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vous

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Czech

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CzechWikipedia has an article on:

vous

Wikipedia^cs

IPA^(key): [ˈvou̯s]
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation:vous

Noun

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vous m inan (diminutivevousekorvousík)

one ofthreads ofhair which form abeard
beard
Synonym:vousy

Declension

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Declension ofvous (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	vous	vousy
genitive	vousu	vousů
dative	vousu	vousům
accusative	vous	vousy
vocative	vouse	vousy
locative	vousu	vousech
instrumental	vousem	vousy

Derived terms

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adjectives

nouns

French

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Etymology

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Inherited fromMiddle Frenchvous, fromOld Frenchvos,vous, fromLatinvōs, fromProto-Italic*wōs.

See cognates in regional languages in France:Angevin,Bourbonnais-Berrichon,Bourguignon,Champenois,Lorrain,Orléanais, andPoitevin-Saintongeaisvous;Franc-Comtoisvôs;Gallovouz;Norman andFranco-Provençalvos;Picardos;Occitanvosautres (Provençalvousautes);Catalanvosaltres;Corsicanvoi.

Other cognates with the same usage arevoi in Italian as well asвы in Russian.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /vu/,(before a vowel)/vu.z‿/
Audio: (file)
Audio(Switzerland (Valais)): (file)
Audio(France (Toulouse)): (file)
Audio(France (Vosges)): (file)
Audio(France): (file)
Audio(France (Grenoble)): (file)
Audio(France (Vosges)): (file)
Audio(France (Hérault)): (file)
Audio(France (Saint-Étienne)): (file)
Audio(France (Lyon)): (file)
Audio(France (Massy)): (file)
Homophones:voue,vouent,voues
Rhymes:-u

Pronoun

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vous (second-person plural and second-person formal singular,informal singulartu,objectvous,emphaticvous,possessive determinervotre)

thepluralpersonal pronoun in thesecond person:
1. (subject pronoun)you (all).
  Vous allez ―You (all) go.
2. (direct object pronoun)you (all).
  Jevous adore. ―I love you (all).
you, to you(indirect object pronoun):
Jevous donnerai mon adresse. ―I will give you my address / I will give my address to you.
(formal, polite)plural orsingular personal pronoun in thesecond person:
Monsieur, je ne peux pasvous le dire ―Sir, I cannot tell you.

Usage notes

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vous is used to address more than one person or to address one person formally.vous is often used, for example, when two adults meet for the first time.
Children, youth, and students do not usually usevous with each other. Adults do not usually usevous to address young children.
The use ofvous is always considered professional and is used in office settings, schools, etc. to address a single person even when the speaker knows that person well. Thus,Avez-vous fini? (are you finished) may often be heard in an office setting, whileAs-tu fini? (singular, personal you) is not as common. Likewise, some people may call each othertu in some settings andvous in others; for example, lawyers who are friends with each other may call each othertu in informal settings butvous when in court, out of respect for the formal setting.
The use ofvous andtu varies from place to place. For example, Quebecers have the reputation of being freer withtu than Europeans, such as among work colleagues.(Can weclean up⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
In Louisiana French, the use ofvous is rather restricted since it is a polite pronoun and most speakers only use French with people they know well, such as family members. Moreover, it is a singular pronoun; when addressing more than one person, Louisiana French-speakers make use of the plural formvous autres.

Derived terms

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Related terms

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**French personal pronouns**
number	person	gender	nominative (subject)	accusative (direct complement)	dative (indirect complement)	locative (at)	genitive (of)	disjunctive (tonic)¹	emphatic reflexive	relative	proximal	distal
singular	first	—	je,j’	me,m’		—	—	moi	moi-même	—
	second	—	tu	te,t’		—	—	toi	toi-même	—
	third	masculine	il²	le,l’	lui	y	en	lui	lui-même	celui	celui-ci	celui-là
		feminine	elle	la,l’	lui	y	en	elle	elle-même	celle	celle-ci	celle-là
		indeterminate	on³,l’on (formal),ce⁴,c’,ça	—	—	—	—	—	—	ce	ceci	cela,ça
		reflexive	—	se,s’⁵		—	—	soi	soi-même	—
plural	first	—	nous	nous		—	—	nous	nous-mêmes	—
	second⁶	—	vous	vous		—	—	vous	vous-mêmes, vous-même⁶	—
	third	masculine	ils⁷	les	leur	y	en	eux⁷	eux-mêmes⁷	ceux	ceux-ci	ceux-là
	third	feminine	elles	les	leur	y	en	elles	elles-mêmes	celles	celles-ci	celles-là

¹ The disjunctive (tonic) forms are also used after an explicit preposition (de/d’,à,pour,chez,dans,vers,sur,sous, ...), instead the accusative, dative, genitive, locative, or reflexive forms, where a preposition is implied.
²Il is also used as an impersonal nominative-only pronoun.
³On can also function as a first person plural (although agreeing with third person singular verb forms).
⁴ The nominal indeterminate formce (demonstrative) can also be used with the auxiliary verbêtre as a plural, instead of the proximal or distal gendered forms.
⁵ The reflexive third person singular forms (se ors’) for accusative or dative are also used as third person plural reflexive.
⁶Vous is also used as the polite singular form, in which case the plural disjunctive tonicvous-mêmes becomes singularvous-même.
⁷Ils,eux andeux-mêmes are also used when a group has a mixture of masculine and feminine members.

Descendants

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Haitian Creole:ou

Middle English

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Adjective

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vous

alternative form offous

Middle French

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Etymology

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FromOld Frenchvos,vous, fromLatinvōs.

Pronunciation

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This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with theIPA then please add some!

Pronoun

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vous

you (plural or polite)
yourself (second-person plural or polite reflexive pronoun)

Usage notes

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As in modern French,vous is either plural or polite as both a subject pronoun and a reflexive pronoun:
- 1488, Jean Dupré,Lancelot du Lac, page12:
  Car sevousvous mettez en ceste forest qui est grande et espesse
  For if you put yourself into this forest which is big and thick
  (The firstvous is the subject pronoun, and the second is the reflexive pronoun. Both are singular, referring toLancelot)