam Reni, Beatricem lantgraviam Thuringiepostea comitissam Flandrie, et Margaretam sanctiomonialem, postea abbatissam inValle Ducis" as the daughters of "Henricus secundus et quintusdux Brabancie" and his first wife Marie. TheGenealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ names"Beatrix" as third of the four daughters of "Henricus…secundusdux" and his wife Maria, her first husband "lantgravioTuringie" and her second husband "Willelmo comiti Flandrie",specifying that she was childless. She married secondly (Louvain Nov 1247)GuillaumeIII Count of Flanders.
8. AGNES ([1204]-24 Feb before 1244, bur Heiligenkreuz). TheCronicaReinhardsbrunnensis names "Agnes" as second daughter of"Hermannus" & his second wife, specifying that she married"ducis Austrie". TheAnnales Mellicenses in 1226 record the marriage of"Heinricus filius Liupoldi ducis" and "Agnetem filiamlangravii de Duringia". TheCronica Principum Saxonienames "Agnem, sororem Henrici lantgravii Thuringie" as secondwife of "Albertus dux". The necrology of Heiligenkreuz recordsthe death "VI Kal Mar" of "ducissa Richardis sorLudovici Thuringiæ lantgravii mariti s Elizabethæ, ux Henrici…quinti cognomentoCrudelis" and her burial "in capitulo no",specifying that her husband was last of the line and that their child was namedGertrud[291]. Although the other details are correct, the name "Richza" is amistake for "Agnes", resulting from confusion with the wife ofHeinrich Duke of Mödling, paternal uncle of Duke Heinrich "derGrausame". It is curious that this entry does not refer to her secondhusband, suggesting that there may have been a separation before she died. m firstly (1225)HEINRICH"derGrausame"of Austria, sonofLEOPOLD VI "der Glorreiche"Duke of Austria [Babenberg] & his wife Theodora --- (1208-3 Jan 1228, burKlosterneuburg). msecondly (Acre after 1229)as his secondwife,ALBRECHT I Duke of Saxony,son of BERNHARD I Duke of Saxony, Graf von Aschersleben und von Anhalt &his wife Judyta of Poland (-[27 Sep/7 Nov] 1260, bur Lehnin).
HEINRICH von Wettin, son of DIETRICH "der Bedrängte" Markgraf von Meissen undder Niederlausitz [Wettin] & his wife Jutta von Thüringen ([21 May/23 Sep]1218-1288 before 8 Feb, bur Kloster Altzelle). TheGenealogica Wettinensis names "filiam Hethwigem et filiusOthonem…Sophiam et Conradum filium…et tercium Tidericum" as childrenof "Tidericus comes, filius Othonis marchionis" & his wife, although "tercium Tidericum" appears to be anerror for "Heinricum". He succeeded his father in 1221 asHEINRICH "der Erlauchte"Markgraf von Meissen und der Llausitz, minoruntil 1230. He succeeded in 1247 asLandgraf of Thuringia and Pfalzgrafvon Sachsen, until 1265. He recognised Willem II Count of Holland as King ofGermany and in return was acknowledged as Landgraf of Thuringia and enfeoffedwith the imperial territories previously held by the late Landgraf HeinrichRaspe[293]. Children:
1. ALBRECHT (1240-Erfurt 20 Nov 1314, bur Erfurt St Marien). He succeeded in 1265 asLandgraf ofThuringia and Pfalzgraf von Sachsen, until 1307. He succeeded his fatherin 1288 asALBRECHT II "derEntartete"Markgraf von Meissenuntil 1292. children:
a) FRIEDRICH (1257-Wartburg 16 Nov 1323, bur Eisenach Katharinen Kloster). He succeeded in 1292 asFRIEDRICH I "der Freidige"Markgraf von Meissen. Landgraf of Thuringia1307. TheAnnales Veterocellenses record the death in 1323 of "Fridericusmarchio Misnensis"[294]. children:
i) FRIEDRICH (Gotha 1310-Wartburg 18 Nov 1349, bur Altzelle). The primary source which confirms hisparentage has not been identified. He succeeded his father in 1323 asFRIEDRICH II "der Ernsthafte"Markgraf von Meissen andLandgraf of Thuringia,minor until 1329. The title of Landgraf of Thuringia continued linked to theMarkgrafschaft of Meissen.
- MARKGRAFENvon MEISSEN.
ii) other children: -see MEISSEN.
b) other children: -see MEISSEN.
2. other children: -see MEISSEN.
The following information about the Dukesof Saxony is based largely on Huberty andEuropäische Stammtafeln.
The following reconstruction includes onlyselected primary source references. Posse includes biographical notes ofindividual persons, supported by citation references.
JOHANN FRIEDRICH von Sachsen, son of JOHANN "der Beständige" Elector of Saxony &his first wife Sophie von Mecklenburg (Torgau 30 Jun 1503-Weimar 3 Mar 1554,bur Weimar St Peter & Paul). Spalatinus ([1510]) records the birth 1468 “Misenæ...proximo diepost Petri et Pauli” of his father and the birth on the same day in 1503 of“filius eius Johannes Fridericus Dux ex priori conjuge SophiaMegapolitana...Torgaviæ”[298]. An early supporter of the Reformation, he negotiatedwith the Emperor and other German states as his father's representative. Hesucceeded his father in 1532 asJOHANN FRIEDRICH I "derGrossmütige"Elector of Saxony, and joint Herzog von Sachsen,jointly with his brother (until 1542 when he ceded Coburg to his brother). Hecontinued in his father's footsteps in imposing the Reformation, carrying outthe Second Visitation 1533/35, and organising the disbanding and sale of themonasteries. He founded an academic institution, specialising in theology, atJena, raised to the status of university by Emperor Ferdinand III in 1557. Heimposed his religious beliefs with stubbornness, contrasting with his ownpassion for eating, drinking and hunting. Military conflict with the Emperorwas inevitable with Johann Friedrich's increasing use of the"Schmalkaldischen Bundes" to consolidate Protestantism in Saxony andHessen. He was defeated at Mühlberg 24 Apr 1547 and imprisoned. Under theCapitulation of Wittenberg 19 May 1547, the Emperor deprived him of theelectorate of Saxony which he awarded to his cousin Moritz along with twothirds of the territories of the Ernestine branch. Johann Friedrich was freed19 May 1552, but still refused to give up the electoral title and arms, seeinghimself as a Protestant martyr. The Treaty of Naumburg 24 Feb 1554 representeda final compromise with Elector Moritz: Johann Friedrich received Altenburg,Schmölln, Lucka, Sachsenburg, Eisenberg and Herbsleben, and was given the rightto call himself "geborener Kurfürst". Johann Friedrich'ssingle-minded pursuit of his ambition, fired by his religious zeal, resulted ina further long-term weakening of the position of the Ernestine branch of theWettin family. An epitaph at Weimar records the death3 Mar 1554 of “Johann Friedrich der Elter Herzogk zu Sanchsen und gebornerChurfurst, Lantgraf in Thüringie, Margkgraf zu Meissen”.
m (contract 8 Aug 1526, Torgau 9 Feb 1527)SIBYLLEvon Kleve, daughter of JOHANN III "der Friedfertige" Dukeof Jülich-Kleve-Berg & his wife Marie von Jülich und Berg (Düsseldorf 17Jul 1512-Weimar 21 Feb 1554, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul). An epitaph at Weimar records the death 21 Feb 1554 of “SibillaGebobrne von Jülich, Churf. und Herzogin...”.
Johann Friedrich & his wife had fourchildren:
1. JOHANN FRIEDRICH vonSachsen (Torgau 8 Jan 1529-in prison Steier 19 May1595, bur Coburg). An epitaph at Coburg records the birth 8 Jan 1529 of “JohanFridrich, der Ander Herzog zu Sachssen...”, his marriage with “Agneßgeborner Landgreffin zu Hessen Churfürst zu Sachsen Wittwin” 20 Mar 1555who died “Anno eodem den 4 Novemb”, his second marriage 12 Jun 1558 with“Elisabeth Gebornen Pfaltzgrefin bey Rhein”, his banishment 13 Apr 1567lasting “28 Iar 26 Tage”, and his death 9 May 1595. He succeeded his father 1554 asJOHANNFRIEDRICH II "der Mittlere" jointDuke of Saxony, jointlywith his brothers. He ruled solely from 1557 when his two brothersrelinquished power in his favour. From 1566,Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha. He attempted to re-establish the position lost by his father with a disastrousmilitary campaign against Emperor Ferdinand, known as the "GrumbachscheHändel" after his alliance with the Ritter Grumbach. Johann Friedrich wasdeposed and deprived of all his territories in 1566. He was banished from theEmpire in 1567. See above for his epitaph which records his death. m firstly (Weimar 26 May 1555) as her secondhusband,AGNESvon Hessen, widow ofMORITZ Herzog zu Sachsen, daughter of PHILIPP I "der Grossmütige" Landgraf vonHessen & his first wife Christina Pss zu Sachsen (Marburg 31 May1527-Weimar 4 Nov 1555, bur Weimar Stadtkirche). Anepitaph at Coburg records the birth 8 Jan 1529 of “Johan Fridrich, der AnderHerzog zu Sachssen...”, and his marriage with “Agneß gebornerLandgreffin zu Hessen Churfürst zu Sachsen Wittwin” 20 Mar 1555 who died “Annoeodem den 4 Novemb”[302]. m secondly (Weimar 12 Jun 1558)ELISABETH Pfalzgräfin von Simmern,daughter of FRIEDRICH III Elector Palatine & his first wife MariaMarkgräfin von Brandenburg-Bayreuth (Birkenfeld 30 Jun 1540-Wiener Neustadt 8Feb 1594, bur Coburg St Moritz). An epitaph at Coburgrecords the birth 8 Jan 1529 of “Johan Fridrich, der Ander Herzog zuSachssen...”, and his second marriage 12 Jun 1558 with “ElisabethGebornen Pfaltzgrefin bey Rhein”. Another epitaph at Coburg records the birth 30 Jun 1540 of “ElisabethHerzogin zu Sachsen, geborne Pfaltzgrävin bey Rhein...im Schlos Birckenfeldt...”,her marriage at Weimar 13 Jun 1558, and her death “in ihres Herrn Custodiazur Newstadt in Osterreich” 8 Feb 1594. Johann Friedrich II & his second wifehad four children:
a) JOHANN FRIEDRICH von Sachsen (Weimar 30 Nov1559-Weimar 8 Aug 1560, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul).
b) FRIEDRICH HEINRICH von Sachsen (Heldburg 3 Feb1563-Eisenberg 4 Aug 1572, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul).
c) JOHANN KASIMIR von Sachsen (Gotha 12 Jun 1564-Coburg 16 Jul 1633, bur Coburg St Moritz). He received his father's territories, jointlywith his brother, in 1570 on the abdication of their uncle. Under the divisionof territories agreed with his uncle 6 Nov 1572, Johann Kasimir and his brotherjointly retained Gotha, Coburg, Tenneberg, Eisenach, Creuzburg, Treffurt, halfof Allstedt, Gerstungen, Breitenbach, Kraynburg (Tiefenort), Sonneberg,Veilsdorf, Lichtenberg, Eisfeld, Heldburg, Volkenroda, Römhild, and Salzungen,the Klosters Sonnefeld, Mönchroden and Allendorf, and the towns of Pössneck,Triptis, Auma, Rodach, Hildburghausen, Neustadt an der Heide, Ummerstadt,Schalkau and Walterhausen. He agreed a division of territories with hisbrother 4 Dec 1596, retaining the largest part himself, and established hisresidence at Coburg. m firstly (Dresden16 Jan 1586, divorced 12 Dec 1593)ANNA Pss von Sachsen, daughter ofAUGUST Elector of Saxony, Herzog von Sachsen & his first wife Anna Pss ofDenmark (Dresden 16 Nov 1567-in prison Veste Coburg 27 Jan 1613). m secondly (Coburg 16 Sep 1599)MARGARETA Herzoginvon Braunschweig-Lüneburg, daughter of WILHELM Herzog vonBraunschweig in Lüneburg & his wife Dorothea Pss of Denmark (Celle 6 Apr1573-Celle 7 Aug 1643, bur Celle Unsere Liebe Frau).
d) JOHANN ERNST von Sachsen (Gotha 9 Jul 1566-Eisenach 23 Oct 1638, bur Eisenach StGeorgenkirche). He received his father'sterritories, jointly with his brother, in 1570 on the abdication of theiruncle. Under the division of territories agreed with his uncle 6 Nov 1572, heand his brother jointly retained Gotha, Coburg, Tenneberg, Eisenach, Creuzburg,Treffurt, half of Allstedt, Gerstungen, Breitenbach, Kraynburg (Tiefenort),Sonneberg, Veilsdorf, Lichtenberg, Eisfeld, Heldburg, Volkenroda, Römhild, andSalzungen, the Klosters Sonnefeld, Mönchroden and Allendorf, and the towns ofPössneck, Triptis, Auma, Rodach, Hildburghausen, Neustadt an der Heide,Ummerstadt, Schalkau and Walterhausen. He agreed a division of territorieswith his brother 4 Dec 1596, retaining Eisenach, Creuzburg (with Marksühl),Gerstungen, Breitenbach, Kraynburg, Tenneberg, Volkenroda, Lichtenberg, half ofSalzungen, Kloster Allendorf, half of Allstedt, and established his residenceat Eisenach. He succeeded his brother in all his territories in 1633. m firstly (Wiener Neustadt 23 Nov 1591)ELISABETH von Mansfeld, daughter of JOHANN Grafvon Mansfeld & his wife --- (1565-Marksuhl 12 Apr 1596, bur Creuzburg StNicolai). m secondly (Rotenburg 14 May1598)CHRISTINELandgräfin von Hessen-Kassel, daughter of WILHELM IV Landgrafvon Hessen zu Kassel & his wife Sophie Sabine von Württemberg (Kassel 19Oct 1578-Eisenach 19 Aug 1658, bur Eisenach St Georgenkirche). Johann Ernst& his first wife had one child:
i) JOHANN FRIEDRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach (band d Marksuhl 8 Apr 1596, bur Creuzburg).
2. JOHANN WILHELM von Sachsen (Torgau 11 Mar 1530-Weimar 2 Mar 1573, bur Weimar St Peter &Paul). He succeeded his father 1554 asJOHANNWILHELM jointDuke of Saxony, jointly with his brothers.
- see below.
3. JOHANN ERNST von Sachsen (Weimar 5 Jan1535-Weimar 11 Jan 1535, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul).
4. JOHANN FRIEDRICH vonSachsen (Torgau 16 Jan 1538-Jena 31 Oct 1565, burWeimar St Peter & Paul). He succeeded his father 1554 asJOHANNFRIEDRICH III jointDuke of Saxony, jointly with his brothers. Along with his brother Johann Wilhelm, Johann Friedrich III relinquished powerin favour of their brother Johann Friedrich II in 1557.
JOHANN WILHELM von Sachsen, son of JOHANN FRIEDRICH I "der Grossmütige" Elector ofSaxony & his wife Sibylle von Kleve (Torgau 11 Mar 1530-Weimar 2 Mar 1573,bur Weimar St Peter & Paul). Hesucceeded his father in 1554 asJOHANN WILHELM jointDuke of Saxony,jointly with his brothers. Along with his brother Johann Friedrich III, JohannWilhelm relinquished power in favour of their brother Johann Friedrich II in1557. He established his residence at Coburg in 1566. Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar. He succeeded to all his brother's territories in 1566,when the latter was deposed. He abdicated in favour of his nephews in 1570,but agreed a new division of territories with them 6 Nov 1572 under which heacquired Weimar, Jena, Rossla, Leuchtenburg, Altenburg, Eisenberg, Bürgei,Dornburg, Camburg, Roda, Saalfeld, Kapellendorf, Ringleben, Ichtershausen,Wachsenburg, Georgenthal, Schwarzwald, Reinhardsbrunn, Kloster Lausnitz, andthe towns of Buttstädt, Buttlestedt, Madgala, Kaula, Orlamünde, Lobeda,Schmölln, Lucka and Neumark. He established his residence at Weimar.
m (Heidelberg 15 Jun 1560)DOROTHEA SUSANNA Pfalzgräfin vonSimmern, daughter of FRIEDRICH III Elector Palatine & hisfirst wife MariaMarkgräfin von Brandenburg-Bayreuth(Simmern 15 Nov 1544-Weimar 8 Apr 1592, bur Weimar St Peter &Paul).
Johann Wilhelm & his wife had fourchildren:
1. FRIEDRICH WILHELM vonSachsen (Weimar 25 Apr 1562-Weimar 7 Jul 1602, burWeimar St Peter und St Paul/Stadtkirche). He succeeded his father 1573 asFRIEDRICH WILHELM I JointHerzog vonSachsen-Altenburg, jointly with his brother, minor until 1586. Heestablished his residence at Altenburg. m firstly(Weimar 5 May 1583)SOPHIE Herzogin von Württemberg,daughter ofCHRISTOPH Herzog von Württemberg-Montbéliard& his wife Anna Maria von Brandenburg(Stuttgart 20Nov 1563-Vacha 21 Jul 1590, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul). m secondly (Neuburg an der Donau 9 Sep 1591)ANNA MARIAPfalzgräfin, daughter of PHILIPP LUDWIG Pfalzgraf von Neuburg& his wife Anna Pss von Kleve (Neuburg an der Donau 18 Aug 1575-Dornburg ander Saale 11 May 1643, bur Altenburg Brüderkirche). Friedrich Wilhelm I &his first wife had six children:
a) DOROTHEA MARIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Altenburg(Weimar 8 May 1584-Weimar 9 Sep 1586, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul).
b) JOHANN WILHELM Erbherzog von Sachsen-Altenburg(Weimar 30 Jun 1585-Weimar 23 Jan 1587, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul).
c) FRIEDRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Altenburg (Weimar26 Sep 1586-Weimar 19 Jan 1587, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul).
d) DOROTHEA SOPHIE Herzoginvon Sachsen-Altenburg (Weimar 19 Dec 1587-Weimar 10Feb 1645, bur Quedlinburg). Abbess of Quedlinburg 1618.
e) ANNA MARIA Herzogin vonSachsen-Altenburg (Weimar 31 Mar 1589-Dresden 15Dec 1626, bur Altenburg Brüderkirche).
f) JOHANN PHILIPP Herzog vonSachsen-Altenburg (Torgau 25 Jan 1597-Altenburg 1Apr 1639, bur Altenburg Brüderkirche). Hesucceeded his father 1602 asJOHANN PHILIPP JointHerzog vonSachsen-Altenburg, jointly with his brothers, minor until 1618. He and hisbrothers agreed a partition of territories with their uncle 13 Nov 1603, underwhich the former received jointly Altenburg, Ronneburg, Eisenburg with KlosterLausnitz, Dornburg, Camburg, the monastery of Heusdorf, Rossla, Bürgel, Roda,Leuchtenberg, Orlamünde, Saalfeld, Zella, and ½ Allstedt, and the towns ofSchmölln, Lucka, Camburg and Sulza. At the same time, the uncle and hisnephews ruled jointly over Henneberg, the University of Jena, Georgenthaler Hofat Erfurt, Mühlberg and Tonndorf. From 1631, at Remda and Schauenforst. m (Altenburg 25 Oct 1618) as her second husband,ELISABETH Herzoginvon Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, widow ofAUGUST Herzog zu SachsenAdministrator of Naumburg-Zeitz, daughter of HEINRICH JULIUS Herzog vonBraunschweig-Wolfenbüttel & his second wife Elisabeth Pss of Denmark (Wolfenbüttel23 Jun 1593-Altenburg 25 Mar 1650, bur Altenburg Brüderkirche). Johann Philipp& his wife had one child:
i) ELISABETH SOPHIA Herzoginvon Sachsen-Altenburg (Halle 10 Oct 1619-Gotha 20Dec 1680, bur Gotha Margarethenkirche). m (Altenburg 24 Oct 1636)ERNST I"der Fromme"Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar,son of JOHANN Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar & his wife Dorothea Maria Pss vonAnhalt (Altenburg 25 Dec 1601-Schloß Friedenstein Gotha 26 Mar 1675, bur GothaMargarethenkirche). Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha 1641.
Friedrich WilhelmI & his second wife had five children:
g) ANNA SOPHIE Herzogin vonSachsen-Altenburg (Torgau 3 Feb 1598-Oels 20 Mar1641, bur Oels St Johannes). m (Oels 4 Dec1618) as his first wife,KARLFRIEDRICH Herzog von Münsterberg-Oels in Oels,sonof KARL II Duke of Münsterberg-Oels in Bernstadt [Podiebrad] & his secondwife Elisabeth Magdalena von Brieg [Piast](18 Oct1593-Oels 31 May 1647, bur Oels).
h) FRIEDRICH Herzog vonSachsen-Altenburg (Torgau 12 Feb 1599-killed inbattle Seelze 25 Oct 1625, bur Altenburg Brüderkirche). He succeeded hisfather 1602 asFRIEDRICH IIJointHerzog von Sachsen-Altenburg,jointly with his brothers. He and his brothers agreed a partition ofterritories with their uncle 13 Nov 1603, under which the former receivedjointly Altenburg, Ronneburg, Eisenburg with Kloster Lausnitz, Dornburg,Camburg, the monastery of Heusdorf, Rossla, Bürgel, Roda, Leuchtenberg,Orlamünde, Saalfeld, Zella, and ½ Allstedt, and the towns of Schmölln, Lucka,Camburg and Sulza. At the same time, the uncle and his nephews ruled jointlyover Henneberg, the University of Jena, Georgenthaler Hof at Erfurt, Mühlbergand Tonndorf. Colonel in the Danish army.
i) JOHANN WILHELM Herzog vonSachsen-Altenburg (Torgau 13 Apr 1600-Brieg 2 Dec1632, bur Dresden Sophienkirche). He succeeded his father 1602 asJOHANNWILHELM IIJointHerzog von Sachsen-Altenburg, jointly with hisbrothers. He and his brothers agreed a partition of territories with theiruncle 13 Nov 1603, under which the former received jointly Altenburg,Ronneburg, Eisenburg with Kloster Lausnitz, Dornburg, Camburg, the monastery ofHeusdorf, Rossla, Bürgel, Roda, Leuchtenberg, Orlamünde, Saalfeld, Zella, and ½Allstedt, and the towns of Schmölln, Lucka, Camburg and Sulza. At the sametime, the uncle and his nephews ruled jointly over Henneberg, the University ofJena, Georgenthaler Hof at Erfurt, Mühlberg and Tonndorf. Colonel in the armyof Electoral Saxony.
j) DOROTHEA Herzogin vonSachsen-Altenburg (Torgau 26 Jun 1601-Altenburg 10May 1675, bur Altenburg Brüderkirche). Coadjutrixof Quedlinburg 1628-1633. m (Weimar 24Jun 1633)ALBRECHT Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach,son of JOHANN Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar & his wife Dorothea Maria Pss vonAnhalt (Altenburg 27 Jul 1599-Eisenach 20 Dec 1644, bur Eisenach StGeorgenkirche).
k) FRIEDRICH WILHELM Herzogvon Sachsen-Altenburg (posthumously Weimar 12 Feb1603-Altenburg 22 Apr 1669, bur Altenburg Schloßkirche). He succeeded from birth asFRIEDRICHWILHELM IIJointHerzog von Sachsen-Altenburg, jointly with hisbrothers. He ruled solely after the death of his brother Johann Philipp 1639. Under the pact of Eisenberg reached13 Feb 1640 with Wilhelm Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar following the death of Johann Ernst Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenachin 1639, he acquired 1/3 of the possessions of the latter, thereafter ruling inCoburg, Rodach, ½ Schalkau, Römhild, Hildburghausen and Neustadt an der Heidebei Coburg, ½ Allstedt, Sonnenberg, the monasteries of Mönchroden andSonnefeld, and the town of Pössneck. Under the partition of the county ofHenneberg agreed 9 Aug 1660 with the Elector of Saxony, Wilhelm Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar and Ernst I Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha, he received Themar andMeiningen. m firstly (Schloß Altenburg18/28 Sep 1638)SOPHIE ELISABETHMarkgräfin von Brandenburg, daughter of CHRISTIAN WILHELMMarkgraf von Brandenburg & his wife --- (Moritzburg, Halle an der Saale 22Jan/1 Feb 1616-Schloß Altenburg 6/16 Mar 1650, bur Altenburg Brüderkirche). m secondly (Dresden 11 Oct 1652) as her secondhusband,MAGDALENE SIBYLLE Herzogin vonSachsen, widow ofCHRISTIAN Crown Prince of Denmark,daughter of JOHANN GEORG I Elector of Saxony & hissecond wife Magdalene Sibylle Pss von Preußen (Dresden 23 Dec 1617-Altenburg 6Jan 1668, bur Altenburg Schloßkirche). FriedrichWilhelm II & his second wife had three children:
i) CHRISTIAN Erbherzog vonSachsen-Altenburg (chr 27 Feb Altenburg1654-Altenburg 5 Jun 1663, bur Altenburg Schloßkirche).
ii) JOHANNA MAGDALENE Herzoginvon Sachsen-Altenburg (Altenburg 14 Jan1656-Weissenfels 22 Jan 1686, bur Weissenfels Schloßkirche). m(Altenburg 25 Oct/4 Nov 1671) as his first wife,JOHANN ADOLF Herzog vonSachsen-Weissenfels,son of AUGUSTHerzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels& his first wife Anna Maria Herzogin von Mecklenburg-Schwerin(Halle 1649-Weissenfels 24 May 1697, bur Weissenfels Schloßkirche). He succeeded in 1680 asHerzog vonSachsen-Weissenfels.
iii) FRIEDRICH WILHELM Herzogvon Sachsen-Altenburg (Altenburg 12 Jul1657-Altenburg 14 Apr 1672, bur Altenburg Schloßkirche). He succeeded hisfather 1669 asFRIEDRICH WILHELM III Herzog von Sachsen-Altenburg,minor.
2. SIBYLLE MARIE von Sachsen (Weimar 7 Nov1563-Altenburg 20 Feb 1569, bur Sibylle Marie (Weimar 1563-Altenburg 1569, burWeimar St Peter & Paul).
3. JOHANN Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar (Weimar 22 May 1570-Weimar 18 Jul1605, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul). Hesucceeded his father 1573 asJOHANN jointHerzog von Sachsen,jointly with his brother, minor until 1586.
- seebelow.
4. MARIA von Sachsen (Weimar 7 Oct 1571-7 Mar 1610, bur Quedlinburg). Abbess ofQuedlinburg 1601.
The following reconstruction includes noprimary source references. Posse includes biographical notes of individualpersons, supported by citation references.
JOHANN Herzogvon Sachsen-Weimar, son of JOHANN WILHELM Duke of Saxony & his wifeDorothea Susanne Pfalzgräfin von Simmern (Weimar 22 May 1570-Weimar 18 Jul1605, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul). Hesucceeded his father in 1573 asJOHANN jointDuke of Saxony,jointly with his brother, minor until 1586. He established his residence atWeimar, from which time he was known asHerzog von Sachsen-Weimar. After the death of his older brother, he agreed a partition of territories withhis nephews 13 Nov 1603, under which he received Weimar, Jena, Burgau,Königsberg, Oldisleben, Ringleben, Ichtershausen, Wachsenburg, Reinhardsbrunn,Georgenthal, Schwarzwald, Kapellendorf, and the towns of Lobeda, Buttstädt,Rastenburg, Buttelstadt, Neumark and Magdala. At the same time, he and hisnephews ruled jointly over Henneberg, the University of Jena, Georgenthaler Hofat Erfurt, Mühlberg and Tonndorf.
m (Altenburg 7 Jan 1593)DOROTHEA MARIA von Anhalt,daughter ofJOACHIM ERNST Fürst von Anhalt in Zerbst, Bernburg, Köthen und Dessau& his second wife Eleonore von Württemberg (Dessau 2 Jul1574-Weimar 18 Jul 1617, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul).
Johann & his wife had twelve children:
1. JOHANN ERNST Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar (Altenburg 21 Feb 1594-Sankt Martin,Hungary 27 Nov/6 Dec 1626, bur St Peter & Paul). He succeeded his father in1605 asJOHANN ERNST jointHerzog von Sachsen-Weimar, jointlywith his brothers, minor until 1611.
2. CHRISTIAN WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar (band d Altenburg 6 Apr 1595).
3. FRIEDRICH Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar (Altenburg 1 Mar 1596-killed inbattle Fleury 19 Aug 1622, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul). He succeeded hisfather in 1605 asFRIEDRICH jointHerzog von Sachsen-Weimar,jointly with his brothers, minor until ----.
4. JOHANN Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar (Weimar 31 Mar1597-Weimar 6 Oct 1604, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul).
5. WILHELM Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar (Altenburg 11 Apr 1598-Weimar 17 May1662, bur Weimar Friedhof). Twin with hisstillborn brother. He succeeded his father in 1605 asWILHELM "derGrosse" jointHerzog von Sachsen-Weimar, jointly with his brothers,minor.
- see below.
6. son stillborn (Altenburg 11 Apr 1598). Twinwith Johann.
7. ALBRECHT Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar (Altenburg 27 Jul 1599-Eisenach 20Dec 1644, bur Eisenach St Georgenkirche). Hesucceeded his father in 1605 asALBRECHT jointHerzog vonSachsen-Weimar, jointly with his brothers, minor until ----. He dividedterritories with his two surviving brothers 12 Sep 1641, taking Eisenach (withWartburg), Volkenroda, Creuzburg (with Marksuhl and Burkhardtroda), Kraynberg,Gerstungen (with Haus Breitenbach), Salzunhen, Lichtenberg (with Ostheim),Heldburg (with Ummerstadt), Eisfeld, Hildburghausen, Veilsdorf, the monasteryof Allendorf and ½ Georgenthaler Hof at Erfurt, from which time he was known asHerzog von Sachsen-Eisenach. m(Weimar 24 Jun 1633)DOROTHEAHerzogin von Sachsen-Altenburg, daughter of FRIEDRICH WILHELM IHerzog von Sachsen-Altenburg & his second wife Anna Maria Pfalzgräfin (Torgau26 Jun 1601-Altenburg 10 Apr 1675, bur Altenburg Brüderkirche).
8. JOHANN FRIEDRICH Herzogvon Sachsen-Weimar (Altenburg 19 Sep 1600-Weimar 17Oct 1628, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul). He succeeded his father 1605 asJOHANNFRIEDRICH jointHerzog von Sachsen-Weimar, jointly with hisbrothers, minor until 1611.
9. ERNST Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar (Altenburg 25 Dec 1601-SchloßFriedenstein Gotha 26 Mar 1675, bur Gotha Margarethenkirche). He succeeded his father in 1605 asERNST I"der Fromme" JointHerzog von Sachsen-Weimar, jointly with hisbrothers, minor until 1611. He divided territories with his two survivingbrothers 12 Sep 1641, taking Gotha (with Reinhardsbrunn), Tenneberg (withWaltershausen), Georgenthal, Schwarzbrunn, Wachsenburg, Ichtershausen,Königsberg, Tonndorf and Salzungen, after which he was known asHerzog vonSachsen-Gotha.
- HERZÖGE von SACHSEN-GOTHA.
10. FRIEDRICH WILHELM Herzogvon Sachsen-Weimar (Weimar 7 Feb 1603-Georgenthal16 Aug 1619, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul). He succeeded his father in 1605asFRIEDRICH WILHELM jointHerzog von Sachsen-Weimar, jointlywith his brothers, minor.
11. BERNHARD Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar (Weimar 6 Aug1604-Neuenburg/Oberrhein 18 Jul 1639, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul). Hesucceeded his father in 1605 asBERNHARD jointHerzog vonSachsen-Weimar, jointly with his brothers, minor. General in the Swedisharmy 1632. Herzog von Franken 1633.
12. JOHANNA Herzogin von Sachsen-Weimar(posthumously Weimar 14 Apr 1606-Weimar 3 Jul 1609, bur Weimar St Peter &Paul).
WILHELMHerzog von Sachsen-Weimar, son of JOHANN Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar& his wife Dorothea Maria Pss von Anhalt (Altenburg 11 Apr 1598-Weimar 17May 1662, bur Weimar Friedhof). Twin with hisstillborn brother. He succeeded his father in 1605 asWILHELM "derGrosse" jointHerzog von Sachsen-Weimar, jointly with his brothers,minor. He ruled effectively in Weimar from the death of his older brotherJohann Ernst in 1626. On the death of the last Graf von Gleichen in 1631,Wilhelm acquired Remda. Under the pact of Eisenberg agreed 13 Feb 1640 withFriedrich Wilhelm II Herzog von Sachsen-Altenburg, following the death ofJohann Ernst Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach in 1639, Wilhelm acquired two thirdsof the possessions of the latter, thereafter ruling in Eisenach (withWartburg), Volkenroda, Lichtenberg (with the town of Ostheim), Creuzburg(including Marksuhl and Burkhardtroda), Kraynburg, Gerstungen (with HausBreitenbach), the monastery of Allendorf, Salzungen, Gotha (with the monasteryof Reinhardsbrunn), Heldburg, Ummerstadt, Tennberg, Waltershausen, Veilsdorfand Eisfeld. He divided territories with his two surviving brothers 12 Sep1641, taking Weimar, Jena, Burgau, Ringleben, Capellendorf, Berka, Schwansee,Magdala, Brembach and Gebstedt, and the towns of Buttstädt, Buttelstedt,Rastenberg, Lobeda, Neumark and Magdala, and Oldisleben. He and his brotherErnst agreed a partition of the territories of their deceased brother Albrecht30 Mar 1645, under which he acquired Eisenach (with Wartburg), Creuzburg(including Marksuhl and Burkhardtroda) and Gerstungen (with Haus Breitenbach),Lichtenberg (with the town of Ostheim), and half of Georgenthaler Hof atErfurt. Under the partition of the county of Henneberg agreed 9 Aug 1660 withthe Elector of Saxony, Friedrich Wilhelm II Herzog von Sachsen-Altenburg andErnst I Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha, Wilhelm received Ilmenau and Kaltennordheim.
m (Weimar 23 May 1625)ELEONORE DOROTHEA Pss vonAnhalt-Dessau, daughter of JOHANN GEORG Fürst von Anhalt-Dessau& his second wife Dorothea Pfalzgräfin von Simmern (Dessau 6/16 Feb1602-Weimar 26 Dec 1664, bur Weimar Friedhof).
Wilhelm & his wife had nine children:
1. WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar (26 Mar Weimar1626-1 Nov 1626, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul).
2. JOHANN ERNST Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar (Weimar 11 Sep 1627-Weimar 15 May1683, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul, later Friedhof). He succeeded his father in 1662 asJOHANNERNST II Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar.
- see below.
3. JOHANN WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar (Weimar16 Aug 1630-Weimar 16 May 1639, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul).
4. ADOLF WILHELM Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar (Weimar 14 May 1632-Eisenach 22 Nov1668, bur Eisenach St Georgenkirche). Hesucceeded his father 1662 asADOLF WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach. m (Wolfenbüttel 18 Jan 1663) as herfirst husband,MARIE ELISABETH Herzogin vonBraunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, daughter of AUGUST Herzog vonBraunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel & his third wife Sophie Elisabeth vonMecklenburg-Güstrow (Braunschweig 7 Jan 1638-Coburg 15 Feb 1687, bur Coburg StMoritz). She married secondly (Gotha 18 Jul 1676)AlbrechtHerzog von Sachsen Gotha (-Coburg 6 Aug 1699, bur Coburg StMoritz). Adolf Wilhelm & his wife had five children:
a) KARL AUGUST Erbherzog von Sachsen-Eisenach(Eisenach 21 Jan 1664-Eisenach 14 Feb 1665, bur St Georgenkirche).
b) FRIEDRICH WILHELM Erbherzog von Sachsen-Eisenach(Eisenach 2 Feb 1665-Eisenach 3 May 1665, bur St Georgenkirche).
c) ADOLF WILHELM Erbherzog von Sachsen-Eisenach(Eisenach 26 Jun 1666-Eisenach 11 Dec 1666, bur St Georgenkirche).
d) ERNST AUGUST Erbherzog von Sachsen-Eisenach(Eisenach 28 Aug 1667-Eisenach 8 Feb 1668, bur St Georgenkirche).
e) WILHELM AUGUST Erbherzog von Sachsen-Eisenach(posthumously Eisenach 30 Nov 1668-Eisenach 23 Feb 1671, bur StGeorgenkirche). He succeeded from his birth in 1668 asWILHELM AUGUSTHerzog von Sachsen-Eisenach.
5. JOHANN GEORG Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar (Weimar 12 Jul 1634-while hunting inEckhartshausen Forest 19 Sep 1686, bur Eisenach St Georgenkirche). He succeeded his father in 1662 asJOHANNGEORG I Herzog von Sachsen-Marksuhl. From 1672Herzog vonSachsen-Eisenach.
- HERZÖGE von SACHSEN-EISENACH.
6. WILHELMINE ELEONOREHerzogin von Sachsen-Weimar (Weimar 7 Jun1636-Weimar 1 Apr 1653, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul).
7. BERNHARD Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar (Weimar 14 Oct 1638-Jena 3 May 1678,bur Jena St Michael). Established his residence atJena 1662, asBERNHARD Herzog von Sachsen-Jena. He and his brothersagreed a partition of territories 25 Jul 1672, under which he acquired Jena(with Burgau and Lobeda), Bürgel (with Gniebsdorf), Dornburg, Allstedt,Gelbstedt, Magdala, Kappellendorf, Heusdorf, Apolda, Buttlestedt, Döbritschen,Wiegendorf and ½ Georgenthaler at Erfurt. m(Paris 10 Jun 1662)MARIE CHARLOTTE de la Trémoïlle,daughter of HENRI de la Trémoïlle Duc de Thouars & his wife Marie de laTour des ducs de Bouillon (Thouars 26 Jan 1632-Jena 24 Aug 1682). Mistress (1):MARIEELISABETH [Emilie]von Kospoth,daughter of --- (-Magdeburg 8 Feb 1716). She was known as “Madame von Alstädt”. Created Gräfin von Alstädtby Imperial Order Vienna 9 Nov 1676. Bernhard & his wife had fivechildren:
a) WILHELM Erbherzog von Sachsen-Jena (Jena 24 Jul1664-Jena 21 Jun 1666, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul).
b) daughter stillborn (Jena 7 Apr 1666).
c) BERNHARD Erbherzog von Sachsen-Jena (Jena 9 Nov 1667-Jena 26 Apr 1668).
d) CHARLOTTE MARIE Herzoginvon Sachsen-Jena (Jena 20 Dec 1669-Gräfentonna 6Jan 1703, bur Gräfentonna). m (Eisenach 2 Nov 1683, divorced 23 Aug 1690) herfirst cousin,WILHELM ERNST Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar, sonof JOHANN ERNST II Herzogvon Sachsen-Weimar & his wife Christine Elisabeth Herzogin vonSchleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg(Weimar 19 Oct1662-Weimar 26 Aug 1728, bur Weimar Friedhof).
e) JOHANN WILHELM Erbherzogvon Sachsen-Jena (Jena 28 Mar 1675-Jena 4 Nov 1690,bur Jena Pfarrkirche). He succeeded his father 1678 asJOHANN WILHELM IHerzog von Sachsen-Jena, minor.
Bernhard had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):
f) EMILIEELEONORE von Kospoth(Dornburg 20 Sep 1674-Merseburg 3 May 1709). She was legitimated as Gräfin vonAlstädt by Imperial Order Vienna 9 Nov 1676. m(Schloß Dornburg 2 Oct 1692)OTTO WILHELM vonTümpling, son of --- (-Karlsbad 28 Jun 1730). Court Marshall ofDucal Saxony in Merseburg.
8. FRIEDRICH Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar (Weimar 19 Mar 1640-Weimar 19 Aug1656, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul).
9. DOROTHEA MARIE Herzoginvon Sachsen-Weimar (Weimar 14 Oct 1641-Moritzburgan der Elster 11 Jun 1675, bur Moritzburg an der Elster). m(Weimar 3 Jul 1656)as his second wife,MORITZ Herzog vonSachsen-Zeitz,son of JOHANN GEORG IElector of Saxony & his second wife Magdalene Sibylle Pss von Preußen (Dresden28 Mar 1619-Moritzburg an der Elster 4 Dec 1681, bur Moritzburg).
JOHANN ERNST Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar, son of WILHELM "der Grosse" Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar &his wife Eleonore Dorothea Pss von Anhalt-Dessau (Weimar 11 Sep 1627-Weimar 15May 1683, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul, later Friedhof). He succeeded his father in 1662 asJOHANNERNST II Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar. After the death of his nephew WilhelmAugust Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach, he and his brothers agreed a partition ofterritories 25 Jul 1672, under which he acquired Weimar, Ilmenau, Oberweimar,Rossla, Berka, Brembach, Zillbach, Buttstädt, and Rastenberg.
m (Weimar 14 Aug 1656)CHRISTIANEELISABETH Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, daughterof JOHANN CHRISTIAN Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg & his wife AnnaGräfin von Oldenburg (Sonderburg 23 Jun 1638-Weimar 7 Jun 1679, bur WeimarFriedhof).
Johann Ernst & his wife had fivechildren:
1. ANNA DOROTHEA Herzogin vonSachsen-Weimar (Weimar 12 Nov 1657-Quedlinburg 23Jun 1704, bur Weimar Friedhof). Abbess of Quedlinburg 1685.
2. WILHELMINA CHRISTINAHerzogin von Sachsen-Weimar (Weimar 26 Nov1658-Sondershausen 30 Jun 1712, bur Sondershausen). m(Sondershausen 1684)CHRISTIAN WILHELM Fürst vonSchwarzburg-Sondershausen, son of --- (-Sondershausen 10 May 1721,bur Sondershausen).
3. ELEONORE SOPHIE Herzoginvon Sachsen-Weimar (Weimar 22 Mar 1660-Lauchstädt 4Feb 1687, bur Merseburg Cathedral). m (Weimar 9 Jul 1684) as his first wife,PHILIPP Herzog vonSachsen-Merseburg zu Lauchstädt, son of CHRISTIAN I Herzog vonSachsen-Merseburg & his wife Christiane Herzogin vonSchleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (Merseburg 1657-killed in battleFleury 20 Jun/1 Jul 1690, bur Merseburg Cathedral).
4. WILHELM ERNST Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar (Weimar 19 Oct 1662-Weimar 26 Aug1728, bur Weimar Friedhof). He succeeded hisfather 1683 asWILHELM ERNSTjointHerzog von Sachsen-Weimar,jointly with his brother. After the death of his first cousin Johann WilhelmHerzog von Sachsen-Jena in 1690, he and his brother agreed a partition ofterritories 12 Jul 1691 with their first cousins under which Wilhelm Ernstacquired Dornburg, Bürgel (with Gniebsdorf), Kappellendorf, Heusdorf, Magdala,Gebstedt, Apola, Buttelstädt, Döbritschen and Wiegendorf. m (Eisenach 2 Nov 1683, divorced 23 Aug 1690) hisfirst cousin,CHARLOTTEMARIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Jena, daughter of BERNHARD Herzog vonSachsen-Jena & his wife Marie Charlotte de La Trémoïlle (Jena 20 Dec1669-Gräfentonna 6 Jan 1703, bur Gräfentonna Kirche).
5. JOHANN ERNST Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar (Weimar 22 Jun 1664-Weimar 10 Jun1707, bur Weimar Friedhof). He succeededhis father in 1683 asJOHANN ERNST IIIjointHerzog vonSachsen-Weimar, jointly with his brother. After the death of his firstcousin Johann Wilhelm Herzog von Sachsen-Jena in 1690, he and his brotheragreed a partition of territories 12 Jul 1691 with their first cousins underwhich Johann Ernst III acquired Kappellendorf, Heusdorf and Magdala. m firstly (Zerbst 11 Oct 1685)SOPHIE AUGUSTAPss von Anhalt-Zerbst, daughter of JOHANN Fürst vonAnhalt-Zerbst & his wife Sophie Augusta Herzogin von Holstein-Gottorp(Zerbst 9 Mar 1663-Weimar 14 Sep 1694, bur Weimar Friedhof). m secondly (Kassel 4 Nov 1694)CHARLOTTEDOROTHEA SOPHIE Landgräfin von Hessen-Homburg, daughter ofFRIEDRICH II“mit dem silbernen Bein”Landgraf von Hessen-Homburg zu Hötensleben& his second wife Luise Elisabeth Pssof Courland (Kassel 17 Jun 1672-Weimar 29 Aug 1738, bur Weimar Friedhof). Johann Ernst & his first wife had five children:
a) JOHANN WILHELM Erbherzog von Sachsen-Weimar(Weimar 4 Jun 1686-Weimar 14 Oct 1686, bur Weimar Friedhof).
b) ERNST AUGUST Erbherzog vonSachsen-Weimar (Weimar 19 Apr 1688-Eisenach 19 Jan1748, bur Weimar Friedhof). He succeeded hisfather in 1707 asERNST AUGUST I jointHerzog von Sachsen-Weimar,jointly with his uncle.
- see below.
c) ELEONORE CHRISTIANE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weimar(Weimar 15 Apr 1689-Weimar 7 Feb 1690, bur Weimar Friedhof).
d) JOHANNA AUGUSTE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weimar(Weimar 6 Jul 1690-Weimar 24 Aug 1691, bur Weimar Friedhof).
e) JOHANNA CHARLOTTE Herzoginvon Sachsen-Weimar (Weimar 23 Nov 1693-Weimar 3 Mar1751, bur Weimar Friedhof).
Johann Ernst& his second wife had four children:
f) KARL FRIEDRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar (Weimar31 Oct 1695-Weimar 30 Mar 1696, bur Weimar Friedhof).
g) JOHANN ERNST Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar (Weimar 25 Dec 1696-Frankfurt amMain 1 Aug 1715, bur Weimar Friedhof).
h) MARIE LUISE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weimar (Weimar18 Dec 1697-Weimar 29 Dec 1704, bur Weimar Friedhof).
i) CHRISTIANE SOPHIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weimar(Weimar 7 Apr 1700-Weimar 19 Feb 1701, bur Weimar Friedhof).
ERNSTAUGUST Erbherzog von Sachsen-Weimar, son of JOHANN ERNST III Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar & his first wife Sophie Augusta Pss von Anhalt-Zerbst (Weimar19 Apr 1688-Eisenach 19 Jan 1748, bur Weimar Friedhof). He succeeded his father in 1707 asERNSTAUGUST I jointHerzog von Sachsen-Weimar, jointly with his uncle. He ruled solely from his uncle's death in 1728. Having inherited healthyfinances from his uncle, he squandered resources on the construction ofextravagances such as the castles of Dornburg and Belvedere, and the huntinghouses of Bad Berka and Ettersberg. He also wasted money establishing his ownregiment to further his military ambitions. Field Marshal Lieutenant in theImperial army 1729, General of Cavalry 1732. He inherited Eisenach and Jena onthe death of his cousin Wilhelm Heinrich Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach in 1741,but soon came into conflict with the Eisenach administrative authorities. He wasalso in dispute with the University of Jena.
m firstly (Nienburg 24 Jan 1716) as her second husband,ELEONORE WILHELMINEPss von Anhalt-Köthen, widow ofFRIEDRICH ERDMANN Erbherzog vonSachsen-Merseburg, daughterof EMANUEL LEBRECHT Fürst von Anhalt-Köthen & his wife GiselaAgnes [von] Rath (Köthen 7 May 1696-Weimar 30 Aug 1726, bur Weimar Friedhof).
m secondly (Bayreuth 7 Apr 1734)SOPHIECHARLOTTE ALBERTINE Markgräfin von Brandenburg-Bayreuth,daughter of GEORG FRIEDRICH KARL Markgraf von Brandenburg-Bayreuth& his wife Dorothea Herzogin vonSchleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck(Schloß Weferlingen27 Jul 1713-Ilmenau 2 Mar 1747, bur Ilmenau).
Mistress (1):FRIEDERIKE von Marschall,daughter of FRIEDRICH WILHELM von Marschall & his wife Christine ElisabethVitzthum von Eckstädt.
Ernst August I & his first wife hadeight children:
1. WILHELM ERNST Erbherzog von Sachsen-Weimar(Weimar 4 Jul 1717-Halle 8 Jun 1719). Twin with Wilhelmine Auguste.
2. WILHELMINE AUGUSTEHerzogin von Sachsen-Weimar (Weimar 4 Jul1717-Weimar 9 Dec 1752, bur Weimar Friedhof). Twin with Wilhelm Ernst.
3. JOHANN WILHELM Erbherzogvon Sachsen-Weimar (Weimar 10 Jan 1719-Weimar 6 Dec1732, bur Weimar Friedhof).
4. CHARLOTTE AGNESA LEOPOLDINA Herzogin vonSachsen-Weimar (Weimar 4 Dec 1720-Weimar 15 Oct 1724, bur Weimar Friedhof).
5. JOHANNA ELEONORE HENRIETTA Herzogin vonSachsen-Weimar (Weimar 2 Dec 1721-Weimar 17 Jun 1722, bur Weimar Friedhof).
6. ERNESTINA ALBERTINAHerzogin von Sachsen-Weimar (Weimar 28 Dec1722-Alverdissen 25 Nov 1769, bur Alverdissen). m(Weimar 6 May 1756)PHILIPP ERNST Graf zurSchaumburg-Alverdissen, son of --- (-Bückeburg 13 Feb 1787, burStadthagen). Graf von Schaumburg-Lippe 1777.
7. BERNHARDINA CHRISTIANASOPHIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weimar (Weimar 5 May1724-Rudolstadt 5 Jun 1757, bur Schwarzburg). m(Eisenach 19 Nov 1744)JOHANN FRIEDRICH Fürst vonSchwarzburg-Rudolstadt, son of --- (-Rudolstadt 10 Jul 1767, burSchwarzburg).
8. EMANUEL FRIEDRICH WILHELM BERNHARD Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar (Weimar 19 Dec 1725-Weimar 11 Jun 1729, bur Weimar Friedhof).
Ernst August I & his second wife hadfour children:
9. KARL AUGUST EUGEN Erbherzog von Sachsen-Weimar(Weimar 1 Oct 1735-Weimar 13 Sep 1736, bur Weimar Friedhof).
10. ERNST AUGUST KONSTANTINErbherzog von Sachsen-Weimar (Weimar 2 Jun1737-Weimar 28 May 1758, bur Weimar Friedhof). He succeeded his father in 1748 asERNSTAUGUST II KONSTANTIN Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach, minor until 1755. m (Braunschweig 16 Mar 1756)ANNA AMALIE Pssvon Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, daughter of KARL I Herzog vonBraunschweig-Wolfenbüttel & his wife Philippine Charlotte Pss of Prussia (Wolfenbüttel24 Oct 1739-Weimar 10 Apr 1807, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul). Regent ofSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach for her son 1758-1775. Ernst August II Konstantin& his wife had two children:
a) CARL AUGUST Erbherzog vonSachsen-Weimar (Weimar 3 Sep 1757-Graditz 14 Jun1828, bur Weimar Friedhof). He succeeded hisfather in 1758 asCARL AUGUST Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach. CarlAugust received the titleGroßherzog von Sachsen (Grand Duke of Saxony)21 Apr 1815.
- GROßHERZÖGEvon SACHSEN.
b) FRIEDRICH FERDINANDKONSTANTIN Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar (posthumouslyWeimar 8 Sep 1758-Wiebelskirchen 6 Sep 1793, bur Weimar cemetery). MajorGeneral in the army of Saxony.
11. ERNESTINA AUGUSTA SOPHIEHerzogin von Sachsen-Weimar (Weimar 4 Jan1740-Hildburghausen 10 Jun 1786, bur Hildburghausen). m(Bayreuth 1 Jul 1758) as his third wife,ERNST FRIEDRICH III Herzog vonSachsen-Hildburghausen,son of ERNSTFRIEDRICH II Herzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen & his wife Karoline Gräfinzu Erbach-Fürstenau (Königsberg, Franken 10 Jun 1727-Seidingstedt 23 Sep 1780,bur Hildburghausen).
12. ERNST ADOLF FELIX Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar(Weimar 23 Jan 1742-Weimar 23 Jan 1743).
Ernst August I had one iIllegitimate childby Mistress (1):
13. ERNSTFRIEDRICH von Marschall (29Oct 1731-31 Oct 1810). He was created Freiherr von Brenn by Imperial Order atVienna 26 Feb 1804). m (5 Oct 1773)BEATE HELENE Bormann, daughter of --- Bormann[Kantor at Goldberg] & his wife --- (-24 Oct 1819).
- MARSCHALL, FREIHERREN vonBRENN.
CARL AUGUST Erbherzog von Sachsen-Weimar, son ofERNST AUGUST II KONSTANTIN Herzogvon Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach & his wife Anna AmaliePss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Weimar 3 Sep1757-Graditz 14 Jun 1828, bur Weimar Friedhof). He succeeded his father in 1758 asCARL AUGUST Herzog vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach. He attracted many famous Germans of his day,including Goethe, Wieland, Schiller, and Herder, to his capital Weimar, whichbecame a centre of cultural activity. Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach joined theConfederation of the Rhine in 1807. Carl August received the titleGroßherzogvon Sachsen (Grand Duke of Saxony) 21 Apr 1815.
m (Karlsruhe 3 Oct 1775)LUISE AUGUSTE Landgräfin vonHessen-Darmstadt, daughter of LUDWIG IX Landgraf vonHessen-Darmstadt & his wife Karoline Henriette Christine Pfalzgräfin vonZweibrücken-Birkenfeld (Berlin 30 Jan 1757-Weimar 14Feb 1830, bur Weimar Friedhof). Mistress (1): EVA DOROTHEA Wiegand, daughter of JOHANNFRIEDRICH Wiegand & his wife --- (chr Stützerbach 12 Mar 1755-Stützerbach28 Feb 1828). She married (Stützerbach 30 May 1779)JOHANN HEINRICH Klein, son of ---.
Mistress (2): LUISE Rudorf, daughter ofFRIEDRICH WILHELM Rudorf & his wife Katharina Charlotte von Britzke(Landsberg 11 Jun 1777-Jena 4 Jan 1852). She married (Almonau 9 Feb 1798)KARL LUDWIG von Knebel, son of --- (-Jena 23 Feb1834), who was Goethe’s “Urfreund”.
Mistress (3): HENRIETTE CAROLINE FRIEDERIKEJagemann, daughter of CHRISTIAN JOSEPH Jagemann [head librarian ofHerzogin Anna Amalie] & his wife Mariana Barbara Spörer (Weimar 25 Jan1777-Dresden 10 Jul 1848). She was created Frau von Heygendorf by letters ofthe duke 25 Jan 1809.
Carl August & his wife had seven children:
1. LUISE AUGUSTE AMALIE Pss vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar 3 Feb 1779-Weimar 24 Mar 1784, bur WeimarFriedhof).
2. daughter stillborn (Weimar 10 Sep 1781).
3. CARL FRIEDRICH Prinz vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar2 Feb 1783-Belvedere, near Weimar 8 Jul 1853, bur Weimar Friedhof). He succeeded his father in 1828 asCARLFRIEDRICH Großherzog von Sachsen. m(St Petersburg 3 Aug 1804)MARIA Pavlovna Grand Duchess of Russia,daughter of PAUL I Emperor of Russia & his second wife Maria Feodorovna néeSophie Dorothea Herzogin von Württemberg (St Petersburg 15 Feb 1786-Belvedere,near Weimar 23 Jun 1859, bur Weimar Friedhof). Carl Friedrich & his wifehad four children:
a) CARL Prinz von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar25 Sep 1805-Weimar 10 Apr 1806, bur Weimar Friedhof).
b) MARIE LUISE Pss vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar3 Feb 1808-Wilhelmsplatz Palais, Berlin 18 Jan 1877, bur Nikolskoe, nearPotsdam). m(Charlottenburg 26 May 1827)KARL Prince of Prussia,son of FRIEDRICH WILHELM III King of Prussia & his first wife Luise Pss vonMecklenburg-Strelitz (Schloß Charlottenburg 29 Jun1801-Wilhelmsplatz Palais, Berlin 21 Jan 1883, bur Nikolskoe near Potsdam).
c) AUGUSTE Pss vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Residenzschloß,Weimar 30 Sep 1811-Berlin 7 Jan 1890, bur Charlottenburg Mausoleum). m(Berlin 11 Jun 1829)WILHELM Prince of Prussia,son of FRIEDRICH WILHELM III King of Prussia & his wife Luise Pss vonMecklenburg-Strelitz (Berlin 22 Mar 1797-Palais Unterden Linden, Berlin 9 Mar 1888, bur Charlottenburg Mausoleum). Regent of Prussia 1858, for his brother King Friedrich WilhelmIV. He succeeded his brother in 1861 asWILHELM IKing of Prussia. He was proclaimedEmperorof Germany in 1871.
d) CARL ALEXANDER Prinz vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar 24 Jun 1818-Weimar5 Jan 1901). He succeeded his father in 1853asCARL ALEXANDER Großherzog von Sachsen.
- see below.
4. son (b and d Weimar 26 Feb 1785, bur WeimarFriedhof).
5. CAROLINE LUISE Pss vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar18 Jul 1786-Ludwigslust 20 Jan 1816, bur Ludwigslust, under the Greek Chapel). m(Weimar 1 Jul 1810) as his second wife,FRIEDRICH LUDWIG Erbprinz vonMecklenburg-Schwerin,son of FRIEDRICHFRANZ I Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin [later Großherzog vonMecklenburg-Schwerin] & his wife Luise Pss von Sachsen-Gotha (Ludwigslust 13 Jun 1778-Ludwigslust 29 Nov 1819, bur Ludwigslust,under the Greek Chapel).
6. son (b and d Weimar 13 Apr 1789, bur WeimarFriedhof).
7. BERNHARD Prinz vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar 30 May1792-Liebenstein 31 Jul 1862, bur Weimar Friedhof). m (Meiningen 30 May 1816)IDA Pss von Sachsen-Meiningen,daughter of GEORG I Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen & his wife Luise EleonorePss zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg (Meiningen 25 Jun 1794-Weimar 4 Apr 1852, burWeimar Friedhof). Bernhard & his wife had eight children:
a) LUISE Pss vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Gent 31 Mar 1817-WindsorCastle 11 Jul 1832, bur Windsor Castle).
b) WILHELM Prinz vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Gent 25 Jun 1819-Nijmegen22 May 1839, bur Nijmegen).
c) AMALIE Pss von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Gent 30May 1822-Gent 16 Jun 1822, bur Gent).
d) EDUARD Prinz vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Bushy Park, London 11 Oct1823-London 16 Nov 1902). m (London 27Nov 1851)Lady AUGUSTA Gordon-Lennox,daughter of CHARLES Gordon-Lennox Duke of Richmond & his wife CarolinePaget of the Marquesses of Anglesey (Goodwood Park, near Chichester 14 Jan1827-London 3 Apr 1904). She was createdGräfinvon Dornburg by Sachsen-Weimar decree 26 Nov 1851. In GreatBritain, she bore the name “Princess Edward ofSaxe-Weimar” by Royal Decree.
e) HERMANN Prinz vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Schloß Altenstein 4 Aug1825-Berchtesgaden 31 Aug 1901). Cavalry Generalin the Württemberg and Saxon Armies. m(Friedrichshafen 17 Jun 1851)AUGUSTE Pss von Württemberg,daughter of WILHELM I King of Württemberg & his third wife Pauline Herzoginvon Württemberg (Stuttgart 4 Oct 1826-Stuttgart 3 Dec 1898, bur StuttgartPragfriedhof). Hermann & his wife had seven children:
i) PAULINE Pss vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Stuttgart 25 Jul 1852-nearOrte, Italy 17 May 1904, bur Weimar Friedhof). m (Friedrichshafen 26 Aug 1873) her secondcousin,CARL AUGUST Erbgroßherzogvon Sachsen, son of CARL ALEXANDER Grand Duke of Saxony & hiswife Sophia Pss of the Netherlands (31 Jul 1844-20 Nov 1894).
ii) WILHELM Prinz vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Stuttgart 21 Dec1853-Baden-Baden 15 Dec 1924, bur Heidelberg). m (Wächtersbach 11 Apr 1885)GERTA Pss zu Ysenburg und Büdingen in Wächtersbach,daughter of FERDINAND MAXIMILIAN Fürst zu Ysenburg und Büdingen in Wächtersbach& his wife Augusta Pss von Hanau Gräfin von Schaumburg (Wächtersbach 18 Jan1863-Baden-Baden 27 Nov 1945).
- PRINZEN von SACHSEN-WEIMAR-EISENACH, GRAFEN von OSTHEIM.
iii) BERNHARD Prinz vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Stuttgart 10 Oct1855-Hannover 23 Dec 1907). He renounced his title and rights and adopted thetitleGraf von Crayenberg 24 May 1901with the authorisation of the Großherzog von Sachsen. m firstly (London 10 Oct 1900) as her thirdhusband,ELISABETH Brockmüller, divorcedwife firstly ofERNST ALBRECHT Haufe andwidow secondly ofFRANCESCO Marchese Lucchesini,daughter of WILHELM Brockmüller & his wife Katharina Köster (Lübeck 6 May1863-Hannover 11 Mar 1903). m secondly(Berlin 1 Apr 1905)ELISABETH Gräfin von derSchulenburg-Wolfsburg, daughter of HERMANN Graf von derSchulenburg-Wolfsburg & his wife Helene von Kotze (Erfurt 1 Apr1869-Berlin-Wilmersdorf 25 Dec 1940).
iv) ALEXANDER Prinz vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Stuttgart 22 Jun1857-Baden-Baden 5 Sep 1891, bur Weimar Friedhof).
v) ERNST Prinz vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Stuttgart 9 Aug1859-Neu-Wittelsbach 9 Jan 1909).
vi) son stillborn (Stuttgart 7 May 1865).
vii) OLGA Pss vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Stuttgart 8 Sep1869-Berchtesgaden 12 Jan 1924). m (Heidelberg 22 Apr 1902) as his first wife,LEOPOLD Erbprinz zu Isenburg und Büdingen, son ofKARL Fürst zu Isenburg und Büdingen & his wife Maria Luisa Archduchess ofAustria (Offenbach 10 Mar 1866-Munich 30 Jan 1933, bur Berchtesgaden).
f) GUSTAV Prinz vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Zeewerghem, near Gent 28Jun 1827-Vienna 6 Jan 1892, bur Vienna). Field Marshall Lieutenant in theAustrian Imperial Army. m (Vienna 14Feb 1870)PIERINA Marocchia Edle di Marcaini,daughter of CATHEDRALINICO Marcocchia & his wife Regina Dalaqua (Slano,Dalmatia 14 May 1845-Vienna 22 Apr 1879, bur Vienna). She was createdFreiin von Neupurg by Austrian decree 23 May 1872.
g) ANNA Pss vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Zeewerghem 9 Sep1828-Liebenstein 14 Jul 1864, bur Weimar Friedhof).
h) AMALIA Pss vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Gent 20 May1830-Wolferdingen, Luxembourg 1 May 1872, bur Delft). m (Weimar 19 May 1853) as his firstwife,HENDRIKPrince of the Netherlands, son of WILLEM II King of theNetherlands & his wife Anna Pavlovna Grand Duchess of Russia (SoestdijkPalace 13 Jun 1820-Wolferdingen, Luxembourg 13 Jan 1879, bur Delft).
Carl August had one illegitimate child byMistress (1):
8. JOHANNKARL SEBASTIAN Klein(Stützerbach 9 Jun 1779-Weimar 28 Jun 1830). m(Ettersberg 22 Apr 1817)ANNA FRIEDERIKE HENRIETTEMüller, daughter of JOHANN CHRISTIAN ERNST Müller & his wife ---(Weimar 22 Jul 1797).
- KLEIN.
Carl August had one illegitimate child byMistress (3):
9. KARLWILHELM Rudorf(Templin 18 Jan 1796-Jena 16 Nov 1861). Headopted the name “von Knebel” on hismother’s marriage in 1798. m firstly(Gumperda bei Kahla 6 Feb 1825, divorced 1837) as her third husband,FRIEDERIKE von Geusau, widow firstly ofKARL EDUARD von Wasmer and divorced wife secondlyofKARL ALEXANDER Graf zu Solms-Tecklenburg,daughter of --- (Burkersdorf 17 Jan 1785). msecondly (Jena 14 May 1839)JOSEPHINEKAROLINE EMILIE Trautmann, daughter of JOHANN CHRISTOPH Trautmann &his wife --- (Königshofen 4 Oct 1807-26 Jul 1888).
- vonKNEBEL.
Carl August had four illegitimate childrenby Mistress (1):
10. son (and d Autumn1804).
11. CARL vonWolfgang (Weimar 25 Dec1806-Dresden 17 Feb 1895). He was the godson of Goethe. He was ennobled inWeimar 16 May 1809 as “von Heygendorff”. Major General in the Saxon Army. m firstly(Mannheim 1 Jun 1831)META Abegg,daughter of JAKOB DANIEL Abegg [Member of the Elbing city council] & hiswife Lisette Abegg (Elbing 16 Apr 1810-Dresden 23 May 1835). m secondly (Dresden 10 Oct 1836)THERESE von Watzdorf, daughter of KARL FRIEDRICHLUDWIG von Watzdorf & his wife Charlotte Gräfin von Hopffgarten (Dresden 4Dec 1808-Dresden 31 Aug 1841). m thirdly(Erdmannsdorf bei Chemnitz 24 Dec 1848)ROSA Freiinvon Koenneritz, daughter of HANS HEINRICH Graf von Koenneritz &his wife Luise Freiin von Werthern (Dresden 1 Jan 1823-Dresden 30 Sep 1906).
- vonHEYGENDORFF.
12. AUGUST vonHeygendorff (Weimar 10 Aug1810-Dresden 23 Jan 1874).
13. MARIANAvon Heygendorff (Weimar 8Apr 1812-The Hague 10 Aug 1836). m (Mannheim15 Oct 1835)DANIEL Baron Tindal, son of--- (-Freiwaldau, Silesia 12 Feb 1856).
CARL ALEXANDER Prinz von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach, son of CARL FRIEDRICH Großherzog von Sachsen & his wife MariaPavlovna Grand Duchess of Russia (Weimar 24 Jun 1818-Weimar 5 Jan 1901). Erbprinz vonSachsen from 1928. He succeeded his father in 1853 asCARLALEXANDER Großherzog von Sachsen.
m (The Hague 8 Oct 1842) his first cousin,SOPHIE Pss of the Netherlands,daughter of WILLEM II King of the Netherlands & his wife Anna Pavlovna GrandDuchess of Russia (The Hague 8 Apr 1824-Weimar 23 Mar 1897, bur WeimarFriedhof).
Carl Alexander & his wife had four children:
1. CARL AUGUST Prinz vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar 31 Jul 1844-CapMartin, France 20 Nov 1894, bur Weimar Friedhof). Erbgroßherzog von Sachsen. m (Friedrichshafen 26 Aug 1873) his secondcousin,PAULINE Pss vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach, daughter of HERMANN Pr vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach & his wife Auguste Pss von Württemberg (Stuttgart25 Jul 1852-near Orte, Italy 17 May 1904, bur Weimar Friedhof). Carl August& his wife had two children:
a) WILHELM ERNST Prinz vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar 10 Jun1876-Heinrichau 24 Apr 1923). General ofInfantry and Cavalry in the Prussian Army. He succeeded his grandfather in 1901asWILHELM ERNST ALEXANDER Großherzog von Sachsen. He abdicated 9 Nov1918. m firstly (Bückeburg 30 Apr 1903)KAROLINE Pss Reuß, daughter of HEINRICH XXIIFürst Reuß ältere Linie & his wife Ida Pss von Schaumburg-Lippe (Greiz 13Jul 1884-Weimar 17 Jan 1905). m secondly(Meiningen 21 Jan 1910)FEODORAPss von Sachsen-Meiningen, daughter of FRIEDRICH Prinz vonSachsen-Meiningen & his wife Adelheid Gräfin zur Lippe-Biesterfeld (Hannover29 May 1890-Freiburg im Breisgau 12 Mar 1972). Wilhelm Ernst & his secondwife had four children:
i) SOPHIE Pss vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar 20 Mar 1911-Hamburg21 Nov 1988). She resumed her maiden name after herdivorce. m (Heinrichau 7 Mar 1938,divorced Bautzen 1 Nov 1938)FRIEDRICH GÜNTHERFürst zu Schwarzburg, son of GÜNTHER SIZZO Prinz zu Schwarzburg& his wife Alexandra Pss von Anhalt (Grossharthau 5 Mar 1901-Munich 9 Nov1971).
ii) CARL AUGUST Prinz vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Schloß Wilhelmsthal, nearEisenach 28 Jul 1912-Schienen am Bodensee 14 Oct 1988). Erbgroßherzog vonSachsen. m (Wartburg 5 Oct 1944)ELISABETH Freiin von Wangenheim-Winterstein,daughter of OTHMAR Freiherr von Wangenheim-Winterstein & his wife Maud vonTrützschler Freiin von Falkenstein (Tübingen 16 Jan 1912-Munich 15 Mar 2010). Thismarriage was recognised as dynastic by decision of a family council 16 Feb 1946. Carl Alexander & his wife had three children:
- PRINZEN von SACHSEN-WEIMAR-EISENACH.
iii) BERNHARD Prinz vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar 3 Mar1917-Wiesbaden 23 Mar 1986). m(Heinrichau 12 Mar 1943, divorced Munich 24 Sep 1956)FELICITAS Pss zu Salm-Horstmar, daughter of EMICHPrinz zu Salm-Horstmar & his wife Sabine Pss von Schönaich-Carolath(Potsdam 31 Mar 1920-). Bernhard & his wife had three children:
- PRINZEN von SACHSEN-WEIMAR-EISENACH.
iv) GEORG Prinz vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Heinrichau 24 Nov 1921-). He renounced his rights and title for himself and his descendants, and took thename "JÖRG Brena" 22 Jan1953. m (Freiburg im Breisgau (civ) 5Feb 1953 Calascino, near Brissago, Switzerland (rel) 8 Feb 1953)GISELA Jänisch, daughter of WILHELM ERICH Jänisch& his wife Marie Heloise [Mayotte] Donner (Hamburg 5 May 1930-).
- BRENA.
b) BERNHARD HERMANN Prinz vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar 18 Apr 1878-Weimar1 Oct 1900, bur Weimar Friedhof).
2. MARIE Pss vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar 20 Jan1849-Trebschen 6 May 1922, bur Padligar). m (Weimar 6 Feb 1876)HEINRICHVII Prinz Reuß zu Köstritz, son of HEINRICH LXIII Prinz Reuß zuKöstritz & his first wife Eleonore Gräfin zu Stolberg-Wernigerode(Klipphausen 14 Jul 1825-Trebschen 2 May 1906, bur Padligar).
3. ANNA Pss von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar 29Mar 1851-Weimar 26 Apr 1859, bur Weimar Friedhof).
4. ELISABETH Pss vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar 28 Feb1854-Wiligrad 10 Jul 1908). m (Weimar 6 Nov 1886) as his first wife,JOHANNALBRECHT Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin, son of FRIEDRICH FRANZII Großherzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin & his first wife Auguste Pss Reuß zuKöstritz (Schwerin 8 Dec 1857-Wiligrad 16 Feb 1920). He was regent of the duchyof Brunswick 1907-1913.
The following reconstruction includes noprimary source references. Posse includes biographical notes of individualpersons, supported by citation references.
JOHANN GEORG Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar, son of WILHELM "der Grosse" Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar& his wife Eleonore Dorothea Pss von Anhalt-Dessau (Weimar 12 Jul1634-while hunting in Eckhartshausen Forest 19 Sep 1686, bur Eisenach StGeorgenkirche). He succeeded his father in1662 asJOHANN GEORG I Herzog von Sachsen-Marksuhl. After the death ofhis nephew Wilhelm August Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach, he and his brothersagreed a partition of territories 25 Jul 1672, under which he acquiredEisenach, Lichtenberg (with Ostheim), Creuzberg (with the monastery ofMarksuhl), Burkersroda, Gerstungen (with Haus Breitenbach, Ringleben,Schwansee, Bachstedt, Markvippach, Kaltennordheim, Crayenberg and ½Georgenthaler at Erfurt, after which he was known asHerzog vonSachsen-Eisenach.
m (Wallau 29 May 1661) as her second husband,JOHANNETTA Gräfin von Sayn-Wittgenstein zuAltenkirchen, widow ofJOHANN Landgraf von Hessen-Braubach,daughter of ERNST Graf von Sayn-Wittgenstein in Sayn & his wife JulianeGräfin von Erbach (Frankfurt am Main 27 Apr 1626-Jena 28 Sep 1701, bur EisenachSt Georgenkirche).
Johann Georg I & his wife had eightchildren:
1. ELEONORE ERDMUTHE LUISEHerzogin von Sachsen-Eisenach (Friedewald 13/23 Apr1662-Schloß Pretzsch 9/19 Sep 1696, bur Freiberg Cathedral). m firstly(Eisenach 25 Oct/4 Nov 1681) as his second wife,JOHANNFRIEDRICH Markgraf von Brandenburg-Ansbach, sonofALBRECHT Markgraf von Brandenburg in Ansbach& his second wife Sophie MargareteGräfin zu Oettingen-Oettingen(Ansbach 18 Oct1654-Ansbach 22 Mar 1686, bur Ansbach). m secondly(Leipzig 17 Apr 1692)JOHANN GEORG IV Elector of Saxony,son of JOHANN GEORG III Elector of Saxony & his wife Anna Sophia Pss ofDenmark (Dresden 18 Oct 1668-Dresden from smallpox 27 Apr 1694, bur Freiberg).
2. FRIEDRICH AUGUSTErbherzogn von Sachsen-Eisenach (Friedewald 20/30Oct 1663-killed in battle Pressburg 19 Sep 1684, bur Eisenach StGeorgenkirche).
3. JOHANN GEORG Herzog vonSachsen-Eisenach (Friedewald 24 Jul/3 Aug1665-Eisenach from smallpox 10 Nov 1698, bur Eisenach St Georgenkirche). Erbherzogn von Sachsen-Eisenach on the deathof his older brother in 1684. He succeeded his father in 1686 asJOHANNGEORG II Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach. After the death of his first cousinJohann Wilhelm Herzog von Sachsen-Jena in 1690, he and his brother agreed apartition of territories 12 Jul 1691 with their first cousins under whichJohann Georg II acquired Allstedt, Zellbach, Remda, Fischberg, Schwabsdorf andDöbritschen. m (Kirchheim unter Teck 20Sep 1688)SOPHIE CHARLOTTE Herzogin vonWürttemberg, daughter of EBERHARD III Herzog von Württemberg& his second wife Marie Dorothea Sophie Gräfin zu Oettingen (Stuttgart 22Feb/4 Mar 1671-Allstedt 11 Sep 1717, bur Eisenach Georgenkirche).
4. MAXIMILIAN HEINRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach(Friedewald 17 Oct 1666-Altenkirchen 23 Jul 1668, bur Eisenach StGeorgenkirche). Twin with Johann Wilhelm.
5. JOHANN WILHELM Herzog vonSachsen-Eisenach (Friedewald 17 Oct 1666-Eisenach 4Jan 1729, bur Eisenach St Georgenkirche). Twin with Maximilian Heinrich. After the death of his first cousin JohannWilhelm I Herzog von Sachsen-Jena in 1690, he and his brother agreed apartition of territories 12 Jul 1691 with their first cousins under whichJohann Wilhelm acquired Jena, where he established his residence and succeededasJOHANN WILHELM II Herzog von Sachsen-Jena. He succeeded his brotherin 1698 asJOHANN WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach. m firstly (Oranjewoud, Friesland 28 Nov 1690)AMALIA Gräfin vonNassau-Diez, daughter of WILLEM FREDERIK Fürst von Nassau-Diez& his wife Albertina Agnes Pss van Oranje Gräfin von Nassau (The Hague 25Nov/5 Dec 1655-Allstedt 16 Feb 1695, bur Allstedt). m secondly (Wolfenbüttel 27 Feb/9 Mar 1697)CHRISTIANEJULIANE Markgräfin von Baden-Durlach, daughter of KARL GUSTAVMarkgraf von Baden-Durlach & his first wife Christine Magdalene Pfalzgräfinvon Zweibrücken zu Kleeburg (12/22 Sep 1678-Eisenach 10 Jul 1707, bur EisenachSt Georgenkirche). She inherited Kutzenhausen in 1704,which she sold in 1705 to the Grafen von Hanau. m thirdly (Weissenfels 28 Jul1708)MAGDALENASIBYLLE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels, daughter of JOHANNADOLF I Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels & his first wife Johanna MagdalenaHerzogin von Sachsen-Altenburg (Halle an der Saale 3 Sep 1673-Eisenach 28 Nov1726, bur Eisenach St Georgenkirche). m fourthly(Schloß Philippsruhe, Hanau 29 May 1727) as her second husband,MARIE CHRISTINE FELIZITAS Gräfin von Leiningen-Dachsburg,widow ofCHRISTOPHMarkgraf von Baden-Durlach, daughter of JOHANN KARL Graf vonLeiningen-Dachsburg in Heidesheim & his wife Johanna Magdalene Gräfin vonHanau-Lichtenberg (Schloß Broich, Mülheim an der Ruhr 19/29 Dec 1692-Eisenach 3Jun 1734, bur Eisenach St Georgenkirche). Johann Wilhelm & his first wifehad two children:
a) WILHELM HEINRICH Erbherzogvon Sachsen-Eisenach (Oranjewoud 10/20 Nov1691-Eisenach 26 Jul 1741, bur Eisenach St Georgenkirche). He succeeded his father 1729 asWILHELMHEINRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach. mfirstly (Idstein 15 Feb 1713)ALBERTINE JULIANE Pss von Nassau-Saarbrücken,daughter of GEORG AUGUST SAMUEL Fürst von Nassau-Saarbrücken-Idstein & hiswife Henriette Dorothea Pss von Oettingen (Idstein 29 Mar 1698-JagdschloßWilhelmsthal bei Eisenach 9 Oct 1722, bur Eisenach St Georgenkirche). m secondly (Berlin Stadtschloß 3 Jun 1723)ANNA SOPHIECHARLOTTE Markgräfin von Brandenburg-Schwedt, daughter ofALBRECHT FRIEDRICH Markgraf von Brandenburg-Schwedt & his wife MarieDorothea Pss of Courland ([Schwedt] [24] Dec 1706-Schloß Sangershausen 3 Jan1751, bur Halle an der Saale).
b) ALBERTINE JOHANNETTE Herzogin vonSachsen-Eisenach (Oranjewoud 28 Feb 1693-Eisenach 1 Apr 1700, bur Eisenach StGeorgenkirche).
Johann Wilhelm& his second wife had seven children:
c) JOHANNETTE ANTOINETTEJULIANA Herzogin von Sachsen-Eisenach (Jena 31 Jan1698-Schloß Dahme 13 Apr 1726, bur Weissenfels Schloßkirche). m(Eisenach 9 May 1721) as his first wife,JOHANN ADOLF Herzog vonSachsen-Weissenfels, son of JOHANN ADOLF I Herzog vonSachsen-Weissenfels & his first wife Johanna Magdalena Herzogin vonSachsen-Altenburg (Weissenfels 1685-Leipzig 16 May 1746, bur WeissenfelsSchloßkirche). He succeeded in 1736 asHerzog vonSachsen-Weissenfels.
d) KAROLINE CHRISTINEHerzogin von Sachsen-Eisenach (Jena 15 Apr1699-Philippsthal 25 Jul 1743, bur Philippsthal). m(Eisenach 24 Nov 1725)KARL I Landgraf von Hessen-Philippsthal,son ofPHILIPP Landgraf von Hessen-Philippsthal& his wife Katharine Amalie Gräfin zuSolms-Laubach(Schmalkalden 23 Sep 1682-Philippsthal 8May 1770, bur Philippsthal).
e) ANTON GUSTAV Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach(Eisenach 12 Aug 1700-Eisenach 4 Oct 1700, bur Eisenach St Georgenkirche).
f) CHARLOTTE WILHELMINEJULIANE Herzogin von Sachsen-Eisenach (Eisenach 27Jun 1703-Erfurt 17 Aug 1774, bur Erfurt Predigerkirche).
g) JOHANNETTE WILHELMINE JULIANE Herzogin vonSachsen-Eisenach (Eisenach 10 Sep 1704-Eisenach 3 Jan 1705, bur Eisenach StGeorgenkirche).
h) KARL WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach(Eisenach 9 Jan 1706-Eisenach 24 Feb 1706, bur Eisenach St Georgenkirche).
i) KARL AUGUST Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach(Eisenach 10 Jun 1707-Eisenach 22 Feb 1711, bur Eisenach St Georgenkirche).
Johann Wilhelm & his third wife had three children:
j) JOHANNA MAGDALENE SOPHIE Herzogin vonSachsen-Eisenach (Eisenach 19 Aug 1710-Eisenach 26 Feb 1711, bur Eisenach StGeorgenkirche).
k) CHRISTIANE WILHELMINAHerzogin von Sachsen-Eisenach (Altenkirchen 3 Sep1711-Idstein 27 Nov 1740, bur Usingen). m (Eisenach 26 Nov 1734) as his first wife,KARL Fürst vonNassau-Usingen, son of WILHELM HEINRICH Fürst von Nassau-Usingen& his wife Charlotte Amalie Gräfin von Nassau-Dillenburg (Usingen 1 Jan1712-Biebrich 21 Jun 1775).
l) JOHANN WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach(Marksuhl 28 Jan 1713-Eisenach 8 May 1713, bur Eisenach St Georgenkirche).
6. LUISE Herzogin von Sachsen-Eisenach (Friedewald18 Apr 1668-Altenkirchen 26 Jun 1669, bur Eisenach St Georgenkirche).
7. FRIEDERIKE ELISABETHHerzogin von Sachsen-Eisenach (Altenkirchen 5 May1669-Langensalza 12 Nov 1730, bur Weissenfels Schloßkirche). m (Jena7 Jan 1698)JOHANNGEORG Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels, son of JOHANN ADOLF IHerzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels & his first wife Johanna Magdalena Herzoginvon Sachsen-Altenburg (Halle 1677-Weissenfels 16 Mar 1712, bur WeissenfelsSchloßkirche).
8. ERNST GUSTAV Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach(Marksuhl 28 Aug 1672-Marksuhl 16 Nov 1672, bur Eisenach St Georgenkirche).
The following reconstruction includes noprimary source references. Posse includes biographical notes of individualpersons, supported by citation references.
ERNST Herzogvon Sachsen-Weimar, son of JOHANN Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar & hiswife Dorothea Maria Pss von Anhalt (Altenburg 25 Dec 1601-Schloß FriedensteinGotha 26 Mar 1675, bur Gotha Margarethenkirche). Hesucceeded his father in 1605 asERNST I "der Fromme" jointHerzogvon Sachsen-Weimar, jointly with his brothers, minor until 1611. Hedivided territories with his two surviving brothers 12 Sep 1641, taking Gotha(with Reinhardsbrunn), Tenneberg (with Waltershausen), Georgenthal,Schwarzbrunn, Wachsenburg, Ichtershausen, Königsberg, Tonndorf and Salzungen,after which he was known asHerzog von Sachsen-Gotha. He and hisbrother Wilhelm agreed a partition of the territories of their deceased brotherAlbrecht 30 Mar 1645, under which Ernst acquired Heldburg (with Ummerstadt),Veilsdorf, Eisfeld, Salzungen, the monastery of Allendorf, Kraynburg andVolkenroda. Under the partition of the county of Henneberg agreed 9 Aug 1660with the Elector of Saxony, Friedrich Wilhelm II Herzog von Sachsen-Altenburgand Wilhelm Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar, Ernst received Frauenbreitungen,Wasungen and Sand. He bought Kranichfeld in 1663 from the Grafen vonSchwarzburg. Under the succession agreement 16 May 1672 which followed thedeath of Friedrich Wilhelm III Herzog von Sachsen-Altenburg, Ernst acquiredAltenburg, Leuchtenburg, Orlamünde, Camburg, Eisenberg, Roda, Ronneburg,Saalfeld, Gräfenthal, Probstzella, Coburg, Sonnefeld, Hildburghausen, Schalkau,Themar, Untermassfeld, Meiningen, Behringen und Römhild. He ruled Oldislebenjointly with his brother. He abdicated in favour of his sons 16 Oct 1674.
m (Altenburg 24 Oct 1636)ELISABETH SOPHIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Altenburg,daughter of JOHANN PHILIPP Herzog von Sachsen-Altenburg & his wifeElisabeth Herzogin von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Halle 10 Oct 1619-Gotha 20/30Dec 1680, bur Gotha Margarethenkirche).
Ernst & his wife had eighteenchildren:
1. JOHANN ERNST Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha (Weimar 18Sep 1638-Weimar 27 Nov 1638, bur Gotha Margarethenkirche).
2. ELISABETH DOROTHEAHerzogin von Sachsen-Gotha (Coburg 8 Jan1640-Butzbach 24 Aug 1709, bur Darmstadt Stadtkirche). Regent ofHessen-Darmstadt 1678-1685 during the minority first of her stepson and afterwardsof her son. m (Schloß Friedenstein Gotha 5 Dec 1666) as his second wife,LUDWIG VI Landgrafvon Hessen-Darmstadt, son of GEORG II Landgrafvon Hessen-Darmstadt & his wife Sophie Eleonore von Sachsen (Darmstadt 25Jan 1630-Darmstadt 24 Apr 1678, bur Darmstadt Stadtkirche).
3. JOHANN ERNST Erbherzog vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 16 May 1641-Gotha fromsmallpox 31 Dec 1657, bur Gotha Margarethenkirche). Anepitaph at Gotha records the birth 16 May 1641 of “Iohannis Ernesti ducisSax....patre Ernesto matre Elisabetha Sophia...” and his death “ultimadie Anni” 1657[312].
4. CHRISTIAN Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha (b and dGotha 23 Feb 1642, bur Reinhardsbrunn).
5. SOPHIE Herzogin vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 21 Feb 1643-Gotha fromsmallpox 14 Dec 1657, bur Gotha Margarethenkirche). Anepitaph at Gotha records “Sophiæ et Iohannæ...parentibus Ernesto etElisabetha Sophia Saxoniæ ducibus genitæ...”, Sophie born 21 Feb 1643 anddied 14 Dec 1657, Johanna born 14 Feb 1645 and died 7 Dec 1657.
6. JOHANNA Herzogin vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 14 Feb 1645-Gotha 7 Dec 1657,bur Gotha Margarethenkirche). An epitaph at Gotharecords “Sophiæ et Iohannæ...parentibus Ernesto et Elisabetha Sophia Saxoniæducibus genitæ...”, Sophie born 21 Feb 1643 and died 14 Dec 1657, Johannaborn 14 Feb 1645 and died 7 Dec 1657.
7. FRIEDRICH Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 15 Jul 1646-Friedrichswerth 2Aug 1691, bur Gotha Friedenstein). Hesucceeded on the abdication of his father in 1674 asFRIEDRICH IjointHerzogvon Sachsen-Gotha, jointly with his brothers.
- see below.
8. ALBRECHT Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 24 May 1648-Coburg 6 Aug 1699,bur Coburg Moritzkirche). He succeeded on theabdication of his father in 1674 asALBRECHT jointHerzog vonSachsen-Gotha, jointly with his brothers. The brothers divided theirterritories between them by agreements 24 Feb 1680, 8 Jun 1681 and 24 Sep 1681,under which Albrecht acquired Coburg, Rodach, Neustadt an der Haide, Sonneberg,Sonnefeld, Mönchroden and Neuhaus, thereafter being known asALBRECHT IIIHerzog von Sachsen-Coburg. He constructed a baroque residence at Coburg,which was managed extravagantly. He and his first wife sponsored music andopera at their court. He collected a large library which was later transferredto Coburg University. m firstly (Gotha18 Jul 1676) as her second husband,MARIE ELISABETH Herzogin vonBraunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, widow ofADOLF WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach,daughter of AUGUST Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel & his thirdwife Sophie Elisabeth von Mecklenburg-Güstrow (Braunschweig 7 Jan 1638-Coburg15 Feb 1687, bur Coburg St Moritz). m secondly(Coburg 24 May 1688)SUSANNA ELISABETH GräfinKempinsky, daughter of NIKOLAUS Graf Kempinsky & his wife MarieUrsula Zorn von Plobsheim ([Strasbourg 26 Apr 1643] chr Strasbourg 2 May1643-Coburg 2 Dec 1717, bur Coburg Moritzkirche). She was Lady of the Bedchamberof his first wife. Created Gräfin von Schwisitz und Altenhofen by Imperialorder at Vienna 2 May 1689. child of first marriage:
a) ERNST AUGUST Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg (Saalfeld1 Sep 1677-Saalfeld 17 Aug 1678, bur Saalfeld).
9. BERNHARD Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 10 Sep 1649-Meiningen 27 Apr1706, bur Meiningen Schloßkirche). He succeededon the abdication of his father in 1674 asBERNHARD jointHerzog vonSachsen-Gotha, jointly with his brothers. He acquired Ichtershausen,Wachsenburg, Kranichfeld and Tonndorf 1675. The brothers divided theirterritories between them by agreements 24 Feb 1680, 8 Jun 1681 and 24 Sep 1681,under which Bernhard acquired Meiningen, Wasungen, Salzungen, Massfeld, Sand,Frauenbreitungen, Herpf, Utendorf, Stepferhausen, Mehlis and Henneberg,thereafter being known asHerzog von Sachsen-Meiningen.
- HERZÖGE von SACHSEN-MEININGEN.
10. HEINRICH Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 19 Nov 1650-Römhild 13 May1710, bur Römhild Schloßkirche). He succeeded onthe abdication of his father in 1674 asHEINRICH jointHerzog vonSachsen-Gotha, jointly with his brothers. The brothers divided theirterritories between them by agreements 24 Feb 1680, 8 Jun 1681 and 24 Sep 1681,under which Heinrich acquired Römhild, Königsberg, Themar, Behrungen andMiltitz, thereafter being known asHEINRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Römhild. He transferred Königsberg to his brother Ernst in 1683. m (Darmstadt 1 Mar 1676)MARIE ELISABETHLandgräfin von Hessen-Darmstadt, daughter of LUDWIG VI Landgrafvon Hessen-Darmstadt & & his first wife Maria Elisabeth Herzogin vonHolstein-Gottorp (Darmstadt 11 Mar 1656-Schloß Glücksburg, Römhild 16 Aug 1715,bur Römhild Schloßkirche).
11. CHRISTIAN Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 6 Jan 1653-Eisenberg 28 Apr1707, bur Eisenberg). He succeeded on theabdication of his father in 1674 asCHRISTIAN jointHerzog vonSachsen-Gotha, jointly with his brothers. The brothers divided theirterritories between them by agreements 24 Feb 1680, 8 Jun 1681 and 24 Sep 1681,under which Christian acquired Eisenberg, Ronneburg, Roda and Camburg,thereafter being known asCHRISTIAN Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenberg. m firstly (Merseburg 13 Feb 1677)CHRISTIANE Herzoginvon Sachsen-Merseburg, daughter of CHRISTIAN I Herzog vonSachsen-Merseburg & his wife Christiane Herzogin vonSchleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (Merseburg 1 Jun 1659-Eisenberg 13 Mar1679, bur Eisenberg). m secondly(Darmstadt 9 Feb 1681)SOPHIE MARIE Landgräfin vonHessen-Darmstadt, daughter of LUDWIG VI Landgraf vonHessen-Darmstadt & & his first wife Maria Elisabeth Herzogin vonHolstein-Gottorp (Darmstadt 7 May 1661-Schloß Friedenstein, Gotha 22 Aug 1712,bur Eisenberg). Christian & his first wife had one child:
a) CHRISTIANE Herzogin vonSachsen-Eisenberg (Eisenberg 4 Mar 1679-Glücksburg24 May 1722, bur Glücksburg). m (Eisenberg 15 Feb 1699) as his first wife,PHILIPPERNST Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, sonofCHRISTIAN vonSchleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg& his second wife Agnes Hedwig Herzogin vonSchleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (Glücksburg 5 May 1673-Glücksburg 12 Nov1729, bur Glücksburg Schloßkapelle).
12. DOROTHEA MARIE Herzoginvon Sachsen-Gotha (Gotha 12 Feb 1654-Gotha 17 Jun1682, bur Gotha Margarethenkirche).
13. ERNST Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 12 Jun 1655-Hildburghausen 17Oct 1715, bur Hildburghausen). He succeeded on theabdication of his father in 1674 asERNST jointHerzog vonSachsen-Gotha, jointly with his brothers. The brothers divided theirterritories between them by agreement 24 Feb 1680, under which Ernst acquiredHeldburg, Eisfeld, Hildburghausen, Veilsdorf and Schalkau, thereafter beingknown asHerzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen.
- HERZÖGE VON SACHSEN-HILDBURGHAUSEN.
14. JOHANN PHILIPP Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha (Gotha 1Mar 1657-Gotha 19 May 1657, bur Gotha Margarethenkirche). An epitaph at Gotha records “liberorum Ernesti Pii...IohannesPhilippus” born “Kal Mar” 1657 and died “mox” 19 May, “IohannaElisabetha” born 2 Sep 1660 and died 18 Dec “post”, “IohannesPhilippus” born 16 Nov 1661 and died 13 Mar 1662, and “Sophia Elisabeth”born 19 May 1663 and died 23 “eiusdem mensis”.
15. JOHANN ERNST Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 22 Aug 1658-Saalfeld 17 Feb1729, bur Saalfeld). He succeeded on theabdication of his father in 1674 asJOHANN ERNST jointHerzog vonSachsen-Gotha, jointly with his brothers. The brothers divided theirterritories between them by agreements 24 Feb 1680, 8 Jun 1681 and 24 Sep 1681,under which Johann Ernst acquired Saalfeld, Gräfenthal, Probstzella andLehesten, thereafter being known asHerzog von Sachsen-Saalfeld.
- HERZÖGE VON SACHSEN-SAALFELD.
16. JOHANNA ELISABETH Herzogin von Sachsen-Gotha(Gotha 2 Sep 1660-Gotha 18 Dec 1660, bur Gotha Margarethenkirche). An epitaph at Gotha records “liberorum Ernesti Pii...IohannesPhilippus” born “Kal Mar” 1657 and died “mox” 19 May, “IohannaElisabetha” born 2 Sep 1660 and died 18 Dec “post”, “IohannesPhilippus” born 16 Nov 1661 and died 13 Mar 1662, and “Sophia Elisabeth”born 19 May 1663 and died 23 “eiusdem mensis”.
17. JOHANN PHILIPP Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha (Gotha16 Nov 1661-Gotha 13 Mar 1662, bur Gotha Margarethenkirche). An epitaph at Gotha records “liberorum Ernesti Pii...IohannesPhilippus” born “Kal Mar” 1657 and died “mox” 19 May, “IohannaElisabetha” born 2 Sep 1660 and died 18 Dec “post”, “IohannesPhilippus” born 16 Nov 1661 and died 13 Mar 1662, and “Sophia Elisabeth”born 19 May 1663 and died 23 “eiusdem mensis”.
18. SOPHIE ELISABETH Herzogin von Sachsen-Gotha(Gotha 19 May 1663-Gotha 23 May 1663, bur Gotha Margarethenkirche). An epitaph at Gotha records “liberorum Ernesti Pii...IohannesPhilippus” born “Kal Mar” 1657 and died “mox” 19 May, “IohannaElisabetha” born 2 Sep 1660 and died 18 Dec “post”, “IohannesPhilippus” born 16 Nov 1661 and died 13 Mar 1662, and “Sophia Elisabeth”born 19 May 1663 and died 23 “eiusdem mensis”.
FRIEDRICHHerzog von Sachsen-Gotha, son of ERNST I "der Fromme" joint Herzogvon Sachsen-Gotha & his wife Elisabeth Sophie Herzogin vonSachsen-Altenburg (Gotha 15 Jul 1646-Friedrichswerth 2 Aug 1691, bur GothaFriedenstein). He succeeded on the abdicationof his father in 1674 asFRIEDRICH IjointHerzog von Sachsen-Gotha,jointly with his brothers. The brothers divided their territories between themby agreements 24 Feb 1680, 8 Jun 1681 and 24 Sep 1681, under which Friedrich Iacquired Gotha, Tenneberg, Wachsenburg, Ichtershausen, Georgenthal,Schwarzwald, Reinhardsbrunn, Volkenroda, Oberkranichfeld, Orlamünde, Altenburg,Pössneck and Tonna. He ceded Pössneck 1682 to his brother Johann Ernst.
m firstly (Halle 14 Nov 1669)MAGDALENA SIBYLLE Herzogin vonSachsen-Weissenfels, daughter of AUGUST Herzog vonSachsen-Weissenfels & his first wife Anna Maria Herzogin vonMecklenburg-Schwerin (Halle 2 Sep 1648-Gotha 7 Jan 1681, bur GothaFriedenstein).
m secondly (Ansbach 14 Aug 1681) as hersecond husband,CHRISTINE Markgräfinvon Baden-Durlach, widow ofALBRECHT Markgraf vonBrandenburg-Ansbach, daughter of FRIEDRICH VIMarkgraf von Baden-Durlach & his wife Christine Magdalene Pfalzgräfin vonZweibrücken zu Kleeburg(Wolgast 22 Apr/2 May1645-Altenburg 21 Dec 1705, bur Altenburg Schloßkirche).
Friedrich I & his first wife had eightchildren:
1. ANNA SOPHIE Herzogin vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 22 Dec 1670/1 Jan1670-Rudolstadt 28 Dec 1728, bur Schwarzburg). m (Schloß Friedenstein, Gotha 15 Oct 1691)LUDWIG FRIEDRICH Erbprinz von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,son of --- (-Rudolstadt 24 Jun 1718, bur Schwarzburg). He succeeded in 1710 asFürst von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.
2. MAGDALENA SIBYLLE Herzogin von Sachsen-Gotha(Gotha 30 Sep 1671-Altenburg 2 Mar 1673, bur Altenburg Schloßkirche).
3. DOROTHEA MARIE Herzoginvon Sachsen-Gotha (Gotha 22 Jan/1 Feb1674-Meiningen 18 Apr 1713, bur Meiningen Schloßkirche). m (Gotha 19Sep 1704) as his first wife,ERNST LUDWIG Erbherzog von Sachsen-Meiningen,son of BERNHARD I Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen & his first wife MarieHedwig Landgräfin von Hessen-Darmstadt (Gotha 7 Oct 1672-Meiningen 24 Nov 1724,bur Meiningen Schloßkirche). He succeeded in 1706 asERNSTLUDWIG I Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen.
4. FRIEDERIKE Herzogin vonSachsen-Gotha(Gotha 24 Mar1675-Karlsbad 28 May 1709, Zerbst Schloßkapelle). m (Zerbst 25 May1702) as his first wife,JOHANN AUGUST Erbprinz vonAnhalt-Zerbst, son of KARL WILHELM Fürst von Anhalt-Zerbst &his wife Sophie Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels(Zerbst29 Jul 1677-Zerbst 7 Nov 1742, bur Zerbst Schloßkapelle). He succeeded in 1718 asJOHANN AUGUST Fürst vonAnhalt-Zerbst.
5. FRIEDRICH Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha(Gotha 28 Jul1676-Altenburg 23 Mar 1732, bur Schloß Friedenstein, Gotha). He succeeded his father in 1691asFRIEDRICH II Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha, minor until 1693. AcquiredOberkranichfeld 15 May 1695 from the Reuß family. He inherited the principalityof Eisenberg in 1707 from his uncle Christian Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenberg. Heacquired 7/12 of Themar from the estates of his brother Heinrich Herzog vonSachsen-Römhild, who died in 1710. m(Schloß Friedenstein, Gotha 7 Jun 1696)MAGDALENA AUGUSTA Pss vonAnhalt-Zerbst, daughter of KARL WILHELM Fürst von Anhalt-Zerbst &his wife Sophie Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels(Zerbst13 Oct 1679-Altenburg or Gotha 11 Oct 1740, bur GothaSchloßFriedenstein). Friedrich II& his wife had nineteen children:
a) SOPHIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Gotha (Gotha 30 May1697-Gotha from smallpox 29 Nov 1703).
b) FRIEDRICH Erbherzog vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 14 Apr 1699-Gotha 10 Mar 1772). He succeeded his father in 1732 asFRIEDRICHIII Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg.
- see below.
c) child stillborn (Gotha 22 Apr 1700).
d) WILHELM Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 12 Mar 1701-Gräfentonna 31 May1771, bur Gräfentonna). General Field Marshal inthe Imperial army. m (Hamburg 8 Nov1742)ANNAHerzog von Holstein-Gottorp, daughter of CHRISTIAN AUGUST Herzogvon Holstein-Gottorp & his wife Albertine Friederike Markgräfin vonBaden-Durlach (Gottorp 3 Feb 1709-Gräfentonna 2 Feb 1758, bur Gräfentonna).
e) KARL FRIEDRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha (Gotha20 Sep 1702-Gotha 21 Nov 1703).
f) daughter stillborn (Roda 8 May 1703).
g) JOHANN AUGUST Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 17 Feb 1704-Stadtroda 8 May1767, bur Stadtroda). m (Stadtroda 6 Jan 1752) as her second husband,his sister-in-law,LUISE Gräfin Reuß zu Schleiz,widow ofCHRISTIAN WILHELM Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha, daughter of HEINRICH I Graf Reuß zu Schleiz(Staffelstein 3 Jul 1726-Stadtroda 28 May 1773, bur Stadtroda). Johann August& his wife had four children:
i) AUGUSTA LUISE FRIEDERIKEHerzogin von Sachsen-Gotha (Stadtroda 30 Nov1752-Rudolstadt 28 May 1805, bur Schwarzburg). m(Stadtroda 28 Nov 1780)FRIEDRICH KARL Fürst vonSchwarzburg-Rudolstadt, son of --- (-Rudolstadt 13 Apr 1793, burSchwarzburg).
ii) daughter stillborn (Stadtroda 18 Nov 1753).
iii) daughter stillborn (Stadtroda 27 Dec 1754).
iv) LUISE Herzogin vonSachsen-Gotha (Stadtroda 9Mar 1756-Ludwigslust 1 Jan 1808, bur Luisengruft). m (Gotha 1 Jun1775)FRIEDRICH FRANZ Herzog vonMecklenburg-Schwerin, sonof LUDWIGHerzog zu Mecklenburg-Schwerin & his wife Charlotte Sophie Pss vonSachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Schwerin 10 Dec 1756-Ludwigslust 1 Feb 1837, burDoberan). He succeeded hisuncle in 1785 asFRIEDRICH FRANZ I Herzog vonMecklenburg-Schwerin. Großherzog vonMecklenburg-Schwerin 14 Jun 1815.
h) CHRISTIAN Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha (Gotha 27 Feb1705-Gotha from smallpox 5 Mar 1705).
i) CHRISTIAN WILHELM Herzogvon Sachsen-Gotha (Gotha 28 May 1706-Stadtroda 19Jul 1748, bur Stadtroda). m (Schleiz 27 May 1743) as her first husband,LUISE Gräfin Reuß zu Schleiz, daughter ofHEINRICH I Graf Reuß zu Schleiz & his wife --- (Staffelstein 3 Jul1726-Stadtroda 28 May 1773, bur Stadtroda). She married secondly (Stadtroda 6Jan 1752) her brother-in-law,Johann August Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha.
j) LUDWIG ERNST Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 28 Dec 1707-Gotha 13 Aug1763). Lieutenant General in the army of the Prince-Bishop of Münster.
k) EMANUEL Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha (Gotha 5 Apr1709-Gotha 10 Oct 1710).
l) MORITZ Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha (Altenburg 11 May 1711-Altenburg 3Sep 1777). Lieutenant General in the army of Hessen-Kassel.
m) SOPHIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Gotha (Altenburg Aug1712-Altenburg 12 Nov 1712).
n) KARL Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha (Gotha 17 Apr1714-Gotha 10 Jul 1715).
o) FRIEDERIKE Herzogin vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 17 Jul 1715-Langensalza 12 May1775, bur Weissenfels Schloßkirche). m (Altenburg 27 Nov 1734) as his second wife,JOHANN ADOLF Erbherzogvon Sachsen-Weissenfels, son of JOHANN ADOLF I Herzog vonSachsen-Weissenfels & his first wife Johanna Magdalena Herzogin vonSachsen-Altenburg (Weissenfels 1685-Leipzig 16 May 1746, bur WeissenfelsSchloßkirche). He succeeded in 1736 asHerzog vonSachsen-Weissenfels.
p) child stillborn (Gotha 30 Nov 1716).
q) MAGDALENA SIBYLLE Herzogin von Sachsen-Gotha(Gotha 15 Aug 1718-Gotha 9 Nov 1718).
r) AUGUSTA Herzogin vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 20/30 Nov 1719-Carlton House,London 8 Feb 1772, bur Westminster Abbey). m (St James's Palace, London 29 Apr/8 May 1736)FREDERICKLOUIS Prince of Wales, son of GEORGE II King of Great Britain& his wife Karoline Markgräfin von Brandenburg-Ansbach (Hannover 20 Jan1707-Leicester House, St Martin-in-the-Fields 20 Mar 1751, bur WestminsterAbbey).
s) JOHANN ADOLF Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 18 May 1721-Friedrichstanneck29 Apr 1799). Lieutenant General in the army of Electoral Saxony.
6. JOHANN WILHELM Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 4 Oct 1677-killed in battlesiege of Toulon 15 Aug 1707, bur Gotha Friedenstein). Field Marshal Lieutenantin the Imperial army. Lieutenant General in the armies of Great Britain andthe General States.
7. ELISABETH Herzogin von Sachsen-Gotha (Gotha 7Feb 1679-Gotha from smallpox 22 Jun 1680, bur Gotha Friedenstein).
8. JOHANNA Herzogin vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 1 Oct 1680-Strelitz 9 Jul1704, bur Mirow). m(Strelitz 20 Jun 1702) as his second wife,ADOLFFRIEDRICH Herzog von Mecklenburg-Strelitz,son of ADOLF FRIEDRICH I Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin & hissecond wife Maria Katharina Herzogin von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Dannenberg (Grabow19/29 Oct 1658-[Strelitz or Bergfeld Jagdschloß] 12 May 1708). He was known asADOLF FRIEDRICH I Herzog von Mecklenburg-Strelitzfrom 1711.
FRIEDRICHErbherzog von Sachsen-Gotha, son of FRIEDRICH II Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha & his wife Magdalena Augusta Pss von Anhalt-Zerbst (Gotha 14Apr 1699-Gotha 10 Mar 1772). He succeededhis father in 1732 as FRIEDRICH III Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg.
m (Gotha 17 Sep 1729) his first cousin,LUISE DOROTHEA Herzogin von Sachsen-Meiningen,daughter of ERNST LUDWIG I Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen & his first wifeDorothea Marie Herzogin von Sachsen-Gotha (Meiningen 10 Aug 1710-Gotha 22 Oct1767).
Friedrich III & his wife had ninechildren:
1. FRIEDRICH Erbherzog vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 20 Jan 1735-Gotha 9 Jun1756).
2. LUDWIG Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha (Gotha 25 Oct1735-Gotha 26 Oct 1735). Twin.
3. son stillborn (Gotha 25 Oct 1735). Twin withLudwig.
4. child stillborn (1739, bur [Schloß Friedenstein,Gotha]). Twin.
5. child stillborn (1739, bur [Schloß Friedenstein,Gotha]). Twin.
6. FRIEDERIKE LUISE Herzoginvon Sachsen-Gotha (Gotha 30 Jan 1741-Gotha 5 Feb1776).
7. ERNST LUDWIG Erbherzog vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 30 Jan 1745-Gotha 20 Apr 1804,bur Gotha Schloßpark). He succeeded his father in1772 asERNST II Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg. m (Meiningen 21 Mar 1769)CHARLOTTE Herzogin von Sachsen-Meiningen,daughter of ANTON ULRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen & his second wifeCharlotte Amalie Landgräfin von Hessen-Philippsthal (Frankfurt-am-Main 11 Sep1751-Genoa 25 Apr 1827, bur Gotha Schloßpark or Genoa). Ernst II & hiswife had four children:
a) ERNST Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha (Gotha 27 Feb1770-Gotha 3 Dec 1779, bur Gotha Schloßpark). He was Erbherzog vonSachsen-Gotha from his father’s accession in 1772.
b) EMIL LEOPOLD AUGUST Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha (Gotha 23 Nov 1772-Gotha 27 May 1822, bur Gotha Schloßpark). Erbherzog von Sachsen-Gotha, following the death ofhis older brother 1779. He succeeded his father 1804 asAUGUST Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha-Altenburg. m firstly(Ludwigslust 21 Oct 1797)LUISE CHARLOTTE Herzogin vonMecklenburg-Schwerin, daughter of FRIEDRICH FRANZ I Herzog vonMecklenburg-Schwerin [laterGroßherzog vonMecklenburg-Schwerin] & his wife Luise Herzogin vonSachsen-Gotha (Schwerin 19 Nov 1779-Gotha 4 Jan 1801). m secondly (Kassel 24 Apr 1802)KAROLINE AMALIEPss von Hessen-Kassel, daughter of WILHELM IX Landgraf vonHessen-Kassel [later WILHELM I Kurfürst von Hessen] & his wife Karoline Pssof Denmark (Hanau 11 Jul 1771-Gotha 22 Feb 1848, bur Gotha Schloßpark). August& his first wife had one child:
i) LUISE Pss vonSachsen-Gotha-Altenburg (Gotha 21 Dec 1800-Paris 30Aug 1831, bur Coburg Neues Mausoleum). m firstly (Gotha 31 Jul 1817, divorced Coburg 31Mar 1826) as his first wife,ERNST I Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld,son of FRANZ Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld & his second wife AugustaGräfin Reuß zu Ebersdorf (Coburg 2 Jan 1784-Gotha 29 Jan 1844, bur Coburg NeuesMausoleum). m secondly (Sankt Wendel 18Oct 1826) as his first wife,ALEXANDER von Hanstein,son of --- (Burghaig 9 Jun 1804-Schmölln, near Altenburg 18 Apr 1884, burPölzig). He was created Graf von Pölzig by Sachsen-Hildburghausen Order 19 Jul1826. Colonel in the Prussian army.
c) FRIEDRICH Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 28 Nov 1774-Gotha 11 Feb 1825,bur Gotha Schloßpark). He converted to Catholicism at Rome in 1817 or 1819. He succeeded his brother in 1822 asFRIEDRICH IV Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha-Altenburg.
d) LUDWIG Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha (Gotha 21 Oct1777-Gotha 26 Oct 1777).
8. SOPHIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Gotha (Gotha 9 Mar1746-Gotha 30 Mar 1746).
9. AUGUST Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha (Gotha 14 Aug 1747-Gotha 28 Sep1806). General in the army of the General States.
The following reconstruction includes noprimary source references. Posse includes biographical notes of individualpersons, supported by citation references.
BERNHARD Herzogvon Sachsen-Gotha, son of ERNST I "der Fromme" joint Herzogvon Sachsen-Gotha & his wife Elisabeth Sophie Herzogin vonSachsen-Altenburg (Gotha 10 Sep 1649-Meiningen 27 Apr 1706, bur MeiningenSchloßkirche). He succeeded on the abdicationof his father in 1674 asBERNHARD jointHerzog von Sachsen-Gotha,jointly with his brothers. He acquired Ichtershausen, Wachsenburg, Kranichfeldand Tonndorf 1675. The brothers divided their territories between them byagreements 24 Feb 1680, 8 Jun 1681 and 24 Sep 1681, under which Bernhardacquired Meiningen, Wasungen, Salzungen, Massfeld, Sand, Frauenbreitungen,Herpf, Utendorf, Stepferhausen, Mehlis and Henneberg, thereafter being known asBERNHARD I Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen.
m firstly (Schloß Friedenstein Gotha 20 Nov 1671)MARIE HEDWIG Landgräfin vonHessen-Darmstadt, daughter of GEORG II Landgraf vonHessen-Darmstadt & his wifeSophie Eleonore vonSachsen(Gießen26 Nov 1647-Marienburg, Ichtershausen19 Apr 1680, bur Meiningen Schloßkirche).
m secondly (Schöningen 25 Jan 1681) as her second husband,ELISABETHELEONORE Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel,widow ofJOHANN GEORG Herzogvon Mecklenburg-Schwerin,daughter of ANTONULRICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel & his wife Elisabeth JulianeHerzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Norburg (Wolfenbüttel30 Sep/9 Oct 1658-Meiningen 15/25 Mar 1729, bur Meiningen Schloßkirche).
Bernhard & his first wife had seven children:
1. ERNST LUDWIG Herzog vonSachsen-Meiningen (Gotha 7 Oct 1672-Meiningen 24Nov 1724, bur Meiningen Schloßkirche). Erbherzog von Sachsen-Meiningen in 1681. He succeeded his father in 1706 asERNSTLUDWIG I Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen. He resisted sharing power with hisbrothers, adopting absolute rule in Meiningen in the style of Louis XIV. Thistriggered bitter disputes within the family, which continued after ErnstLudwig's death. He acquired Sonneberg and Neuhaus 1720 from the estates of hisuncle Albrecht Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg, who had died 1699. He acquiredtwo-thirds of Römhild in 1720 from the estates of his uncle Heinrich Herzog vonSachsen-Römhild, who had died in 1710. He inherited Altenstein from the Herrenvon Hund in 1722. He exchanged half Schalkau for Queienfeld, Schwikershausen,Rentwertshausen and Berkach with his first cousin Ernst Friedrich Herzog vonSachsen-Hildburghausen. m firstly(Gotha 19 Sep 1704)DOROTHEAMARIA Herzogin von Sachsen-Gotha, daughter of FRIEDRICH I Herzogvon Sachsen-Gotha & his first wife Magdalene Sibylle Herzogin vonSachsen-Weissenfels (Gotha 22 Jan/1 Feb 1674-Meiningen 18 Apr 1713, burMeiningen Schloßkirche). m secondly(Schloß Ehrenburg, near Coburg 3 Jun 1714) as her third husband,ELISABETHSOPHIE Markgräfin von Brandenburg, widow firstly ofFRIEDRICHKASIMIR Duke of Courland and secondly ofCHRISTIANERNST Markgraf von Brandenburg-Bayreuth, daughter of FRIEDRICHWILHELM Elector of Brandenburg & his second wife Dorothea Herzogin vonSchleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (Berlin 26 Mar/5 Apr 1674-Römhild 22Nov 1748, bur Meiningen Schloßkirche). Ernst Ludwig I & his first wife hadfive children:
a) JOSEF BERNHARD Erbherzogvon Sachsen-Meiningen (Meiningen 27 May 1706-Rome22 Mar 1724, bur Meiningen Schloßkirche).
b) FRIEDRICH AUGUST Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen(Meiningen 4 Nov 1707-Meningen 25 Dec 1707, bur Meiningen Schloßkirche).
c) ERNST LUDWIG Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen (Coburg 8 Aug 1709-Meiningen 24 Feb 1729, bur MeiningenSchloßkirche). He succeeded his father inn 1724 asERNST LUDWIG II Herzogvon Sachsen-Meiningen, minor. He ruled jointly with his uncles from 1727.
d) LUISE DOROTHEA Herzoginvon Sachsen-Meiningen (Meiningen 10 Aug 1710-Gotha22 Oct 1767). m(Gotha 17 Sep 1729)FRIEDRICHErbherzog von Sachsen-Gotha, son of FRIEDRICH II Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha & his wife Magdalena Augusta Pss von Anhalt-Zerbst (Gotha 14Apr 1699-Gotha 10 Mar 1772). He succeeded in 1732 asFRIEDRICH III Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha.
e) KARL FRIEDRICH Herzog vonSachsen-Meiningen (Meiningen 18 Jul 1712-Meiningen28 Mar 1743, bur Meiningen Schloßkirche). He succeeded his brother in 1729 asKARLFRIEDRICH JointHerzog von Sachsen-Meiningen, jointly with hisuncles, minor until 1733.
2. BERNHARD Herzog vonSachsen-Meiningen (Gotha 28 Oct 1673-Brussels 25/26Oct 1694, bur Meiningen Schloßkirche).
3. JOHANN ERNST Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen (Gotha29 Dec 1674-Gotha 8 Feb 1675, bur Ichtershausen).
4. MARIE ELISABETH Herzogin von Sachsen-Meiningen(Ichtershausen 11 Aug 1676-Ichtershausen 22 Dec 1676, bur Ichtershausen).
5. JOHANN GEORG Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen(Ichtershausen 3 Oct 1677-Ichtershausen 10 Oct 1678, bur Ichtershausen).
6. FRIEDRICH WILHELM Herzogvon Sachsen-Meiningen (Ichtershausen 16 Feb1679-Meiningen 10 Mar 1746, bur Meiningen Schloßkirche). He succeeded in 1727asFRIEDRICH WILHELM jointHerzog von Sachsen-Meiningen, jointlywith his nephews and his half-brother.
7. GEORG ERNST Herzog vonSachsen-Meiningen (Ichtershausen 26 Mar1680-Meiningen from smallpox 1 Jan 1699, bur Meiningen Schloßkirche).
Bernhard & his second wife had five children:
8. ELISABETH ERNESTINAANTONIA Herzogin von Sachsen-Meiningen (Meiningen 3Dec 1681-Gandersheim 24 Dec 1766, bur Gandersheim). Abbess of Gandersheim1713.
9. ELEONORE FRIEDERIKEHerzogin von Sachsen-Meiningen (Meiningen 2 Mar1683-Meiningen 13 May 1739, bur Meiningen). Canoness at Gandersheim 1708.
10. ANTON AUGUST Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen(Meiningen 20 Jun 1684-Meiningen 7/17 Dec 1684, bur Meiningen Schloßkirche).
11. WILHELMINA LUISE Herzoginvon Sachsen-Meiningen (Meiningen 20 Dec1686-Bernstadt 5 Oct 1753, bur Bernstadt). m (Meiningen 20 Dec 1703)KARL Herzog vonWürttemberg-Bernstadt, son of JULIUS SIGISMUND Herzog vonWürttemberg-Juliusburg & his wife Anna Sophie Herzogin vonMecklenburg-Schwerin (Juliusburg 1/11 Mar 1682-Bernstadt 8 Feb 1745, burBernstadt).
12. ANTON ULRICH Herzog vonSachsen-Meiningen (Meiningen 22 Oct 1687-Frankfurtam Main 27 Jan 1763, bur Meiningen Schloßkirche). He succeeded in 1727 asANTON ULRICH JointHerzog vonSachsen-Meiningen, jointly with his nephews and his half-brother.
- see below.
ANTONULRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen, (Meiningen 22 Oct 1687-Frankfurtam Main 27 Jan 1763, bur Meiningen Schloßkirche). A talented individual, well educated, he acquired artistic, musical andliterary tastes in addition to being strong-willed and having statesmanlikequalities. He sacrificed a military career to marry morganatically, living inAmsterdam after his first marriage. He succeeded in 1727 asANTON ULRICHJointHerzog von Sachsen-Meiningen, jointly with his nephews and hishalf-brother. He acquired Schloß Schalkau from the Schaumberg family in 1732. Anton Ulrich ruled solely from the death of his half-brother in 1746. Afterhis second marriage, he resided in Frankfurt-am-Main, ruling Meiningen fromafar.
m firstly (morganatically, in secret in Holland 1711)PHILIPPINE ELISABETH Caesar, daughter of DAVIDCaesar [Lieutenant at Kassel] & his wife Sophie Dorothea Döne (Kassel 6 Mar1683-Meiningen 14 Aug 1744, bur Meiningen Schloßkirche). She was lady inwaiting to Anton Ulrich's sister Elisabeth Ernestina. Ennobled as Fürstin byImperial Order at Vienna 21 Feb 1727, she bore the title “Herzogin vonSachsen”.
m secondly (Homburg vor der Höhe 26 Sep 1750)CHARLOTTE AMALIE Pss vonHessen-Philippsthal, daughter of KARL Landgraf vonHessen-Philippsthal & his wife Karoline Christine Pss von Sachsen-Eisenach(Philippsthal 11 Aug 1730-Meiningen 7 Sep 1801, bur Meiningen EnglischerGarten). Regent of Sachsen-Meiningen for her sons during their minority1763-1781. She returned to Meiningen from Frankfurt-am-Main after the death ofher husband and strove to restore the state's financial stability, which hadsuffered during the Seven Years War and years of continual strife in theprincely family, through careful planning and economy of expenditure. Inspiredby the Enlightenment, her other achievements in Meiningen included reform ofthe judicial system, introduction of poor relief, establishment of anatmosphere of cultural renaissance, and religious tolerance.
Anton
Ulrich & his first wife had tenchildren:
1. PHILIPPINE ANTOINETTE (1/2 Aug 1712-Meiningen 21 Jan 1785, bur Meiningen). Ennobled asFürstin by Imperial Order at Vienna 21 Feb 1727, with the title Herzogin vonSachsen.
2. PHILIPPINE ELISABETH (10 Sep 1713-Meiningen 18 Mar 1781, bur Meiningen). Ennobled asFürstin by Imperial Order at Vienna 21 Feb 1727, with the title Herzogin vonSachsen.
3. PHILIPPINE LUISE (10 Oct 1714-Meiningen 25 Oct 1771, bur Meiningen). Ennobled asFürstin by Imperial Order at Vienna 21 Feb 1727, with the title Herzogin vonSachsen.
4. PHILIPPINE WILHELMINA (11 Oct 1715-16 Apr or Nov1718).
5. BERNHARD ERNST (14 Dec 1716-12 or 14 Jun 1778, bur Meiningen). Ennobled as Fürstby Imperial Order at Vienna 21 Feb 1727, with the title Herzog von Sachsen. This Order accorded the right of succession, but this was reversed by Imperialdecision 4 Sep 1747 after a lengthy procedure following protests from themembers of the House of Saxony.
6. ANTONIE AUGUSTE (29 Dec 1717-19 Sep 1768, bur Meiningen). Ennobled as Fürstin byImperial Order at Vienna 21 Feb 1727, with the title Herzogin von Sachsen.
7. SOPHIE WILHELMINE (23 Feb 1719-24 Nov 1723).
8. KARL LUDWIG (30 Oct 1721-[20 May 1727]). Ennobled as Fürstin by Imperial Order at Vienna 21 Feb 1727, with the titleHerzogin von Sachsen.
9. CHRISTINE FRIEDERIKE (13 Dec 1723-young).
10. FRIEDRICH FERDINAND (12 Mar 1725-17 Jun 1725).
Anton Ulrich & his second wife hadeight children:
11. CHARLOTTE Herzogin vonSachsen-Meiningen (Frankfurt am Main 11 Sep1751-Genoa 25 Apr 1827, bur Gotha Schloßpark or Genoa). m(Meiningen 21 Mar 1769)ERNSTLUDWIG Erbherzog von Sachsen-Gotha, son of FRIEDRICH III Herzogvon Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg & his wife Luise Dorothea Herzogin vonSachsen-Meningen (Gotha 30 Jan 1745-Gotha 20 Apr 1804, bur Gotha Schloßpark). He succeeded in 1772 asERNST II Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha.
12. WILHELMINE LUISE CHRISTIANE Herzogin vonSachsen-Meiningen (Frankfurt am Main 6 Aug 1752-Kassel 3 Jun 1805, burBarchfeld). m (Meiningen 18 Oct 1781)ADOLF Landgraf vonHessen-Philippsthal-Barchfeld, sonof WILHELMLandgraf von Hessen-Philippsthal-Barchfeld & his wife Charlotte WilhelminePss von Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (Ypres 29 Jun 1743-Barchfeld 17 Jul1803, bur Barchfeld “in der Frau Landgräfin ihrem Garten”).
13. ELISABETH Herzogin von Sachsen-Meiningen(Frankfurt am Main 11 Sep 1753-Frankfurt am Main Feb 1754, bur MeiningenSchloßkirche).
14. KARL Herzog vonSachsen-Meiningen (Frankfurt am Main 19 Nov1754-Sonneberg 21 Jul 1782, bur Meiningen Englischer Garten). He succeeded his father in 1763 asKARL JointHerzogvon Sachsen-Meiningen, jointly with his brother Georg I, under the regencyof his mother until 1775. He was of a frail constitution. m (Gedern 5 Jun 1780) as her first husband,LUISE Pss zu Stolberg-Gedern, daughter ofCHRISTIAN KARL Fürst zu Stolberg-Gedern & his wife --- (Gedern 13 Oct1764-Karlsruhe, Silesia 24 May 1834, bur Karlsruhe). She married secondly (Meiningen11/21 Jan 1797)Eugen Herzog von Württemberg.
15. LUDWIG Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen (Frankfurtam Main 16 Mar 1756-Frankfurt am Main 25 Mar 1761, bur MeiningenSchloßkirche).
16. FRIEDRICH WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen(Frankfurt am Main 18 Nov 1757-Frankfurt am Main 13 Apr 1758, bur MeiningenSchloßkirche).
17. GEORG Herzog vonSachsen-Meiningen (Frankfurt 4 Feb 1761-Meiningen24 Dec 1803, bur Meiningen, Englischer Garten). Hesucceeded his father in 1763 asGEORG IJointHerzog vonSachsen-Meiningen, jointly with his brother Karl, under the regency of hismother until 1781. He ruled solely from the death of his brother in 1782. Hecontinued his mother's policy of enlightened despotism, in particular improvingschools, roads, industry and forestry (founding the Forestry Academy in 1801). He laid out the English gardens and the park of Altenstein. m (Langenburg 27 Nov 1782)LUISE ELEONORE Pss zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg,daughter of CHRISTIAN ALBRECHT LUDWIG Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg & hiswife Caroline Pss zu Stolberg-Gedern (Langenburg 11 Aug 1763-Meiningen 30 Apr1837, bur Meiningen, Englischer Garten). She was regent 1803-1821 during theminority of her son, but was unable to pursue the reforms of her husbandbecause of the Napoleonic wars. Her father-in-law's project to found the"Gymnasium Bernhardinum" was finally completed by her in 1821. GeorgI & his wife had four children:
a) ADELHEID Herzogin vonSachsen-Meiningen (Meiningen13 Aug 1792-Bentley Priory, Harrow, near Stanmore, Middlesex 2 Dec 1849, bur StGeorge’s Chapel Windsor). m (Kew Palace 11 Jul 1818)WILLIAMDuke of Clarence, son of GEORGE III King of Great Britain & hiswife Charlotte Herzogin von Mecklenburg-Strelitz (BuckinghamHouse 21 Aug 1765-Windsor Castle 20 Jun 1837, bur St George’s Chapel Windsor). He succeeded his brother King George IV in 1830 asWILLIAM IV King of Great Britain Ireland, and Hannover.
b) IDA Herzogin vonSachsen-Meiningen (Meiningen 25 Jun 1794-Weimar 4Apr 1852, bur Weimar Friedhof). m (Meiningen 30 May 1816)BERNHARD Prinz von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach,son of CARL AUGUST Großherzog von Sachsen & his wife Luise Landgräfin vonHessen-Darmstadt (Weimar 30 May 1792-Liebenstein 31 Jul 1862, bur WeimarFriedhof).
c) daughter stillborn (Meiningen 16 Oct 1796).
d) BERNHARD Herzog vonSachsen-Meiningen (Meiningen 17 Dec 1800-Meiningen3 Dec 1882, bur Meiningen Englischer Garten). He succeeded his father in 1803 asBERNHARD II Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen,under the regency of his mother until 1821. Sachsen-Meiningen was incorporatedinto the Rheinbund by Napoleon. Under the Treaty of 12 Nov 1826, Bernhard gaveup the territories of Callenberg and Gauerstadt to Sachsen-Coburg, and receivedHildburghausen and Saalfeld. He abdicated 20 Sep 1866 in favour of his son. m (Kassel 23 Mar 1825)MARIE Pss von Hessen-Kassel,daughter of WILHELM II Kfst von Hessen & his first wife Auguste Pss ofPrussia (Hanau 6 Sep 1804-Meiningen 4 Jan 1888, bur Meiningen Englischer Garten). Bernhard II & his wife had two children:
i) GEORG Herzog vonSachsen-Meiningen (Meiningen 2 Apr 1826-Wildungen25 Jun 1914). He succeeded on the abdocation of hisfather in 1866 asGEORG II Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen.
- see below.
ii) AUGUSTE Pss vonSachsen-Meiningen (Meiningen 6 Aug 1843-Altenburg11 Nov 1919). m(Meiningen 15 Oct 1862)MORITZPrinz von Sachsen-Altenburg, son of GEORG KARL FRIEDRICH Herzogvon Sachsen-Altenburg & his wife Marie Herzogin von Mecklenburg-Schwerin(Eisenberg 24 Oct 1829-Arco, Italy 13 May 1907).
18. AMALIE Herzogin vonSachsen-Meiningen (Frankfurt am Main 4 Mar1762-Carolath 28 May 1798, bur Carolath). m (Meiningen or Frankfurt am Main 10 Feb 1783)HEINRICH KARL ERDMANN Prinz von Carolath-Beuthen,son of --- (-Carolath 1 Feb 1817, bur Carolath). He succeeded in 1791 asFürst von Carolath-Beuthen.
GEORG Herzogvon Sachsen-Meiningen, son of BERNHARD II Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen& his wife Marie Pss von Hessen-Kassel (Meiningen 2 Apr 1826-Wildungen 25Jun 1914). He succeeded on the abdication of hisfather in 1866 asGEORG II Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen. InfantryGeneral in the Prussian Army. Known as “der Theaterherzog”, in 1866 heorganised a theatrical group called the Meiningen players who toured Europefrom 1874 to 1890. He was an important influence in the development of moderntheatre, emphasising the importance of the role of a production’s director toperfect ensemble acting. He also used historically accurate costumes andsettings.
m firstly (Charlottenburg 18 May 1850)CHARLOTTE Pss of Prussia,daughter of ALBRECHT Prince of Prussia & his first wife Marianne Pss of theNetherlands (Schloß Niederschönhausen, near Berlin 21Jun 1831-Schloß Meiningen 30 Mar 1855, bur Meiningen Englischer Garten).
m secondly (Langenburg 23 Oct 1858)FEODORA Pss zuHohenlohe-Langenburg, daughter of ERNST Fürst zuHohenlohe-Langenburg & his wife Feodora Pss zu Leiningen (Stuttgart 7 Jul1839-Meiningen 30 Mar 1872, bur Meiningen Englischer Garten).
m thirdly (morganatically, Liebenstein 18 Mar 1873)HELENE Franz, daughter of HERMANN Franz[Professor at the School of Commerce in Naumburg] & his wife Sarah AntoniaGrant (Naumburg-an-der-Saale 30 May 1839-Meiningen 26 Mar 1923). An actress inMeiningen. She was createdFreifrau von Heldburgin Sachsen-Meiningen 18 Mar 1873.
Georg II & his first wife had four children:
1. BERNHARD Erbprinz vonSachsen-Meiningen (Meiningen1 Apr 1851-Meiningen 16 Jan 1928, bur Meiningen). He succeeded his father 1914 asBERNHARD IIIHerzog von Sachsen-Meiningen. He abdicated 10 Nov 1918. He was an amateurarchaeologist. m (Berlin 18 Feb 1878)his second cousin,CHARLOTTE Pss of Prussia,daughter of FRIEDRICH Crown Prince of Prussia [later FRIEDRICH III Emperor ofGermany] & his wife Victoria Pss Royal of Great Britain and Ireland (Neues Palais, near Potsdam 24 Jul 1860-Baden-Baden 1 Oct1919, bur Schloß Altenstein). A 1998 study suggested that Charlotte andher daughter Feodora both suffered from the disease porphyria. Bernhard III & his wife had one child:
a) FEODORA Pss vonSachsen-Meiningen (Potsdam 12 May 1879-committedsuicide Schloß Neuhoff 26 Aug 1945, bur near Kowary, Poland). m (Breslau24 Sep 1898)HEINRICH XXX Prinz Reuß j L zuKöstritz, son of HEINRICH IX Prinz Reuß j L zu Köstritz & hiswife Anna Freiin von Zedlitz und Leipe (Schloß Neuhoff 25 Nov 1864-SchloßNeuhoff 23 Mar 1939, bur near Kowary, Poland).
2. GEORG Prinz von Sachsen-Meiningen (Meiningen 12Apr 1852-Meiningen 27 Jan 1855, bur Meiningen Englischer Garten).
3. MARIA ELISABETH Pss vonSachsen-Meiningen (Potsdam 23 Sep 1853-Munich 22Feb 1923, bur Meiningen). She composed various musical works, including asonata for clarinet and piano.
4. son (Meiningen 29 Mar 1855-Meiningen 30 Mar1855, bur Meiningen Englischer Garten).
Georg II & his second wife had threechildren:
5. ERNST Prinz vonSachsen-Meiningen (Meiningen 27 Sep 1859-SchloßAltenstein 29 Dec 1941). He succeeded his half-brother in 1928 as Head of theHouse von Sachsen-Meiningen. m (Munich20 Sep 1892)KATHARINA Jensen, daughterof WILHELM Jensen & his wife Marie Eleonore Brühl (Kiel 25 Jan1874-Neu-Egling, near Murnau 19 Apr 1945). She was createdFreifrau von Saalfeld in Sachsen-Meiningen 20 Sep1892.
- FREIHERRENvon SAALFELD[321].
6. FRIEDRICH Prinz vonSachsen-Meiningen (Meiningen 12 Oct 1861-killed inaction Tarcienne, near Charleroi, France 23 Aug 1914, bur Meiningen). Lieutenant Colonel in the Prussian Army. m (Neudorf 24 Apr 1889)ADELHEID Gräfin zur Lippe-Biesterfeld, daughterof ERNST Graf zur Lippe-Biesterfeld & his wife Karoline Gräfin vonWartensleben (Oberkassel 22 Jun 1870-Detmold 3 Sep 1948). Friedrich & hiswife had six children:
a) FEODORA Pss vonSachsen-Meiningen (Hannover 29 May 1890-Freiburg imBreisgau 12 Mar 1972). m(Meiningen 4 Jan 1910) as his second wife,WILHELMERNST Großherzog von Sachsen, son of CARL AUGUST Prinz von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach& his wife Pauline Pss von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar 10 Jun1876-Heinrichau 24 Apr 1923).
b) ADELHEID Pss vonSachsen-Meiningen (Kassel 16 Aug 1891-LaTour-de-Peilz, near Montreux, Switzerland 25 Apr 1971). m (Wilhelmshaven 3 Aug 1914)ADALBERTPrince of Prussia, son of WILHELM II Emperor of Germany & hisfirst wife Auguste Viktoria Pss von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg(Marmorpalais, near Potsdam 14 Jul 1884-La Tour dePeilz, near Montreux, Switzerland 22 Sep 1948).
c) GEORG Prinz vonSachsen-Meiningen (Kassel 11 Oct 1892-in RussianPOW camp Tschernpowetz, Siberia 6 Jan 1946). He succeeded his uncle in 1941 asHead of the House von Sachsen-Meiningen, and assumed the title ofHerzog von Sachsen-Meiningen. m (Freiburg im Breisgau 22 Feb 1919)KLARA-MARIE Gräfin von Korff gen Schmissing-Kerssenbrock,daughter of ALFRED Graf von Korff gen Schmissing-Kerssenbrock & his wife HeleneFreiin von Hilgers (Darmstadt 31 May 1895-Högerhof bei Türnitz, Lower Austria10 Feb 1992, bur Heldburg). Georg & his wife had four children:
i) ANTON ULRICH Prinz vonSachsen-Meiningen (Jena 23 Dec 1919-killed inaction at Albert-sur-Somme 20 May 1940).
ii) FRIEDRICH ALFRED Prinz vonSachsen-Meiningen (Jena 5 Apr 1921-Arlington,Vermont 18 Sep 1997). He succeeded his father in 1945 as Head of the House vonSachsen-Meiningen. He became a Carthusian monk “Dom Marianus Marck” at theCharterhouse of the Transfiguration, near Arlington, Vermont, since hisordination at Passau Cathedral 29 Jun 1950. He relinquished his rights as Headof the House in favour of his uncle.
iii) MARIE ELISABETH Pss von Sachsen-Meiningen (Jena18 Dec 1922-Jena 31 Mar 1923).
iv) REGINA Pss vonSachsen-Meiningen (Würzburg 6 Jan 1925-Pöcking 3Feb 2010). m(Nancy 10 May 1951)OTTO Archduke of Austria, son ofKARL I Emperor of Austria, & his wife donna Zita di Borbone Pss of Parma (Villa Wartholz bei Reichenau, Lower Austria 20 Nov 1912-Pöcking 4Jul 2011).
d) ERNST Prinz vonSachsen-Meiningen (Hannover 23 Sep 1895-killed inaction near Maubeuge 17 Aug 1914).
e) LUISE Pss vonSachsen-Meiningen (Köln 13 Mar 1899-Oeschelbronnbei Pforzheim 14 Feb 1985). m (Detmold25 Oct 1936)GÖTZ Freiherr von Wangenheim,son of --- (Berlin 18 Jan 1895-killed in action at Chernatskoie, Russia 5 Oct1941).
f) BERNHARD Prinz vonSachsen-Meiningen (Köln 30 Jun 1901-Bad Krozingen 4Oct 1984). He succeeded his nephew in 1950 as Head of the House vonSachsen-Meiningen, adopting the titleHerzog von Sachsen-Meiningen. m firstly (Eichenhof im Riesengebirge 25 Apr1931, divorced Freiburg im Breisgau 10 Jun 1947)MARGOTGrössler, daughter of FRIEDRICH Grössler & his wife Erika Wägner(Breslau 22 Jan 1911-). m secondly(Ziegenberg über Bad Nauheim 11 Aug 1948, divorced Giessen 29 Sep 1975)VERA Freiin Schäffer von Bernstein, daughter ofFRIEDRICH Freiherr Schäffer von Bernstein & his wife Carola von Passavant(Frankfurt-am-Main 10 Aug 1914-24 Oct 1994). Bernhard had two children by hisfirst wife, and three by his second.
- PRINZEN von SACHSEN-MEININGEN.
7. VIKTOR Prinz von Sachsen-Meiningen (Meiningen 14May 1865-Meiningen 17 May 1865). .
The following reconstruction includes noprimary source references. Posse includes biographical notes of individualpersons, supported by citation references.
ERNST Herzogvon Sachsen-Gotha, son of ERNST I "der Fromme" joint Herzogvon Sachsen-Gotha & his wife Elisabeth Sophie Herzogin vonSachsen-Altenburg (Gotha 12 Jun 1655-Hildburghausen 17 Oct 1715, burHildburghausen). He succeeded on the abdication ofhis father in 1674 asERNST jointHerzog von Sachsen-Gotha,jointly with his brothers. The brothers divided their territories between themby agreement 24 Feb 1680, under which Ernst acquired Heldburg, Eisfeld,Hildburghausen, Veilsdorf and Schalkau, thereafter being known asERNSTHerzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen. He acquired Königsberg in 1683 from hisbrother Heinrich Herzog von Sachsen-Römhild. He established Hildburghausen ashis residence in 1684, and constructed the Residenzschloß (which was destroyedduring the Second World War) in 1685/95 under the direction of Elias Gedelerand Johann Schnabel. The Baroque gardens, in the French style, were laid outin 1700. Ernst acquired Sonnefeld 23 Jul 1705 from the estates of his brotherAlbrecht Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg, who had died in 1699. He encouraged the settlementof Huguenots in Hildburghausen by Edict of 31 Jul 1711. He acquired Behringenand Miltitz 1714 from the estates of his brother Heinrich Herzog vonSachsen-Römhild, who had died in 1710.
m (Arolsen 30 Nov 1680)SOPHIE HENRIETTEGräfin von Waldeck, daughter of GEORG FRIEDRICH Graf [later Fürst]von Waldeck & his wife --- (Arolsen 3/13 Aug 1662-Erbach 15 Oct 1702, burHildburghausen).
Ernst & his wife had five children:
1. ERNST FRIEDRICH Erbherzogvon Sachsen-Hildburghausen (Arolsen 21 Aug1681-Hildburghausen 9 Mar 1724, bur Hildburghausen). Major General in the army of the GeneralStates 1709. Heer van Culemborg 1714-1720. He succeeded his father in 1715 asERNST FRIEDRICH I Herzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen. General FieldMarshal Lieutenant in the Imperial army 1721. m(Erbach 4 Feb 1704)SOPHIE ALBERTINA Gräfin vonErbach-Erbach, daughter of GEORG LUDWIG I Graf von Erbach-Erbach& his wife Amalie Katharina Gräfin von Waldeck (Erbach 30 Jul 1683-Eisfeld4 Sep 1742, bur Hildburghausen). Ernst Friedrich I & his wife had fourteenchildren:
a) ERNST LUDWIG HOLLANDINUS Herzog vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 23 Nov 1704-Hildburghausen 27 Nov 1704,bur Hildburghausen).
b) SOPHIA AMALIA ELISABETH Herzogin vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 5 Oct 1705-Hildburghausen 28 Feb 1708,bur Hildburghausen).
c) ERNST LUDWIG Herzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen(Hildburghausen 6 Feb 1707-Hildburghausen 17 Apr 1707, bur Hildburghausen).
d) ERNST FRIEDRICH Erbherzogvon Sachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 17 Dec1707-Hildburghausen 13 Aug 1745, bur Hildburghausen). He succeeded his father in 1724 asERNSTFRIEDRICH II Herzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen, minor until 1728.
- see below.
e) FRIEDRICH AUGUST Herzog vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 8 May 1709-Hildburghausen 4 Mar 1710,bur Hildburghausen).
f) LUDWIG FRIEDRICH Herzogvon Sachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 11 Sep1710-Nijmegen 10 Jun 1759, bur Nijmegen). General of Infantry of the General States. Governor of Nijmegen. GeneralField Marshal in the Imperial and Electoral Bavarian armies. m (Weikersheim 4 May 1749) as her second husband,CHRISTIANE LUISE Herzoginvon Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön, widow ofALBRECHT FRIEDRICH LUDWIG Graf von Hohenlohe-Weikersheim,daughter of JOHANN FRIEDRICH Herzog von Holstein-Plön-Norburg & his first wifeMagdalene Juliane Pfalzgräfin von Birkenfeld (Plön 27 Nov 1713-Heilbronn 6 Apr1778, bur Weikersheim).
g) daughter stillborn (Hildburghausen 2 Aug 1711).
h) daughter stillborn (Hildburghausen 24 Aug1712).
i) ELISABETH ALBERTINAHerzogin von Sachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen3 Aug 1713-Neustrelitz 29 Jun 1761, bur Mirow). m(Eisfeld 5 Feb 1735)KARLLUDWIG FRIEDRICH Herzog von Mecklenburg-Strelitz zu Mirow,son of ADOLF FRIEDRICH I Herzog von Mecklenburg-Strelitz & hisfirst wife Marie von Mecklenburg-Güstrow (Strelitz 23 Feb 1708-Mirow 5 Jun1752, bur Mirow).
j) EMANUEL FRIEDRICH KARL Herzog vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 26 Mar 1715-Hildburghausen 29 Jun 1718,bur Hildburghausen).
k) ELISABETH SOPHIA Herzogin vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 13 Sep 1717-Hildburghausen 4 Oct 1717,bur Hildburghausen).
l) daughter stillborn (Hildburghausen 17 Mar 1719).
m) GEORG FRIEDRICH WILHELM Herzog vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 15 Jul 1720-Hildburghausen 10 Apr 1721,bur Hildburghausen).
n) son stillborn (Hildburghausen 15 Feb 1721).
2. SOPHIE CHARLOTTE Herzogin vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Arolsen 23 Dec 1682-Eisfeld 20 Apr 1684, burHildburghausen).
3. SOPHIE CHARLOTTE Herzoginvon Sachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 23 Mar1685-Hildburghausen 4 Jun 1710, bur Hildburghausen).
4. KARL WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen(Arolsen 25 Jul 1686-Arolsen 2 Apr 1687, bur Hildburghausen).
5. JOSEPH FRIEDRICH Herzogvon Sachsen-Hildburghausen (Erbach 5 Oct1702-Hildburghausen 4 Jan 1787, bur Hildburghausen). He converted to Catholicism at Naples in 1727. Field Marshal in the Imperial army. He sponsored an orchestra at his court inVienna, its Konzertmeister from 1752 being Christoph Willibald Gluck. From1751, Karl Ditters von Dittersdorf studied with the orchestra, which wasdisbanded when Herzog Joseph left Vienna to assume the regency atHildburghausen. Regent 1780 for his great nephew Friedrich Herzog vonSachsen-Hildburghausen. m (Paris 17 Apr1738, separated 1752)MARIE ANNE VICTOIRE Pss deSavoie-Carignan, daughter of LOUIS THOMAS Prince de Savoie-CarignanComte de Soissons & his wife Uranie de la Cropte Dame de Beauvais (Paris 11Sep 1683-Turin from apoplexy 11 Oct 1763, bur Turin). She was principalheiress of her uncle Prince Eugène and inherited his Belvedere Palace in Viennawhich she sold in 1752 to Empress Maria Theresia.
ERNSTFRIEDRICH Erbherzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen, son of ERNST FRIEDRICHI Herzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen & his wife Sophie Albertina Gräfin vonErbach-Erbach (Hildburghausen 17 Dec 1707-Hildburghausen 13 Aug 1745, burHildburghausen). He succeeded his father1724 asERNST FRIEDRICH II Herzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen, minoruntil 1728. Field Marshal in the Imperial and Palatinate armies.
m (Fürstenau 19 Jun 1726)KAROLINE Gräfinvon Erbach-Fürstenau, daughter of PHILIPP KARL Graf vonErbach-Fürstenau & his wife Amalie Charlotte Gräfin von Kunowitz (Fürstenau29 Sep 1700-Hildburghausen 7 May 1758, bur Hildburghausen). Regent ofHildburghausen for her son in 1745.
Ernst Friedrich II & his wife had fourchildren:
1. ERNST FRIEDRICH KARLErbherzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen (Königsberg,Franken 10 Jun 1727-Seidingstadt 23 Sep 1780, bur Hildburghausen). He succeeded his father in 1745 asERNSTFRIEDRICH III Herzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen, minor until 1748. Generalof Infantry in the Danish army. A theatre was established at Hildburghausen in1755, in the Ball- und Festhaus (which had been built in 1721/22). Years offinancial mismanagement resulted in the appointment in 1769 of an Imperial DebtCommission, which attempted to re-establish financial order in the followingdecade. Matters were made worse by a famine in 1770/71. m firstly (Hirschholm Castle, near Copenhagen 1Oct 1749)LOUISAPss of Denmark, daughter of CHRISTIAN VI King of Denmark &his wife Sophie Magdalene Markgräfin von Brandenburg-Bayreuth (Copenhagen 19Oct 1726-Hildburghausen 8 Aug 1756, bur Hildburghausen). m secondly (Christiansborg Castle, Copenhagen 20Jan 1757)CHRISTIANESOPHIE CHARLOTTE Markgräfin von Brandenburg-Bayreuth, daughterof FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN Markgraf von Brandenburg-Bayreuth & his wife ViktoriaCharlotte Pss von Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (Schloß Neustadt an der Aisch15 Oct 1733-Seidingstadt 8 Oct 1757, bur Hildburghausen). m thirdly (Bayreuth 1 Jul 1758)ERNESTINA AUGUSTE SOPHIEHerzogin von Sachsen-Weimar, daughter of ERNST AUGUST I Herzogvon Sachsen-Weimar & his second wife Sophie Charlotte Albertine Markgräfinvon Brandenburg-Bayreuth (Weimar 4 Jan 1740-Hildburghausen 10 Jun 1786, burHildburghausen). Ernst Friedrich III & his first wife had one child:
a) SOPHIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Hildburghausen(Hildburghausen 5 Dec 1755-Hildburghausen 10 Jan 1756, bur Hildburghausen).
Ernst FriedrichIII & his second wife had one child:
b) SOPHIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Hildburghausen(Hildburghausen 4 Oct 1757-Hildburghausen 17 Oct 1757, bur Hildburghausen).
Ernst Friedrich III & his third wife had three children:
c) SOPHIE Herzogin vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 22 Feb1760-Coburg 28 Oct 1776, bur Coburg). m (Hildburghausen 6 Mar 1776)FRANZ FRIEDRICH ANTON Erbherzogvon Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld, son of ERNST FRIEDRICH Herzog vonSachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld & his wife Sophie Antonie Pss vonBraunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Coburg 15 Jul 1750-Coburg 9 Dec 1806, bur CoburgMausoleum). He succeeded his father in 1800 asHerzogvon Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld.
d) KAROLINE Herzogin vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 4 Dec1761-Oehringen 10 Jan 1790, bur Oehringen). m (Oehringen 13 Mar 1778) her uncle,EUGEN Herzog vonSachsen-Hildburghausen,son of ERNSTFRIEDRICH II Herzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen & his wife Karoline Gräfinzu Erbach-FürstenauHildburghausen8 Oct 1730-Oehringen 4 Dec 1795, bur Oehringen).
e) FRIEDRICH Erbherzog vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 29 Apr1763-Jagdhaus Hummelhain, Altenburg 29 Sep 1834, bur Altenburg Schloßkirche). He succeeded his father in 1780 as FRIEDRICHHerzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen, minor until 1787 under the regency ofhis great uncle Joseph. Field Marshall Lieutenant in the Austrian Army. General of Infantry in the Bavarian Army. Under the Treaty of 12 Nov 1826, herenounced the duchy of Hildburghausen, and received the principality ofAltenburg, becoming Herzog von Sachsen-Altenburg.
- see below, HERZÖGE vonSACHSEN-ALTENBURG.
2. ALBRECHT Herzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen(Hildburghausen 8 Aug 1728-Hildburghausen 14 Jun 1735, bur Hildburghausen).
3. EUGEN Herzog vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 8 Oct1730-Oehringen 4 Dec 1795, bur Oehringen). Lieutenant General in the Danish army. m(Oehringen 13 Mar 1778) his niece,KAROLINE Pss von Sachsen-Hildburghausen,daughter of ERNST FRIEDRICH III Herzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen & histhird wife Ernestina Auguste Sophie Herzogin von Sachsen-Weimar (Hildburghausen4 Dec 1761-Oehringen 10 Jan 1790, bur Oehringen).
4. SOPHIE AMALIE KAROLINEHerzogin von Sachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen21 Jul 1732-Oehringen 19 Jun 1799, bur Oehringen). m(Hildburghausen 28 Jan 1749) LUDWIG FRIEDRICH KARLErbprinz zu Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Oehringen, son of --- (-Oehringen27 Jul 1805, bur Oehringen). He succeeded in 1765 asFürst zu Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Oehringen.
FRIEDRICH Erbherzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen,son of ERNST FRIEDRICH III Herzog vonSachsen-Hildburghausen & his third wife Ernestina Auguste Sophie Herzoginvon Sachsen-Weimar (Hildburghausen 29 Apr 1763-Jagdhaus Hummelhain, Altenburg29 Sep 1834, bur Altenburg Schloßkirche). He succeeded his father in 1780 as FRIEDRICH Herzog vonSachsen-Hildburghausen, minor until 1787 under the regency of his greatuncle Joseph. Field Marshall Lieutenant in the Austrian Army. General ofInfantry in the Bavarian Army. Under the Treaty of 12 Nov 1826, he renouncedthe duchy of Hildburghausen, and received the principality of Altenburg,becoming Herzog von Sachsen-Altenburg.
m (Hildburghausen 3 Sep 1785)CHARLOTTEHerzogin vonMecklenburg-Strelitz, daughter of KARL Erbprinz vonMecklenburg-Strelitz [later KARL II Herzog von Mecklenburg-Strelitz] & hisfirst wife Friederike Karoline Landgräfin von Hessen-Darmstadt (Hannover 17 Nov1769-Hildburghausen 14 May 1818, bur Hildburghausen).
Friedrich & his wife had twelve children:
1. FRIEDRICH Prinz von Sachsen-Hildburghausen(Hildburghausen 12 Jun 1786-Hildburghausen 30 Jul 1786, bur Hildburghausen).
2. KATHARINA CHARLOTTE Pssvon Sachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 17 Jun1787-Bamberg 12 Dec 1847, bur Ludwigsburg Schloßkirche, Evangelical section). m(Ludwigsburg 28 Sep 1805)PAUL Herzog von Württemberg,son of FRIEDRICH II Herzog von Württemberg & his first wife Auguste Pss vonBraunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (St Petersburg 19 Jan 1785-Paris 16 Apr 1852, burLudwigsburg Schloßkirche, Catholic section).
3. AUGUSTE Pss von Sachsen-Hildburghausen (b and dHildburghausen 29 Jul 1788, bur Hildburghausen).
4. JOSEPH Prinz vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 27 Aug1789-Altenburg 25 Nov 1868, bur Altenburg Friedhof). Erbprinz von Sachsen-Hildburghausen, and from 1826 Erbprinz vonSachsen-Altenburg. He succeeded his father in 1834 asJOSEPHHerzog von Sachsen-Altenburg. He abdicated 30 Nov 1848 in favour of hisyounger brother. m (Kirchheim 24Apr 1817)AMALIEHerzogin von Württemberg, daughter of LUDWIG Herzog vonWürttemberg & his second wife Henriette Pss von Nassau-Weilburg (SchloßWallisfurth, near Glatz 28 Jun 1799-Altenburg 28 Nov 1848, bur AltenburgFriedhof). Joseph & his wife had six children:
a) MARIE Pss vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen14 Apr 1818-Gmunden, Austria 9 Jan 1907, bur Gmunden). Pss von Sachsen-Altenburg from 1826. m (Hannover 18 Feb 1843)GEORG Erbprinz von Hannover,son of ERNST AUGUST King of Hannover, Prince of Great Britain and Ireland &his wife Friederike Herzogin von Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Unter-den-LindenStraße, Berlin 27 May 1819-Rue Presbourg, Paris 12 Jun 1878, bur St George’sChapel Windsor). He succeeded his father in 1851 asGEORG V King of Hannover.
b) PAULINE Pss von Sachsen-Hildburghausen(Kirchheim unter Teck 24 Nov 1819-Hildburghausen 11 Jan 1825).
c) THERESE Pss vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 9 Oct1823-Altenburg 3 Apr 1915). Pss vonSachsen-Altenburg from 1826.
d) ELISABETH Pss vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 26 Mar1826-Oldenburg 2 Feb 1896). Pss von Sachsen-Altenburg from 1826. m (Hildburghausen 10 Feb 1852)PETER Erbherzog vonOldenburg, son of AUGUST I Großherzog von Oldenburg & hissecond wife Ida Pss von Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (Oldenburg 8 Jul1827-Rastede 13 Jun 1900). He succeeded his father in 1853 asPETER II Großherzog von Oldenburg.
e) ALEXANDRA Pss vonSachsen-Altenburg (Altenburg 8 Jul 1830-StPetersburg 6 Jul 1911). Shewas baptised into the Orthodox faith 30 Aug 1848 asALEXANDRAIossifovna. m (St Petersburg 11 Sep 1848)CONSTANTIN Nikolaievich GrandDuke of Russia, son of NICHOLAS I Emperor of Russia & hiswife Alexandra Feodorovna née Charlotte Pss of Prussia (St Petersburg 21 Sep1827-Pavlovsk 25 Jan 1892).
f) LUISE Pss von Sachsen-Altenburg (Altenburg 4 Jun1832-Hummelshain 29 Aug 1833).
5. FRIEDERIKE Pss von Sachsen-Hildburghausen(Hildburghausen 18 Jan 1791-Hildburghausen 25 Mar 1791, bur Hildburghausen).
6. THERESA Pss vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Jagdschloß,Hildburghausen 8 Jul 1792-Munich 26 Oct 1854, bur Munich St Bonifaz). m(Munich 12 Oct 1810)LUDWIG Crown Prince of Bavaria,son of MAXIMILIAN I King of Bavaria & his first wife Auguste Wilhelmine Pssvon Hessen-Darmstadt (Strasbourg 25 Aug 1786-Nice 29Feb 1868, bur Munich St Bonifaz). He succeeded hisfather in 1825 asLUDWIG I King of Bavaria.
7. LUISE Pss vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 28 Jan1794-Biebrich 6 Apr 1825, bur Weilburg). m (Weilburg 24 Jun 1814) as his first wife,WILHELM Erbprinz vonNassau-Weilburg,son ofFRIEDRICH WILHELMFürst von Nassau [Weilburg] & his wife Luise Burggräfi von Kirchberg (Kirchheimbolanden 14 Jun 1792-Kissingen 30 Aug 1839, bur Weilburg). He succeeded his father in 1816 asFürstvon Nassau [Weilburg], and his distant cousin asWILHELM Herzog von Nassau 24 Mar 1816.
8. FRANZ Prinz von Sachsen-Hildburghausen(Hildburghausen 13 Apr 1795-Hildburghausen 28 May 1800).
9. GEORG Prinz vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 24 Jul1796-Hummelshain 3 Aug 1853, bur Altenburg Friedhof). Prinz von Sachsen-Altenburg from 1826. He succeeded in 1848 on the abdication of his brother asGEORG Herzog vonSachsen-Altenburg.
- see below.
10. FRIEDRICH Prinz vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 4 Oct1801-Altenburg 1 Jul 1870, bur Altenburg Friedhof). Prinz von Sachsen-Altenburg from 1826.
11. MAXIMILIAN Prinz von Sachsen-Hildburghausen(Hildburghausen 19 Feb 1803-Hildburghausen 29 Mar 1803, bur Hildburghausen).
12. EDUARD Prinz vonSachsen-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen 3 Jul1804-Munich 16 May 1852, bur Altenburg Friedhof). Prinz von Sachsen-Altenburg from 1826. m firstly (Sigmaringen 25 Jul 1835)AMALIE Pss vonHohenzollern-Sigmaringen, daughter of KARL ANTON Fürst vonHohenzollern-Sigmaringen & his first wife Antoinette Pss Murat (Schloß Sigmaringen 30 Apr 1815-Schloß Sigmaringen 14 Jan1841, bur Sigmaringen Schloßkirche). msecondly (Greiz 8 Mar 1842) as her first husband,LUISE Pss Reuß zu Greiz, daughter of HEINRICH XIXFürst Reuß zu Greiz & his wife Gasparine Pss de Rohan-Rochefort (Greiz 3Dec 1822-Ernstbrunn 28 May 1875, bur Ernstbrunn). Eduard & his first wifehad four children:
a) THERESE Pss vonSachsen-Altenburg (Ansbach 21 Dec 1836-Stockholm 9Nov 1914). m(Altenburg 16 Apr 1864)AUGUST Prince of Sweden Duke of Dalecarlia,son of OSCAR I King of Sweden and Norway & his wife Josephine Beauharnais Pssvon Leuchtenberg (Drottningholm 24 Aug 1831-Stockholm 4 Mar 1873, bur Stockholm).
b) ANTOINETTE Pss vonSachsen-Altenburg (Bamberg 17 Apr1838-Berchtesgaden 13 Oct 1908). m (Altenburg 22 Apr 1854)LEOPOLDFRIEDRICH Erbherzog von Anhalt-Dessau, son of LEOPOLD FRIEDRICH IHerzog von Anhalt-Dessau & his wife Friederike Pss of Prussia (Dessau 29Apr 1831-Ballenstedt 24 Jan 1904). He succeeded his father in 1871 asFRIEDRICH I Herzog von Anhalt.
c) LUDWIG Prinz von Sachsen-Altenburg (Bamberg 24Sep 1839-Munich 13 Feb 1844).
d) JOHANN Prinz von Sachsen-Altenburg (Sigmaringen8 Jan 1841-Munich 25 Feb 1844).
Eduard & hissecond wife had children:
e) ALBERT Prinz vonSachsen-Altenburg (Munich 14 Apr 1843-SchloßSerrahn 22 May 1902). General of Cavalry in thePrussian and Saxon Armies. Major General in the Russian Imperial Army. m firstly (Berlin 6 May 1885) as her secondhusband,MARIEPss of Prussia, widow ofHENDRIK Prince of the Netherlands,daughter of FRIEDRICH KARL Prince of Prussia & his wife Maria Anna Pss vonAnhalt-Dessau (Potsdam 14 Sep 1855-SchloßAlbrechtsberg, Dresden 20 Jun 1888, bur Altenburg). m secondly (Remplin 13 Dec 1891)HELENE Pss vonMecklenburg-Strelitz, daughter of GEORG Herzog vonMecklenburg-Strelitz & his wife Ekaterina Mikhailovna Grand Duchess ofRussia (St Petersburg 16 Jan 1857-Remplin 28 Aug 1936). Albert & his firstwife had two children:
i) OLGA Pss vonSachsen-Altenburg (Schloß Albrechtsberg 17 Apr1886-Münster 13 Jan 1955). m (Reichen20 May 1913)CARL FRIEDRICH Graf vonPückler-Burghauss Freiherr von Groditz, son of --- (Breslau 7 Oct1886-Cimelice 13 May 1945).
ii) MARIA Pss vonSachsen-Altenburg (Schloß Albrechtsberg 6 Jun1888-Hamburg 12 Nov 1947). m (Altenburg 20 Apr 1911, divorced 4 Mar 1921)HEINRICH XXXV Prinz Reuß, son of --- (Mauer 1 Aug1887-Dresden-Loschwitz 17 Jan 1935). Maria adopted Theodor Franziskus GrafPraschma Freiherr von Bilkau, son of Benedikt Graf Praschma Freiherr von Bilkau& his wife Maria Elisabeth [Marilisa] von Aulock (Breslau 13 Feb 1934-), atBerlin-Halersee 22 Jan 1939 and at Berlin-Charlottenburg 15 Mar 1940. He usesthe name “Prinz von Sachsen-Altenburg”,with the authorisation of Ernst II Herzog von Sachsen-Altenburg.
f) MARIE Pss vonSachsen-Altenburg (Munich 28 Jun 1845-Sondershausen5 Jul 1930). m(Altenburg 12 Jun 1869) KARLGÜNTHER Erbprinz vonSchwarzburg-Sondershausen, son of KARL II Fürst vonSchwarzburg-Sondershausen & his first wife Irene Pss zuSchwarzburg-Rudolstadt (Arnstadt 7 Aug 1830-Weisser Hirsch 28 Mar 1909). He succeededhis father in 1880 asKARL GÜNTHER Fürst vonSchwarzburg-Sondershausen.
GEORG Prinz von Sachsen-Hildburghausen,son ofFRIEDRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen & his wife Charlotte Herzoginvon Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Hildburghausen 24 Jul 1796-Hummelshain 3 Aug1853, bur Altenburg Friedhof). Prinz von Sachsen-Altenburg from 1826. Hesucceeded in 1848 on the abdication of his brother asGEORG Herzog vonSachsen-Altenburg.
m (Ludwigslust 7 Oct 1825)MARIE Herzogin von Mecklenburg-Schwerin,daughter of LUDWIG Erbgroßherzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin & his first wifeHelena Pavlovna Grand Duchess of Russia (Ludwigslust 31 Mar 1803-Meiningen 26Oct 1862, bur Altenburg Friedhof).
Georg & his wife had three children:
1. ERNST Prinz vonSachsen-Altenburg (Hildburghausen 16 Sep1826-Altenburg 7 Feb 1908). He succeeded his fatherin 1853 asERNST I Herzog von Sachsen-Altenburg. General in thePrussian and Saxon Armies. m (Dessau 28Apr 1853)AGNESPss von Anhalt-Dessau, daughter of LEOPOLD FRIEDRICH Herzog vonAnhalt-Dessau & his wife Friederike Pss of Prussia (Dessau 24 Jun1824-Schloß Hummelshain 23 Oct 1897). Ernst I & his wife had twochildren:
a) MARIE Pss vonSachsen-Altenburg (Schloß Eisenberg 2 Aug1854-Schloß Camenz 8 Oct 1898). m (Berlin 19 Apr 1873)ALBRECHT Prince of Prussia,son of ALBRECHT Prince of Prussia & his first wife Marianne Pss of theNetherlands (Berlin 8 May 1837-Schloß Camenz 13 Sep 1906). Regent of the duchyof Braunschweig from 21 Oct 1885 until his death.
b) GEORG Erbprinz von Sachsen-Altenburg (Altenburg1 Feb 1856-Altenburg 29 Feb 1856, bur Altenburg Friedhof).
2. ALBERT Prinz von Sachsen-Altenburg(Hildburghausen 31 Oct 1827-Ludwigslust 28 May 1835, bur Ludwigslust).
3. MORITZ Prinz vonSachsen-Altenburg (Eisenberg 24 Oct 1829-Arco,Italy 13 May 1907). General of Cavalry in thePrussian and Saxon Armies. m (Meiningen15 Oct 1862)AUGUSTE Pssvon Sachsen-Meiningen, daughter of BERNHARD II Herzog vonSachsen-Meiningen & his wife Marie Pss von Hessen-Kassel (Meiningen 6 Aug1843-Altenburg 11 Nov 1919). Moritz & his wife had five children:
a) MARIE ANNA Pss vonSachsen-Altenburg (Altenburg 14 Mar 1864-Bückeburg3 May 1918). m(Altenburg 16 Apt 1882)GEORG Erbprinz vonSchaumburg-Lippe, son of ADOLF GEORG Fürst von Schaumburg-Lippe& his wife Hermine Pss zu Waldeck und Pyrmont (Bückeburg 10 Oct1846-Bückeburg 29 Apr 1911). He succeeded his father in 1893 asGEORG Fürst von Schaumburg-Lippe.
b) ELISABETH Pss vonSachsen-Altenburg (Meiningen 25 Jan 1865-Leipzig 24Mar 1927). At the time of her marriage, she didnot convert to the Orthodox faith, which was contrary to the fundamental lawsof the Russian Imperial family. However, her children were brought upOrthodox. She was later baptised into the Orthodox faith asYELISAVETA Mavrikievna. m (St Petersburg 27 Apr 1884) her second cousin,CONSTANTINConstantinovich Grand Prince of Russia, son of CONSTANTINNikolaievich Grand Duke of Russia & his wife Alexandra Pss vonSachsen-Altenburg (Strelna 22 Aug 1858-Pavlovsk 15 Jun 1915).
c) MARGARETA Pss von Sachsen-Altenburg (Altenburg22 May 1867-Altenburg 17 Jun 1882, bur Altenburg Friedhof).
d) ERNST Prinz vonSachsen-Altenburg (Altenburg 31 Aug 1871-SchloßFröhliche Wiederkunft 22 Mar 1955, bur Trockenhorn, Krähenhütte). He succeeded his uncle in 1908 asERNST IIHerzog von Sachsen-Altenburg. He abdicated 13 Nov 1918. m firstly (Bückeburg 27 Feb 1898, divorced Berlin17 Jan 1920)ADELHEID Pss zu Schaumburg-Lippe,daughter of WILHELM Prinz von Schaumburg-Lippe & his wife Bathildis Pss vonAnhalt-Dessau (Ratibořitz 22 Sep 1875-Ballenstedt 27 Jan 1971, burBallenstedt). m secondly (SchloßFröhliche Wiederkunft 15 Jul 1934)MARIA Triebel,daughter of WILHELM Triebel & his wife Amalie Theresia Creutzburg(Waltershausen, Thuringia 16 Oct 1893-Wolfersdorf 28 Feb 1955, bur Trockenhorn,Krähenhütte). Herzog Ernst married his second wife under the name “Freiherr von Rieseneck” (by authorisation of theMinister of Justice of Thuringia 9 Jul 1934). She therefore bore the titleFreifrau von Rieseneck. Ernst & his firstwife had four children:
i) CHARLOTTE Pss vonSachsen-Altenburg (Potsdam 4 Mar 1899-Hemmelmarkbei Eckernförde 16 Feb 1989). m (Herrenhaus Hemmelmark, near Eckernförde 11 Jul1919)SIGISMUNDPrince of Prussia, son of HEINRICH Prince of Prussia&his wife Irene Pss von Hessen und bei Rhein (Kiel 27 Nov 1896-Puntarenas, CostaRica 14 Nov 1978).
ii) GEORG MORITZ Erbprinz vonSachsen-Altenburg (Potsdam 13 May 1900-Rendsburg 13Feb 1991). He succeeded his father in 1955 as Head of the House vonSachsen-Altenburg.
iii) ELISABETH Pss vonSachsen-Altenburg (Potsdam 6 Apr 1903-Breitholz 30Jan 1991).
iv) FRIEDRICH ERNST Prinz vonSachsen-Altenburg (Potsdam 15 May 1905-Rosenheim 23Feb 1985).
e) LUISE CHARLOTTE Pss vonSachsen-Altenburg (Altenburg 11 Aug 1873-Altenburg14 Apr 1953). m(Altenburg 6 Feb 1895, divorced Dessau 26 Jan 1918) her second cousin,EDUARD Herzog von Anhalt,son of FRIEDRICH I Herzog von Anhalt & his wifve Antoinette Pss vonSachsen-Altenburg (Dessau 18 Apr 1861-Berchtesgaden 13 Sep 1918). He succeededhis brother in 1918 asEDUARD Herzog von Anhalt.
The following reconstruction includes noprimary source references. Posse includes biographical notes of individualpersons, supported by citation references.
JOHANNERNST Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha, son of ERNST I "der Fromme"joint Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha & his wife Elisabeth Sophie Herzogin vonSachsen-Altenburg (Gotha 22 Aug 1658-Saalfeld 17 Feb 1729, bur Saalfeld). He succeeded on the abdication of his father in1674 asJOHANN ERNST jointHerzog von Sachsen-Gotha, jointly withhis brothers. The brothers divided their territories between them byagreements 24 Feb 1680, 8 Jun 1681 and 24 Sep 1681, under which Johann Ernstacquired Saalfeld, Gräfenthal, Probstzella and Lehesten, thereafter being knownasJOHANN ERNST Herzog von Sachsen-Saalfeld. He bought Pössneck in 1682from his brother Friedrich Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha. He acquired Römhild and five-twelfthsof Themar in 1714 from the estates of his brother Heinrich Herzog vonSachsen-Römhild, who had died in 1710.
m firstly (Merseburg 18 Feb 1680)SOPHIE HEDWIG Herzogin vonSachsen-Merseburg, daughter of CHRISTIAN I Herzog vonSachsen-Merseburg & his wife Christiane Herzogin vonSchleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (Merseburg 4 Aug 1660-Saalfeld 2 Aug1686, bur Saalfeld).
m secondly (Maastricht 2/12 Dec 1690)CHARLOTTEJOHANNA Gräfin von Waldeck, daughter of JOSIAS Graf von Waldeck &his wife --- (Arolsen 13 Dec 1664-Hildburghausen 1 Feb 1699, bur Saalfeld).
Johann Ernst & his first wife had five children:
1. CHRISTIANE SOPHIE Herzoginvon Sachsen-Saalfeld (Saalfeld 14 Jun 1681-Saalfeld3 Jun 1697, bur Saalfeld).
2. daughter stillborn (Saalfeld 6 May 1682).
3. CHRISTIAN ERNST Erbherzogvon Sachsen-Saalfeld (Saalfeld 18 Aug 1683-Saalfeld4 Sep 1745, bur Saalfeld). He succeeded hisfather in 1729 asCHRISTIAN ERNSTjointHerzog von Sachsen-Saalfeld,jointly with his half-brother. He acquired Coburg, Rodach, Neustadt an derHaide, Gestungshausen and Mönchroden in 1735, as part of the disputed and muchdelayed inheritance of Albrecht Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg who had died in 1699,after which he was known asHerzog von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld. m (Obergreiz 18 Aug 1724)CHRISTIANE FRIEDERIKE von Koss, daughter ofGÜNTHER CHRISTOPH von Koss [Inspector of Forests/Oberforstmeister at Obergreiz]& his wife Anna Elisabeth von Breitenbauch (Saalfeld 24 Aug 1686-Saalfeld15 May 1743, bur Saalfeld). Ennobled as Fürstin by Imperial Order 1724.
4. CHARLOTTE WILHELMINAHerzogin von Sachsen-Saalfeld (Saalfeld 4 May1685-Hanau 5 Apr 1767, bur Hanau). m (Coburg 26 Dec 1705)PHILIPP REINHARD Graf von Hanau-Lichtenberg, son of ---(-Schloß Philippsruhe 4 Oct 1712, bur Hanau).
5. child stillborn (Saalfeld 2/12 Aug 1686).
Johann Ernst & his second wife had children:
6. WILHELM FRIEDRICH Herzogvon Sachsen-Saalfeld (Arolsen 16/26 Aug1691-Saalfeld 28 Jul 1720, bur Saalfeld).
7. KARL ERNST Herzog vonSachsen-Saalfeld (Saalfeld 12 Sep 1692-Cremona 30Dec 1720, bur Saalfeld). Herr zu Lienden ter Lede en Oudwaard.
8. SOPHIE WILHELMINA Herzoginvon Sachsen-Saalfeld (Saalfeld 9/19 Aug1693-Rudolstadt 4 Dec 1727, bur Schwarzburg). m (Saalfeld 8 Feb 1720)FRIEDRICH ANTON Fürst vonSchwarzburg-Rudolstadt, son of --- (1692-Rudolstadt 1 Sep 1744, burSchwarzburg).
9. HENRIETTE ALBERTINE Herzogin vonSachsen-Saalfeld (Saalfeld 8 Jul 1694-Saalfeld 1 Apr 1695, bur Saalfeld).
10. LUISE EMILIE Herzogin vonSachsen-Saalfeld (Saalfeld 24 Aug 1695-Coburg 21Aug 1713, bur Saalfeld).
11. CHARLOTTE Herzogin von Sachsen-Saalfeld(Saalfeld 30 Oct 1696-Saalfeld 2 Nov 1696, bur Saalfeld).
12. FRANZ JOSIAS Herzog vonSachsen-Saalfeld (Saalfeld 25 Sep 1697-Rodach 16Sep 1764, bur Coburg St Moritz). He succeededhis brother in 1720 as Herr zu Lienden ter Lede en Oudwaard, until 1733. Hesucceeded his father in 1729 asFRANZ JOSIAS Herzog von Sachsen-Saalfeld,jointly with his half-brother. He acquired Coburg, Rodach, Neustadt an derHaide, Gestungshausen and Mönchroden in 1735, as part of the disputed and muchdelayed inheritance of Albrecht Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg who had died in 1699,after which he was known asHerzog von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld. Heruled solely after the death of his half-brother in 1745. m (Rudolstadt 2 Jan 1723)ANNA SOPHIE Pss von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,daughter of LUDWIG FRIEDRICH I Fürst von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt & his wife--- (Rathsfeld 9 Sep 1700-Schloß Römhild 11 Dec 1780, bur Coburg St Moritz). FranzJosias & his wife had eight children:
a) ERNST FRIEDRICH Herzog vonSachsen-Saalfeld (Saalfeld 8 Mar 1724-Coburg 8 Sep1800, bur Coburg St Moritz). Herzog vonSachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld from 1735. He succeeded his father in 1764 asERNSTFRIEDRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld.
- see below.
b) JOHANN WILHELM Herzog vonSachsen-Saalfeld (Coburg 11 May 1726-killed inbattle Hohenfriedberg, near Striegau, Silesia 4 Jun 1745). Herzog vonSachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld from 1735.
c) ANNA SOPHIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Saalfeld(Coburg 3 Sep 1727-Coburg 10 Nov 1728, bur Coburg).
d) CHRISTIAN FRANZ Herzog vonSachsen-Saalfeld (Coburg 25 Jan 1730-Coburg 18 Sep1797, bur Coburg). Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld from 1735.
e) CHARLOTTE SOPHIE Herzoginvon Sachsen-Saalfeld (Coburg 24 Sep 1731-Schwerin 2Aug 1810, bur SchwerinNikolaikirche). Herzogin vonSachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld from 1735. m(by proxy Coburg 25 Apr 1755, in person Schwerin 13 May 1755)LUDWIG Herzog vonMecklenburg-Schwerin, son ofCHRISTIANLUDWIG II Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin & hiswife Gustave Karoline Herzogin von Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Grabow 6 Aug1725-Schwerin 12 Sep 1778, bur Schwerin Nikolaikirche).
f) FRIEDERIKE MAGDALENE Herzogin vonSachsen-Saalfeld (Coburg 21 Aug 1733-Coburg 29 Mar 1734, bur Coburg).
g) FRIEDERIKE KAROLINE Herzogvon Sachsen-Saalfeld (Coburg 24 Jun 1735-SchloßSchwaningen 18 Feb 1791). Herzogin vonSachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld from 1735. m(Coburg 22 Nov 1754) as his first wife,CHRISTIANFRIEDRICH KARL ALEXANDER Erbmarkgraf von Brandenburg-Ansbach,son of KARL WILHELM FRIEDRICH "der tolle Markgraf" Markgraf vonBrandenburg in Ansbach & his wife Friederike Luise Pss of Prussia (Ansbach24 Feb 1736-Denham Valence, Berkshire 5 Jan 1806, bur Denham Valence). Hesucceeded in 1757 asCHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH KARLALEXANDERMarkgraf von Brandenburg-Ansbach,and in 1769 asMarkgraf von Brandenburg-Bayreuth.
h) FRIEDRICH JOSIAS Herzogvon Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld (Schloß Ehrenburg,Coburg 26 Dec 1737- Schloß Ehrenburg, Coburg 26 Feb 1815, bur Coburg StMoritz). General Field Marshal in the Imperial army. m (Coburg before 24 Dec 1789)THERESE Stroffeck, daughter of --- [Master ofForests in Bohemia] & his wife --- (-after 1815).
- FREIHERREN von ROHMANN.
13. HENRIETTE ALBERTINEHerzogin von Sachsen-Saalfeld (Saalfeld 20 Nov1698-Coburg 5 Feb 1728, bur Saalfeld).
ERNSTFRIEDRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Saalfeld, son of FRANZ JOSIAS Herzog vonSachsen-Saalfeld & his wife Anna Sophie Pss von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt(Saalfeld 8 Mar 1724-Coburg 8 Sep 1800, bur Coburg St Moritz). Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld from1735. He succeeded his father in 1764 asERNST FRIEDRICH Herzog vonSachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld.
m (Wolfenbüttel 23 Apr 1749)SOPHIE ANTONIE Pss vonBraunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, daughter of FERDINAND ALBRECHT IIHerzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel & his wife Antoinette Amalie Pss vonBraunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 23 Jan 1724-Coburg 17 May 1802, burCoburg St Moritz).
Ernst Friedrich & his wife had sevenchildren:
1. FRANZ FRIEDRICH ANTONHerzog von Sachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Coburg 15 Jul1750-Coburg 9 Dec 1806, bur Coburg Mausoleum). He succeeded his father in 1800 asFRANZHerzog von Sachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg.
- see below.
2. KARL Herzog von Sachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Coburg21 Nov 1751-Coburg 16 Feb 1757, bur Coburg St Moritz).
3. FRIEDERIKE JULIANE Herzogin vonSachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Coburg 14 Sep 1752-Coburg 24 Sep 1752, bur Coburg StMoritz).
4. KAROLINE ULRIKE AMALIEHerzogin von Sachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Coburg 19 Oct1753-Coburg 1 Oct 1829, bur Coburg St Moritz). Canoness at Gandersheim 1768,Deaconess 1795/1810. Deaconess at Coburg 1802.
5. LUDWIG KARL FRIEDRICHHerzog von Sachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Coburg 2 Jan1755-Coburg 4/5 Jul 1806, bur Coburg St Moritz). General Field MarshalLieutenant in the Imperial army. Mistress (1):---Brutel de la Rivière, daughter of---. Ludwig Karl Friedrich had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):
a) LUDWIGFRIEDRICH EMIL von Coburg(Hildburghausen 1779-Coburg 1827). m(Coburg 1817)THEKLA Gräfin Vitzthum von Eckstädt,daughter of --- (Dresden 1799-Rothspalk bei Langhagen 1880).
- FREIHERREN von COBURG.
6. HEINRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg(Coburg 12 Apr 1756-Coburg 8 Jul 1758, bur Coburg St Moritz).
7. FRIEDRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg(Coburg 4 Mar 1758-Coburg 26 Jun 1758, bur Coburg St Moritz).
FRANZ FRIEDRICH ANTON Herzog vonSachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg, son of (Coburg 15 Jul1750-Coburg 9 Dec 1806, bur Coburg Mausoleum). He succeeded his father in 1800 as FRANZHerzog von Sachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg.
m firstly (Hildburghausen 6 Mar 1776)SOPHIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Hildburghausen,daughter of ERNST FRIEDRICH III Herzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen & histhird wife Ernestina Auguste Sophie Herzogin von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach(Hildburghausen 22 Feb 1760-Coburg 28 Oct 1776, bur Coburg St Moritz).
m secondly (Ebersdorf 13 Jun 1777)AUGUSTA GräfinReuß zu Ebersdorf, daughter of HEINRICH XXIV Graf Reuß zu Ebersdorf& his wife Karoline Ernestine Graf zu Erbach-Schönberg (Ebersdorf 19 Jan1757-Coburg 16 Nov 1831, bur Coburg Mausoleum).
Franz & his second wife had ninechildren:
1. SOPHIE Herzogin vonSachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Coburg 19 Aug1778-Tučimice, Bohemia 8/9 Jul 1835, bur Preitenstein). m (Coburg 23 Feb 1804)EMANUEL von Mensdorff-Pouilly, son of --- (Nancy 24 Jan1777-Vienna 28 Jun 1852, bur Preitenstein). His family left France during theRevolution and entered the service of the Emperor. Created Graf vonMensdorff-Pouilly by Austrian decree at Vienna 29 Nov 1818. General of Cavalryin the Austrian Imperial Army.
2. ANTOINETTE Herzogin vonSachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Coburg 28 Aug 1779-StPetersburg 14 Mar 1824, bur Gotha Schloß Friedenstein). m(Coburg 17 Nov 1798)ALEXANDER Herzog von Württemberg,son of FRIEDRICH EUGEN Herzog von Württemberg & his wife Friederike SophieDorothea Markgräfin von Brandenburg-Schwedt (Montbéliard 24 Apr 1771-Gotha 4Jul 1833, bur Gotha Schloß Friedenstein).
3. JULIANE Herzogin vonSachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Coburg 23 Sep1781-Elfenau, near Bern 15 Aug 1860, bur Bern). Baptised into the Orthodox faith as Anna Feodorovna. She left Russia end-Jul1801. From 1813, she lived at Elfenau bei Bern, Switzerland, and at Châteletde la Boissière near Geneva. m (StPetersburg 26 Feb 1796, divorced 20 Mar 1820) as his first wife,CONSTANTINPavlovich Grand Duke of Russia, son of PAUL Emperor of Russia& his second wife Maria Feodorovna née Sophie Dorothea Herzogin vonWürttemberg (Tsarskoie Selo 8 May 1779-Vitebsk 27 Jun 1831, bur StPetersburg).
4. ERNST Herzog vonSachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Coburg 2 Jan 1784-Gotha 29Jan 1844, bur Coburg Neues Mausoleum). Hesucceeded his father 1806 asERNST I Herzog von Sachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg. Under the Treaty of 12 Nov 1826, he renounced the Principality of Saalfeld toSachsen-Meiningen, and received the Dukedom of Gotha, becomingHerzog vonSachsen-Coburg und Gotha. m firstly(Gotha 31 Jul 1817, divorced 31 Mar 1826) as her first husband,LUISE Pss vonSachsen-Gotha-Altenburg, daughter of AUGUST Herzog vonSachsen-Gotha-Altenburg & his first wife Luise Charlotte Herzogin vonMecklenburg-Schwerin (Gotha 21 Dec 1800-Paris 30 Aug 1831, bur Coburg NeuesMausoleum). She married secondly(Sankt Wendel 18 Oct1826) as his first wife,Alexander von Hanstein,created Graf von Pölzig by Sachsen-Hildburghausen Order 19 Jul 1826. m secondly (Coburg 23Dec 1832) his niece,MARIE Herzogin von Württemberg,daughter of ALEXANDER Herzog von Württemberg & his wife Antoinette Hgn vonSachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Coburg 17 Sep 1799-Gotha 24 Sep 1860, bur Coburg NeuesMausoleum). Ernst & his first wife had two children:
a) ERNST Herzog vonSachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Coburg21 Jun 1818-Reinhardsbrunn 22 Aug 1893, bur Coburg Neues Mausoleum). Erbprinz von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha from1826. He succeeded his father 1844 asERNST II Herzog von Sachsen-Coburgund Gotha. m (Karlsruhe 3 May 1842)ALEXANDRINEPss von Baden, daughter of LEOPOLD I Großherzog von Baden & hiswife Sophie Pss of Sweden (Karlsruhe 6 Dec 1820-Schloß Callenberg bei Coburg 20Dec 1904).
b) ALBERT Herzog vonSachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Schloß Rosenau, Coburg 26Aug 1819-Windsor Castle 14 Dec 1861, bur St George’s Chapel, Windsor, laterFrogmore, Windsor). Prinz von Sachsen-Coburg undGotha from 1826. Created "Royal Highness" 6 Feb 1840 in GreatBritain. Created Prince Consort of Great Britain and Ireland by Letters Patent26 Jun 1857. m (St James's Palace 10Feb 1840) his first cousin,VICTORIA Queen ofGreat Britain and Ireland, daughter of EDWARD Duke of Kent &his wife Viktoria Herzogin von Sachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Kensington Palace 24May 1819-Osborne House, Isle of Wight 22 Jan 1901, bur Frogmore, Windsor). She was declared Empress of India 1 May 1876, and proclaimed as such1 Jan 1877 at Delhi, India.
- KINGS OF GREATBRITAIN and IRELAND (SACHSEN-COBURG-GOTHA, later WINDSOR).
5. FERDINAND Herzog vonSachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Coburg 28 Mar 1785-Vienna27 Aug 1851, bur Coburg Neues Mausoleum). General of Cavalry in the AustrianImperial Army. Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha from 1826. m (Vienna 30 Nov 1815)ANTONIA Pss Kohary, daughter of FRANZ JOSEPH Fürst Kohary& his wife Antonia Gräfin von Waldstein-Wartenberg (Ofen, Budapest 2 Jul1797-Vienna 25 Sep 1862). Ferdinand & his wife had four children:
a) FERDINAND Herzog vonSachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Vienna 29 Oct 1816-Lisbon15 Dec 1885, bur São Vicente de Fóra). Prinz vonSachsen-Coburg und Gotha from 1826. Created King Consort of Portugal 16 Sep1837. Regent of Portugal 19 Dec 1853-16 Sep 1855. mfirstly (by proxy Coburg 1 Jan 1836 in person Lisbon 9 Apr 1836) asher second husband,MARIA II Queen of Portugal,widow ofAUGUSTE Vicomte de Beauharnais Herzog vonLeuchtenberg Fürst von Eichstätt Prince of Portugal, daughter of PEDROIV King of Portugal & his wife Maria Leopoldina Archduchess of Austria (Riode Janeiro 4 Apr 1819-Lisbon 15 Nov 1853, bur São Vicente de Fora, Lisbon). m secondly(morganatically 10 Jun 1869)ELISE FRIEDERIKEHensler, daughter of JOHANN KONRAD Hensler & his wife JosefaHechelbacher (Vienna 22 May 1836-Lisbon 21 May 1929). She was created Gräfinvon Edla 10 Jun 1869 by Ernst II Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha.
- KINGS ofPORTUGAL.
b) AUGUST Herzog vonSachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Vienna 13 Jun 1818-SchloßEbenthal 26 Jul 1881, bur Coburg Mausoleum). Prinzvon Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha from 1826. Major General in the Austrian ImperialArmy. m (Saint Cloud 20 Apr 1843)CLEMENTINE d'Orléans,daughter of LOUIS PHILIPPE King of the French & his wife donna Maria Ameliadi Borbone Pss of the Two Sicilies (Neuilly-sur-Seine 3 Jun 1817-Vienna 16 Feb1907). August & his wife had five children:
i) PHILIPP Prinz vonSachsen-Coburg und Gotha (Paris 28 Mar 1844-Coburg3 Jul 1921). General of Cavalry in the AustrianImperial and Bulgarian Armies. m(Brussels 4 Feb 1875, divorced Gotha 15 Jan 1906)LOUISE Pss of Belgium,daughter of LEOPOLD II King of the Belgians & his first wife MarieHenriette Archduchess of Austria (Brussels 18 Feb 1858-Wiesbaden 1 Mar 1924). Philipp& his wife had two children:
(1) LEOPOLD Prinz vonSachsen-Coburg und Gotha (Szent-Antal, Hungary 19Jul 1878-Vienna 27 Apr 1916).
(2) DOROTHEA Pss vonSachsen-Coburg und Gotha (Vienna 30 Apr 1881-Taxis,Württemberg 21 Jan 1967). m (Coburg 2 Aug 1898)ERNST GÜNTHER Herzog vonSchleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, son of FRIEDRICH Herzog vonSchleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg & his wife Adelheid Pss zuHohenlohe-Langenburg (Dolzig 11 Aug 1863-Primkenau 22 Feb 1921).
ii) AUGUST Prinz vonSachsen-Coburg und Gotha (Château d'Eu 8 Aug1845-Karlsbad 14 Sep 1907). Admiral in theBrazilian Imperial Navy. m (Rio de Janeiro 15Dec 1864)donaLEOPOLDINA de Bragança e Bourbon Princesa do Brasil, daughter ofPEDRO II Emperor of Brazil & his wife donna Teresa di Borbone Pss of theTwo Sicilies (Rio de Janeiro 13 Jul 1847-Vienna 7 Feb 1871). August & hiswife had four children:
(1) PETER Prinz vonSachsen-Coburg und Gotha (Rio de Janeiro 19 Mar1866-Vienna 6 Jul 1934).
(2) AUGUST LEOPOLD Prinz vonSachsen-Coburg und Gotha (Rio de Janeiro 6 Dec1867-Schladming 11 Oct 1922). m (Vienna 30 May 1894)CAROLINAArchduchess of Austria Pss of Tuscany, daughter of KARL SALVATORArchduke of Austria Prince of Tuscany & his wife donna Maria Immacolata diBorbone Pss of the Two Sicilies (Alt-Münster 5 Sep 1869-Budapest 12 May 1945,bur Budapest).
- PRINZEN von SACHSEN-COBURG und GOTHA.
(3) JOSEPH Prinz vonSachsen-Coburg und Gotha (Petropolis, near Rio deJaneiro 21 May 1869-Vienna 13 Aug 1888).
(4) LUDWIG Prinz vonSachsen-Coburg und Gotha (Ebenthal 15 Sep1870-Innsbruck 23 Jan 1942). m firstly (Munich 1 May 1900)MATHILDE Pss ofBavaria, daughter of LUDWIG Prince of Bavaria [later LUDWIG IIIKing of Bavaria] & his wife Maria Theresia Archduchess of Austria-Este (Villa Amsee, near Lindau 17 Aug 1877-Davos 6 Aug 1906, bur Rieden). m secondly(Bischofteinitz 30 Nov 1907)ANNA Gräfin von und zuTrauttmansdorff-Weinsberg, daughter of KARL Fürst von und zuTrauttmansdorff-Weinsburg & his wife Josephine Markgräfin von Pallavicini(Ober-Waltersdorf 27 May 1873-Coburg 24 Jul 1948).
- PRINZEN von SACHSEN-COBURG und GOTHA.
iii) KLOTHILDE Pss vonSachsen-Coburg und Gotha (Neuilly-sur-Seine8 Jul 1846-Alcsút 3 Jun 1927, bur Budapest). m (Coburg12 May 1864)JOSEPHArchduke of Austria, son of JOSEPH ANTON Archduke of AustriaPalatine of Hungary & his third wife Maria Dorothea Herzogin vonWürttemberg (Preßburg 2 Mar 1833-Fiume 13 Jun 1905, bur Budapest).
iv) AMALIE Pss vonSachsen-Coburg und Gotha (Coburg 23 Oct 1848-SchloßBiederstein, Munich 6 May 1894). m (Ebenthal 20 Sep 1875)MAXIMILIAN EMANUEL Herzog inBayern, son of MAXIMILIAN Herzog in Bayern & his wife LudovicaPss of Bavaria (Munich 7 Dec 1849-Feldafing 12 Jun 1893).
v) FERDINAND Prinz vonSachsen-Coburg und Gotha (Munich7 Dec 1849-Feldafing 12 Jun 1893, bur Ebenthal). ElectedPrince ofBulgaria 7 Jul 1887. He proclaimed himselfKing [Tsar]of the Bulgarians 5 Oct 1908. Heabdicated in favour of his eldest son 3 Oct 1918.
- PRINCE ofBULGARIA 1887-1808, KINGS of BULGARIA 1908-1946.
c) VIKTORIA Pss vonSachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Vienna 14 Feb1822-Claremont House 10 Nov 1857). Pss vonSachsen-Coburg und Gotha from 1826. m(Saint Cloud 26 Apr 1840)LOUIS d'Orléans Duc de Nemours,son of LOUIS PHILIPPE King of the French & his wife donna Maria Amalia diBorbone Pss of the Two Sicilies (Paris 25 Oct 1814-Versailles 26 Jun 1896).
d) LEOPOLD Prinz vonSachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Vienna 31 Jan 1824-Vienna20 May 1884, bur Coburg Mausoleum). Prinz von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha from1826. m (morganatically, Vienna 23 Apr1861)CONSTANZE Geiger, daughter ofJOSEPH Geiger & his wife Therese Rziha (Vienna 16 Oct 1835-Hotel Royal, rueAgnado, Dieppe 24 Aug 1890, bur Paris cimetière de Montmartre). CreatedFreifrau von Ruttenstein by Decree in Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha 24 Jul 1862. Leopold & his wife had one child:
i) FRANZ Geiger (Vienna 12 Oct 1860-Friedrichroda 29 Aug 1899). Legitimated by hisparents subsequent marriage. Freiherr von Ruttenstein by Decree inSachsen-Coburg und Gotha 24 Jul 1862.
6. VIKTORIA Herzogin vonSachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Coburg 17 Aug1786-Frogmore House, Windsor 16 Mar 1861, bur St George’s Chapel, Windsor). m firstly(Coburg 21 Dec 1803) as his second wife,EMICH CARLErbprinz zu Leiningen, son of CARL FRIEDRICH WILHELM Fürst zuLeiningen & his wife Christiane Wilhelmine Gräfin zu Solms-Rödelheim undAssenheim (Dürckheim 27 Sep 1763-Amorbach 4 Jul 1814, bur Amorbach). Hesucceeded his father in 1807 as Fürst zu Leiningen. m secondly (by proxy Coburg 29 May 1818, in person Kew Palace11 Jul 1818)EDWARD Duke of Kent,son of GEORGE III King of Great Britain & his wife Charlotte Herzogin vonMecklenburg-Strelitz(Buckingham House 2 Nov1767-Woodbrook Cottage, Sidmouth, Devon 23 Jan 1820, bur St George’s ChapelWindsor).
7. MARIANNE Herzogin von Sachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg(Coburg 7 Aug 1788-Coburg 23 Aug 1794).
8. LEOPOLD Herzog vonSachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg (Coburg 16 Dec 1790-Laeken10 Dec 1865). On 4 Jun 1831, he was electedLEOPOLD I King of the Belgians.
- KINGS of BELGIUM.
9. MAXIMILIAN Herzog von Sachsen-Saalfeld-Coburg(Coburg 12 Dec 1792-Coburg 3 Jan 1793).
Ernst II Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg undGotha was succeeded in 1893 by his nephewAlfred Duke ofEdinburgh, second son of Ernst’s brotherAlbert and his wife Queen Victoria. When Alfred died in 1900, survived only byhis daughters, he was succeeded by his nephew Charles Edward Duke of Albany whois shown below. .
CHARLES EDWARDPrince of Great Britain and Ireland, sonof LEOPOLD Duke of Albany & his wife Helene Pss zu Waldeck undPyrmont (posthumously Claremont House 19 Jul 1884-Coburg 6 Mar 1954). He succeeded at birth as Duke of Albany. Hesucceeded his paternal uncle in 1900 asCARL EDUARD Herzog vonSachsen-Coburg und Gotha. He supported the Germans during the First WorldWar. As a consequence, he was struck off the list of Knights of the Garter in1915. He abdicated 14 Nov 1918. He and his family were deprived of theirBritish titles by order of King George V in Council 28 Mar 1919.
m (Coburg 11 Oct 1905)VIKTORIA ADELHEID Pssvon Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, daughter ofFRIEDRICH FERDINAND Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg &his wife Caroline Mathilde Pss von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg(Grünholz 31 Dec 1885-Coburg 5 Oct 1970).
Carl Eduard & his wife had fivechildren:
1. JOHANN LEOPOLD Erbprinzvon Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (Schloß Callenberg 2Aug 1906-Grein, Austria 4 May 1972). m firstly(morganatically, Niedersedlitz (civ) 9 Mar 1932, Dresden (rel) 14 Mar 1932,divorced Amberg 27 Feb 1962) as her second husband,FEODOREFreiin von der Horst, divorced wife ofWOLFSIGISMUND Freiherr Pergler von Perglas, daughter of BERNHARDFreiherr von der Horst & his wife Elsa Gürtler (Wolka 7 Jul1905-Schrobenhausen 23 Oct 1991). m secondly(morganatically, Bad Reichenhall (civ) 3 May 1962, (rel) 5 May 1962) as hersecond husband,MARIA THERESIA Reindl,divorced wife ofWERNER Müller, daughterof MAX Reindl & his wife Elisabeth Ortner (Bad Reichenhall 13 Mar1908-Grein, Austria 7 Apr 1996). Johann Leopold & his first wife had threechildren:
- PRINZENvon SACHSEN-COBURG und GOTHA.
2. SIBYLLE Pss vonSachsen-Coburg und Gotha (Schloß Friedenstein 18Jan 1907-Stockholm 28 Nov 1972). m (Coburg 20 Oct 1932)GUSTAF ADOLF Prince of Sweden Duke ofVästerbotten, son of GUSTAF ADOLF Crown Prince of Sweden [later GUSTAFVI ADOLF King of Sweden] & his first wife Margaret Pss of Great Britain(Stockholm 22 Apr 1906-killed in an air crash at Kastrup, Denmark 26 Jan 1947).
3. HUBERTUS Prinz vonSachsen-Coburg und Gotha (Schloß Reinhardsbrunn 24Aug 1909-killed in action near Mostej, Russia 26 Nov 1943).
4. CAROLINE MATHILDE Pss vonSachsen-Coburg und Gotha (Schloß Callenberg 22 Jun1912-Erlangen 5 Sep 1983). m firstly (Coburg 14 Dec 1931, divorced Berlin 2May 1938) as his first wife,FRIEDRICH WOLFGANGGraf zu Castell-Rüdenhausen, son of HUGO Graf zu Castell-Rüdenhausen& his wife Clementine Gräfin zu Solms-Sonnenwalde (Berlin 27 Jun1906-killed in action over Portland, Dorset 11 Jun 1940). m secondly (Berlin 22 Jun 1938)MAX Schnirring, son of ---(Stuttgart-Untertürkheim 20 May 1895-killed in air crash at Stralsund 7 Jul1944). Captain in the Luftwaffe. m thirdly(Coburg 21 Dec 1948, divorced Coburg 27 Dec 1949)KARLOTTO Andrée, son of --- (Düsseldorf 10 Feb 1912-Mönchengladbach 16Nov 1984).
5. FRIEDRICH JOSIAS Prinz vonSachsen-Coburg und Gotha (Schloß Callenberg 29 Nov1918-Grein-an-der-Donau 23 Jan 1998). Hesucceeded his father 1954 as Head of the House von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha. m firstly (Casel 25 Jan 1942, divorced Coburg 19Sep 1946) as her first husband,VIKTORIA LUISEGräfin zu Solms-Baruth, daughter of JOHANN Graf zu Solms-Baruth& his wife Caroline Mathilde Pss vonSchleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (Casel 13 Mar 1921-). She marriedsecondly (Steinwänd, near Salzburg 6 Nov 1947)RichardWhitten (Indianapolis, Indiana 9 May 1910-). Major in the US Army. m secondly (San Francisco 14 Feb 1948,divorced Hamburg 17 Sep 1964) as her first husband,DENYSEHENRIETTE von Muralt, daughter of GASTON ROBERT von Muralt & hiswife Pierrette Gabrielle Maurice (Basel 14 Dec 1923-). She married secondly(Flims, Graubünden 8 Dec 1983)Werner Leuch(-20 Mar 1984). m thirdly(morganatically, Hamburg 30 Oct 1964)KATRIN Bremme,daughter of DIETRICH CARL Bremme & his wife Margareta Spottke (Berlin 22Apr 1940-). Friedrich Josias had one child by his first wife and three by hissecond:
- PRINZENvon SACHSEN-COBURG und GOTHA.