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zi

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Appendix:Variations of "zi"

Albanian

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈzi/
Rhymes:-i

Etymology 1

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First attested in the 17th century in this form, already 16th in its now obsolete feminine forme zeshkë(“black”). The pluraltë zinj is recent, built on analogy of other masculine nouns ending in stressed/-ˈi/, and supplanted the earliertë zez. The irregular paradigm may reflecte zezë f sg <*gʷed(ʰ)yā,të zez m pl <*gʷed(ʰ)yoi,zi f(“mourning”,noun) <*gʷed(ʰ)íyā.

Has been compared to Proto-West Germanic*kwād(“filth; evil”),Lithuaniangė́da(“shame”),Proto-Slavic*gàdъ(“reptile”). Also seeLithuaniangẽdulas,geda(“mourning”). Traditionally also linked toLithuanianži̇̀las(“grey”). Comparison withLithuanianjúodas(“black”) is difficult to reconcile phonetically.

Alternative forms

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(masculine plural)
- të zij —dialectal
- të zez,të zes,të zezë —dated
- të zesë —Arbëresh

Adjective

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i zi (femininee zezë,masculine pluraltë zinj,feminine pluraltë zeza)

black(of colour)
Antonym:i bardhë
dark, as opposed to alighter colour
bukëe zezë ―black bread
dirty(of water); built for dirty water
ujëratë zeza ―dirty water
kanaletë zeza ―dirty water canals
unfortunate,wretched;desolate,gloomy
Synonyms:i mjerë,i mjeruar,i mjerueshëm,i shkretë,i rëndë,i errët
evil,bad
Synonym:i keq
zemëre zezë ―black heart

Noun

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i zi m (pluraltë zinj, definitei ziu, definite pluraltë zinjtë)

black person
Synonym:(derogative)zezak
unfortunate,wretched,desolate person
Synonyms:fatkeq,i mjerë,i shkretë
(chess)black(player with the black chess pieces)

Noun

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të zi n (definitetë zitë)(uncountable)

black(colour),blackness
Synonym:e zezë
mourning(sorrow; clothes)
gloom,gloominess
Synonym:zymtësi
greattrouble,suffering
Synonyms:e keqe,vuajtje
Used to reinforce interrogative and exclamative sentences.
Synonym:të shkretën

Adverb

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inblack
e ngjeuzi ―it turnedblack
verybadly,wrongly,unkindly
Synonym:keq

Derived terms

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compounds

References

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“zi,~të (të)”, “zi”, “zi (i)”, “zi,~u (i)”, inFGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎^[1],1980, page2241ab
Mann,S. E. (1948) “zi”, inAn Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page581b
Tagliavini, Carlo (1937) “zi”, inL'albanese di Dalmazia. […] (in Italian), Florence: Leo S. Olschki, page293
Leotti, Angelo (1916) “zī”, inL'albanese parlato (in Italian), Milan: U. Hoepli,page190
Weigand, Gustav (1914) “zī”, inAlbanesisch–deutsches und deutsch–albanesisches Wörterbuch (in German), Leipzig: J. A. Barth,page105a
Kristoforidhi, Kostandin (1904) “ζῑ-α”, inΛεξικὸν τῆς Ἀλβανικῆς γλώσσης [Lexikòn tês Albanikês glṓssēs] (in Greek), Athens,page121
Jungg,G. (1895) “ɛii, ɛeɛ”, inFialuur i voghel sccȣp e ltinisct [Small Albanian–Italian dictionary],page151a
Meyer,G. (1891) “zī”, inEtymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the Albanian Language] (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner,→DOI,page484
Rossi,F. (1875) “ɛii”, inVocabolario della lingua epirotica–italiana (in Italian),page1389ab
Bardhi, Frang (1635)Dictionarium Latino Epiroticum (overall work in Latin and Albanian),page63: “niger — iɛij”
Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997) “zi (i)”, inAlbanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[2] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page427
Çabej,E. (2006) “zī”, inStudime etimologjike në fushë të shqipes (in Albanian), volumes VII: S–Zh, Tirana, page297f.
Demiraj, Bardhylet al. (2021) “zi (i)”, inDPEWA. Digitales Philologisch-Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altalbanischen [DPEWA. Digital Philological-Etymological Dictionary of Old Albanian]
Huld, Martin E. (1984) “i zi, e zezë”, inBasic Albanian Etymologies, Columbus: Slavica Publishers,→ISBN, page134f.
Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “zi”, inAlbanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill,→ISBN, page524

Etymology 2

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First attested in the 16th century. Earlynominalisation of the adjective above, see there for more.

Noun

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zi f (definitezia)(uncountable)

mourning(sorrow for someone's death)
bëjzi për ―tomourn
- 1555,Gjon Buzuku,Meshari, page47v, lines88–89:
  e chξeh{v}ine tane, endeh ћaɛe-//mend
  [e kthezinë tanë ëndë gazëmend]
  and turn ourmourning into joy
mourning(clothes)
greatmisfortune
Synonyms:mynxyrë,fatkeqësi
famine,dearth, esp.scarcity ofbread
zi buke ―breadfamine
greatgreed for something, esp.food
Synonyms:babëzi,lakmi

Derived terms

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References

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“zi,~a”, inFGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎^[3],1980, page2240f.
Mann,S. E. (1948) “zí”, inAn Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page581b
Leotti, Angelo (1916) “zī”, inL'albanese parlato (in Italian), Milan: U. Hoepli,page190
Weigand, Gustav (1914) “zī”, inAlbanesisch–deutsches und deutsch–albanesisches Wörterbuch (in German), Leipzig: J. A. Barth,page105a
Kristoforidhi, Kostandin (1904) “ζῑ-α”, inΛεξικὸν τῆς Ἀλβανικῆς γλώσσης [Lexikòn tês Albanikês glṓssēs] (in Greek), Athens,page121
Jungg,G. (1895) “ɛii, a”, inFialuur i voghel sccȣp e ltinisct [Small Albanian–Italian dictionary],page151a
Demiraj, Bardhylet al. (2021) “zí -a”, inDPEWA. Digitales Philologisch-Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altalbanischen [DPEWA. Digital Philological-Etymological Dictionary of Old Albanian]

Basque

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /s̻i/[s̻i]

IPA^(key): (most dialects)/s̻i/[s̻i]
IPA^(key): (Biscayan)/s̺i/[s̺i]

Rhymes:-i
Hyphenation:zi

Declension ofzi(inanimate, ending in vowel)
	indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive	zi	zia	ziak
ergative	zik	ziak	ziek
dative	ziri	ziari	ziei
genitive	ziren	ziaren	zien
comitative	zirekin	ziarekin	ziekin
causative	zirengatik	ziarengatik	ziengatik
benefactive	zirentzat	ziarentzat	zientzat
instrumental	ziz	ziaz	ziez
inessive	zitan	zian	zietan
locative	zitako	ziko	zietako
allative	zitara	zira	zietara
terminative	zitaraino	ziraino	zietaraino
directive	zitarantz	zirantz	zietarantz
destinative	zitarako	zirako	zietarako
ablative	zitatik	zitik	zietatik
partitive	zirik	—	—
prolative	zitzat	—	—

Etymology 2

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Noun

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zi inan

(Biscayan)Alternative form ofihi(“reed”)

Cimbrian

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Alternative forms

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si(Luserna)
ze

Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germansi(e), fromOld High Germansiu, fromProto-Germanic*sī, nominative singular feminine of*iz. Cognate withGermansie,Dutchzij,Gothic𐍃𐌹(si).

Pronoun

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(Sette Comuni)she,her

Inflection

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Cimbrian personal pronouns
		nominative	accusative	dative
1st person singular		ich	mich	miar
2nd person singular	familiar	du	dich	diar
2nd person singular	polite	iart	ach	òich
3rd person singular	m	èar,ar	in,en	iime
	f	zi,ze		iar
	n	es,is	es,'s	iime
1st person plural		bar, bandare	zich	izàndarn
2nd person plural		iart, iartàndare,artàndare	òich,ach	ogàndarn
3rd person plural		ze,zòi, zandare	zich	innàndarn

References

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“zi” inMartalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974)Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Ewe

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Noun

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deer

Haeke

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Etymology

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FromProto-Oceanic*kutu, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*kutu, fromProto-Austronesian*kuCu.

Noun

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louse

References

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Jim Hollyman,K. J. Hollyman,Études sur les langues du Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie,page 52, 1999

Hausa

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /zîː/
- (Standard Kano Hausa)IPA^(key): [zîː]

Noun

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zî m (possessed formzîn)

(card games)diamonds

Japanese

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Romanization

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Thekatakana syllableズィ(zi) inHepburn-like romanization.
(dated)Rōmaji transcription ofじ
(dated)Rōmaji transcription ofジ

Kwama

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Noun

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References

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Goldberg, Justin, Asadik, Habte, Bekama, Jiregna, Mengistu, Mulat (2016)Gwama – English Dictionary‎^[4], SIL International

Mandarin

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Romanization

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zi (zi⁵ /zi⁰,Zhuyin˙ㄗ)

Hanyu Pinyin reading of子

Nonstandard spelling ofzī.
Nonstandard spelling ofzí.
Nonstandard spelling ofzǐ.
Nonstandard spelling ofzì.

Usage notes

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Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle Dutch

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Verb

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Alternative spelling ofsi;first/third-personsingular present subjunctive ofwēsen

Romanian

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Alternative forms

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d̦i —obsolete
d̦iua —obsolete
ziuă
зи(zi) —Moldovan Cyrillic spelling

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈzi/
Audio: (file)

Etymology 1

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Inherited fromClassical Latindiēs(“day”), back-formed from the accusativediem (whose vowele was once long), fromProto-Italic*djēm, the accusative of*djous, fromProto-Indo-European*dyḗws(“heaven, sky”). May have been inherited from an intermediate Vulgar Latin*dilla, hence why the definite formziua, but due to -ua dropping in indefinite forms, the indefinite form becamezi. CompareSpanishdía, archaicItaliandì, archaicFrenchdi.

Noun

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zi f (pluralzile)

day
Antonym:noapte

Declension

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Declension ofzi
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
	singular		plural
nominative-accusative	zi	ziua	zile	zilele
genitive-dative	zile	zilei	zile	zilelor
vocative	ziuo		zilelor

Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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Inherited fromLatindīc, the 2nd person singular imperative ofLatindīco, with the final -c being dropped as part of a loss of all final consonants in Proto-Romanian. CompareItaliandì, which also went through the same sound shift.

Verb

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second-person singular imperative ofzice

Sassarese

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Alternative forms

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z'(apocopic, before a vowel)

Etymology

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Akin toItalianci, see there for more.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /tsi/

Pronoun

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(accusative)us
Babbuzi portha a Sàssari
Dad is takingus to Sassari
- c.19^th century, anonymous author, “[untitled song]”, inGiovanni Spano, editor,Canti popolari in dialetto sassarese‎^[5], volume 1 (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Cagliari, published1873,song 24,page107:
  Alburea, Alburea
  E li so’ suldaddi
  z’hani libaraddi
  Arborea, Arborea and its soldiers have freedus
- 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Primabéra [Spring]”, inLa poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others] (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page13:
  l’antigga primabéra, più cruderi
  di tutti l’isthasgioni
  acchìzi torra a vidda e poiz’ammazza.
  Ancient Spring, [the] cruelest of all seasons, for it takesus back to life, and then killsus.
(dative) tous
Li dozzi nozi piàzini.
We don't like sweets.
(literally, “The sweets are not pleasantto us.”)
- 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Siparazioni [Separation]”, inLa poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others] (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page65:
  […] E lu chizi paria
  incridìbiri, aiallu![…]
  And that whichto us had seemed unbelievable, there it is!

Adverb

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Synonym ofvi(“here,there”)
- c.19^th century, anonymous author, “[untitled song]”, inGiovanni Spano, editor,Canti popolari in dialetto sassarese‎^[6], volume 1 (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Cagliari, published1873,song 35,page124:
  Lu soli di Sant’Anna
  Veni a lu me’ balconi,
  Viniddinni lu me’ fiori
  Abali chi noz’è mamma.
  St. Anne's sun comes to my balcony; come to my flower, now that mom isn'there.