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which

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishwhich,hwic,wilche,hwilch,whilk,hwilc, fromOld Englishhwelċ(which), fromProto-Germanic*hwilīkaz(what kind, literallylike what), derived from*hwaz, equivalent towho +‎like.

Cognates includeScotswhilk(which),West Frisianhokker(which),Dutchwelk(which),Low Germanwelk(which),Germanwelcher(which),Danishhvilken(which),Swedishvilken(which),Norwegianhvilken(which),Icelandichvílíkur(which).

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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which

  1. (nonstandard)And.
    They only offered me five dollars,which I wouldn’t do it for less than fifteen.

Determiner

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which

  1. (interrogative) What, of those mentioned or implied.
    Which song shall we play?
    They couldn't decidewhich song to play.
    Which one is bigger?
    Show mewhich one is bigger.
  2. The/Any ... that;whichever.
    Takewhich one you want.
    You may gowhich way you please.
  3. (relative, formal outside certain phrases)Designates the one(s) previously mentioned.
    • 1860,Alfred Henry Forrester,Fairy footsteps, or, Lessons from legends, with illustr., by Alfred Crowquill,page 166 (Google Books view):
      After glaring upon the smoking philosopher, who took his misfortunes with such positive nonchalance, he growled out an oath in German,which language is particularly adapted for growling in; then, raising his hand, he dealt him a blow on his pipe, which sent it, like a rocket, into the midst of the players.
    • 2015 January 21, Texas Public Radio, “Voices From Death Row: A Prisoner Writes An Ode To ‘Living Dyingly’”, inTexas Public Radio:
      Whitaker’s blog post, housed on a website called Minutes Before Six, goes on to make references to Albert Camus’ 1947 classic, The Plague, dips into a Camus-inspired existential ramble and returns to an attempt to convey the detail of Prieto’s being essentially “noble,”which fact, he admits, will be lost in translation to anyone unfamiliar with death row units.
    • 2015 May 2, Adarsh Matham, “Battle of the Smartphones”, inThe New Indian Express:
      All the phones come in plastic bodies that have been given a brushed-metal finish and carry 64-bit processors from Intel,which fact they proudly announce with an Intel Inside logo on the back.
    He once owned a painting of the house,which painting would later be stolen.
    She only speaks Chinese,which language I can hardly follow.
    For several seconds he sat in silence, duringwhich time the tea and sandwiches arrived.
    I'm thinking of getting a new car, inwhich case I'd get a red one.

Usage notes

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In cases where both "which" and "what" are possible, with similar meaning, "which" is preferred for choices from a closed group or set, while "what" is preferred for open-ended choices. For example, "Which one of these do you want?" not "What one of these do you want?".

Translations

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(interrogative) what, of those mentioned or implied
(relative)designating the one(s) mentioned

Pronoun

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which

  1. (interrogative) What one or ones (of those mentioned or implied).
    Which iswhich?
    By now, you must surely knowwhich iswhich.
    Which is bigger, the red one or the blue one?
    I'm unable to determinewhich is bigger.
    Which's your spouse? -The one in trousers.
    • 2013 August 17, Schumpeter, “In praise of laziness”, inThe Economist, volume408, number8849:
      Which of these banes of modern business life is worse remains open to debate. But what is clear is that office workers are on a treadmill of pointless activity. Managers allow meetings to drag on for hours. Workers generate e-mails because it requires little effort and no thought. An entire management industry exists to spin the treadmill ever faster.
  2. (not in common use) The/Any ones that;whichever.
    Please takewhich you please.
  3. (relative)In anon-restrictive relative clause, referring to something previously mentioned.
    1. Referring to a preceding noun.
      I dropped a saucepan,which knocked over the eggs,which went all over the kitchen floor.
      I found my camera,which I thought I'd lost, under the bed.
      I entered the room, at the far end ofwhich was a small table.
      1. (chiefly archaic)Used of people (now generallywho,whom,that;which remains possible with words also referred to byit such asbaby,child).
        She had a young child,which cried incessantly.
    2. Referring to a preceding statement.
      The front door was open,which concerned me.
      He had to leave,which was very difficult.
      She saved my life, forwhich I am eternally grateful.
      • 2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, inThe Economist, volume408, number8845:
        Plastics are energy-rich substances,which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.
  4. (relative, sometimes proscribed, seeusage notes)In arestrictive relative clause, referring to a noun previously mentioned.
    This is the letterwhich I received.
    This is the letter inwhich he explains his decision.
    1. (chiefly archaic)Used of people.

Usage notes

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  • Some authorities insist that relativewhich be used only in non-restrictive clauses (e.g., “I saw Tom’s car,which was parked outside his house”), or when it is the object of a preposition placed in front of the pronoun (e.g., “These are the thingsabout which we shall talk”, “There were many fish, the biggestof which …”). Non-restrictive clauses are normally set off with a comma or commas. For restrictive clauses (e.g.,The songthat you just mentioned is better than the later ones), they preferthat. ButFowler, who proposed the rule, acknowledged, “It would be idle to pretend that it is the practice either of most or of the best writers.” In modern UK usage,The song which you just mentioned is better than the later ones is generally accepted without question.
  • Whenwhich (or the other relative pronounswho andthat) is used as the subject of a relative clause, the verb agrees with the antecedent of the pronoun. Thus, “the thing which is …”, “the things which are …”, etc.
  • Which is commonly used, sometimes with partitiveof, instead ofwho (the ordinary interrogative pronoun, in the nominative singular or plural) to refer to a person or persons, and corresponding towhat of things. Compare “which of us always useswho for people” and “who among us has never usedwhich for a person”. Neither “who of us” nor “which among us” is idiomatic.

Derived terms

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Translations

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(interrogative) what one or ones
(relative) who, whom, what

Chinese

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Etymology

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FromEnglishwhich(non-restrictive relative clause marker).

Pronunciation

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This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with theIPA then please add some!

Conjunction

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which

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese)which;discourse marker introducing personal assessment or comment of the preceding clause

Related terms

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References

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  • Brian Hok-Shing Chan (2022), “Constructional Borrowing From English in Hong Kong Cantonese”, inFrontiers in Communication, volume 7,→DOI

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Englishhwelċ, fromProto-Germanic*hwilīkaz.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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which

  1. which

Descendants

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References

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Yola

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Pronoun

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which

  1. alternative form ofwich
    • 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page102:
      Which maate mee hearth as coale as leed.
      Which made my heart as cold as lead.

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page102
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