“vara”, inKielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki:Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland),2004–, retrieved4 July 2023
1335, M. Lucas Álvarez, P. Lucas Domínguez, editors,El monasterio de San Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: estudio y documentos, Sada / A Coruña: Edicións do Castro, page463:
que den a uos Eluira Perez en uossa vida de tres en tres annos çinquovaras de valacyna noua ou os dineiros para ella, quantos ella custar enna tenda
they should give you, Elvira Pérez, throughout your life each three years, fiveyards of new Valencian cloth or the money for them, whatever it costs in the store
Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “vara”, inCorpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
1) obsolete *) theaccusative corresponds with either thegenitive (sg) ornominative (pl) **) thecomitative is formed by adding the suffix-ka? or-kä? to thegenitive.
(diminutive form,typography) Therafelines in the shape of crossbars that can be used inLadinoorthography asdiacritics onHebrew script to alter the sound of letters to create new letters; abreve diacritic (˘) is placed on top of letters to formfricative consonant sounds, such as changing פ (/p/) into פﬞ (/f/); usually referred to by the diminutivevarika(“little crossbar”).
↑1.01.11.21.31.41.5Pali Text Society (1921–1925), “vara”, inPali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
^Warder A.K. (2001),Introduction to Pali (overall work in English), Oxford: The Pali Text Society, page380: “var (I) varati vuta -vari varissati varitvā”
^Pali Text Society (1921–1925), “vuṇāti”, inPali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
2020 October 4, Franco Mizrahi, “La doble vara de la Corte Suprema de Justicia: los casos sensibles que posterga el máximo tribunal”, inEl Destape[2]:
La inusual celeridad con la que la Corte Suprema de Justicia abordó el caso de los jueces Leopoldo Bruglia, Pablo Bertuzi y Germán Castelli expuso la doblevara con la que el Tribunal Supremo toma o deja los expedientes que le llegan.
Pronunciation of the present tense formär usually varies between/eː/ and/ɛː/ depending on the accent. The pronunciation/ɛːr/,[æːɾ] also occurs, especially when it is stressed, in ceremonial speech, or increasingly also due tospelling pronunciation.
c.1847, Carl August Hagberg, translation of Shakespeare'sHamlet (c. 1601),act 3, scene 1
Attvara eller ickevara, det är frågan: Månn’ ädlare att lida och fördraga Ett bittert ödes styng och pilar eller Att ta till vapen mot ett haf af qval
Tobe or not tobe– that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles
(copulative)Indicates that the subject and object are the same.
Bruce Wayneär Batman. ―Bruce Wayneis Batman.
(copulative,mathematics)Indicates that the values on either side of an equation are the same.
ett plus ettär två. ―one plus oneis two.
(copulative)Indicates that the subject plays the role of or belongs to the group represented by the predicate nominal. This is idiomatically applied more broadly compared to English, as the examples below show. Including an article or making the noun definite – like in English – is not ungrammatical and does not change the meaning of the examples – it is only unidiomatic (and often intuitively redundant to native speakers, for example for giving a count of one (en/ett) to a role, similar to how "became a president" sounds to English speakers).
Han blevpresident 2007. ―He becamepresident in 2007 [same in Swedish as in English]
Jag ärislänning. ―I amIcelandic/an Icelander.
Jag äriranier. ―I am(an) Iranian.
Jag ärtysk. ―I am(a) German.
Jag äramerikan. ―I am(an) American.
Jag ärbritt. ―I amBritish/a Brit.
Hon ärläkare. ―She isa doctor.
Är honbagare?. ―Is shea baker?
Han varsoldat. ―He wasa soldier.
Han har varitlöjtnant. ―He has beena lieutenant.
Hon ärlagkapten. ―She isa/the team captain.
Han ärfrimurare. ―He isa Freemason.
Han ärfilmfantast. ―He isa movie buff.
Hon har blivitmamma. ―She has becomea mother.
Vem ärfar till barnen? ―Who isthe father of the children?
Vem ärstorasyster och vem ärlillasyster?
Who isthe big sister and who isthe little sister?
att varamänniska. ―to bea human.
Hon ärläkare,soldat ochmamma på samma gång.
She isa doctor,a soldier, anda mother at the same time.
Hon ären skicklig läkare. ―She isa skilled doctor.("Skilled doctor" is not considered a "role," so an article (en) appears in this example, like in English.)
(copulative)Connects a noun to an adjective that describes it.
Men I villen icke draga ditupp, utanvoren gensträviga motHerrens, eder Guds, befallning.
Notwithstanding ye would not go up, but rebelled against the commandment of theLord your God.
Forms a passive voice that indicates a state or a completed action. The examples below show comparisons against-s, which also forms the passive voice. The examples are kept basic for the sake of illustration and do not always represent the most idiomatic way to say things in either Swedish or English.
Rummetstädas. ―The roomis cleaned.(is being cleaned right now, or, alternatively, is cleaned from time to time, as opposed to never being cleaned)
Rummetär städat. ―The roomis clean.("is cleaned" in the sense of "has been cleaned")
Rummetstädas en gång i veckan. ―The roomis cleaned once a week.
Rummetär städat en gång i veckan. ―The roomis clean once a week.(an unusual thing to say in Swedish as well)
Husetmålades förra veckan, så detvar målat när jag gick förbi det för en timme sen.
The housewas painted last week, so itwas painted (had painted walls) when I walked past it an hour ago.
Viräddades av en räddningshelikopter. ―Wewere rescued by a rescue helicopter.(a rescue helicopter came and rescued us)
Vivar räddade. ―Wehad been rescued.("We were rescued" in the sense of "We had (the property of having) been rescued" as opposed to "Someone came and rescued us" – "We were rescued" is used to express both in English, but Swedish separates them.)
Pojkenräddades av hunden. ―The boywas saved by the dog.
Pojkenvar räddad av hunden. ―The boyhad the property of having been saved by the dog.(had at some earlier time been saved by the dog – odd-sounding in Swedish too)
Pojkenhade räddats av hunden. ―The boyhad been saved by the dog.(for comparison – idiomatic-sounding)
Bilenkörs. ―The caris driven.(right now, or from time to time)
Bilenär körd. ―The caris driven.(has been driven (in some context), has more than zero kilometers on the odometer (if talking generally))
Synonyms:(when putting stress on the process)bli,(archaic, only still commonly used in the past tense formvart)varda
(archaic)Used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs.
Jagär uppstigen sedan en timme. ―Ihave been out of bed for an hour.
Used to indicate things like age, height, temperature, weather, ...
Although the past subjunctive in most verbs is viewed as dated (see:Appendix:Swedish verbs),vore is still very much in use by young speakers, even in informal or colloquial language.
Technically, Swedish can express thecontinuous tense with thepresent participle, like English. "Jag är/var gående" sounds grammatical, literally means "I am/was walking," and would have the same interpretation as in English. However, the tone is completely different, like "I am/was in a state of walking," or "I have/had the property of walking," which is why it is unlikely to be used. (The tone is the same as in "en gående man" (a walking man), which sounds perfectly natural. Compare "a tall man.") Compare also for example "Jag ärsängliggande" ("I am bedridden," literally "bed-lying").
*) theaccusative corresponds with either thegenitive (sg) ornominative (pl) **) theterminative is formed by adding the suffix-ssaa to the shortillative (sg) or thegenitive. ***) thecomitative is formed by adding the suffix-ka to thegenitive.
