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und

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:und-andUnd

Translingual

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Symbol

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und

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-2 &ISO 639-3language code for anundetermined language.

English

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Alternative forms

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  • vnd(alternative typography)[16th C.]

Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishunde(a wave), from either theOld Frenchunde orLatinunda(wave).Doublet ofwater, ultimately from the sameIndo-European root.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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und (pluralunds)

  1. (obsolete, rare) Awave.
    • 1784, François Rabelais,The works of Francis Rabelais ... Now carefully revised, and compared throughout with the late new edition of M. Le du Chat, by Mr. Ozell, etc, page309:
      Lute,Unds, and Sands did long our March oppose, And asp'rous Rocks, the Bulwarks of our Foes.
  2. (heraldry) Abillow- or wave-like marking.
    • (Can wedate this quote?), William Drummond, letter "To the Right Honourable the Earl of Perth" inThe history of Scotland, from the year 1423 until the year 1542 containing the lives and reigns of James the I, the II, the III, the IV, the V : with several memorials of state, during the reigns of James VI & Charls I:
      My Noble Lord, / AFter a long inquiry about the Arms of your Lordships antient House, and the turning of sundry Books of Impresaes and Herauldry, I found yourUNDES famous and very honourable. / In our neighbour Countrey of England they are born, but inversed upside down, and diversified. Torquato Tasso in his Rinaldo maketh mention of a Knight who had a Rock placed in the Waves with the Word Rompe ch'il percote. And other hath the Seas waves with a Syren rising out of them, the word Bella Maria, which is the name of some Courtezan.
    • 1592, William Wyrley,The true vse of armorie, page12:
      The house of Chedle yet after this diuiding it selfe into two branches, John Basset of new place (being of the yoonger house) left the Labell, and charged the blackevnds with manie besants dispersed all ouer them.
    • 1650, Henry Estienne, Thomas Blount,The art of making devises [] :
      A Devise may also be handsomely framed from two different Coats of Armes, as of the Husband and his Wife, of two friends, of two Kings, of two States united and confederate. Will you have an example of it, taken out of our AuthorBargagli? A Husband bearingVnde in his armes, and his Wife Roses, gave occasion to joyne them together in one Blazon, with these words, IRRIGATÆ VIVATIORES, i.e.they are more lively when they are watered.

Related terms

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References

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Anagrams

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Bavarian

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanunde, fromOld High Germanunti, fromProto-West Germanic, fromProto-Germanic*andi. Cognates includeGermanund andLuxembourgishan.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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und

  1. (Vienna)and
    Duund i.Youand I.
    • 1938, Josef Weinheber,Wien wörtlich, Sieg der Provinz:
      I waaß net, es gibt so vü' Dichter in Wien,
      und ålle geehrtund berühmt.
      I didn't know there were so many poets in Vienna,
      and all honorableand famous.

References

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  • Maria Hornung, Sigmar Grüner (2002) “und”, inWörterbuch der Wiener Mundart, 2nd edition, ÖBV & HPT

Estonian

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Noun

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und

  1. partitivesingular ofuni

German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanunde, fromOld High Germanunti, fromProto-Germanic*andi*anþi, fromProto-Indo-European*h₂énti. CompareDutchen,Englishand,Danishend.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ʊnt/,[(ʔ)ʊnt](standard)
    • IPA(key): /ən/,[n̩](in numbers from 21 to 99, alternative de-facto standard)
    • IPA(key): /ʊn/,[(ʔ)ʊn](in other contexts, colloquial)
  • Audio:(file)
  • Audio:(file)

Conjunction

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und

  1. (co-ordinating)and
    Kaffeeund Kuchencoffeeand cake
    Ich kam, sahund siegte.I came, saw,and conquered.
    • 1904, Rudolf Eisler,Wörterbuch der philosophischen Begriffe, Berlin, volume 1, sub verboIch, page 446-457:
      "Das »Ich = Ich« ist die ursprünglichste Erkenntnis, die Urquelle alles Denkens [..], es bedeutet »erstens die rein logische Identität von Subjectund Object im Acte des reinen Selbstbewußtseins, zweitens die reale metaphysische Identität des setzenden absoluten Ichund des gesetzten begrenzten Ich,und drittens die zeitliche Identität des Ich in zwei rasch aufeinander folgenden Zeitpunkten« [...]."
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
  2. (colloquial)links two nouns, often a person and an activity, in rhetoric questions to express an opposition between them
    Erund Abwaschen? Vielleicht einmal im Jahr!
    Him doing the dishes? Maybe once per year!

Usage notes

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  • As seen in the second example, commas are never used beforeund in enumerations, even where some English style guides prescribe this.
  • Commas are used beforeund (andoder) in complex sentences when a subclause intervenes. Compare:
Er erklärte, dass er den Vorschlag gutheiße, und bat um Zustimmung.(und continues the main clause)
He declared that he approved of the proposal, and asked for endorsement.
Er erklärte, dass er den Vorschlag gutheiße und um Zustimmung bitte.(und continues the subclause)
He declared that he approved of the proposal and (that he) asked for endorsement.
  • Commas are optional whenund connects two complete sentences (i.e. when a full stop could be used instead of the conjunction):
Der Fischer fischt[,] und der Jäger jagt.The fisherman fishes and the hunter hunts.

Interjection

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und

  1. so?,now?,and?
    Und? Wie ist es gelaufen?
    So? How did it go?

Further reading

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Gothic

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Romanization

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und

  1. Romanization of𐌿𐌽𐌳

Hungarian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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un +‎-d

Pronunciation

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Verb

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und

  1. second-personsingularsubjunctivepresentdefinite ofun

Icelandic

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Norseund, fromProto-Germanic*wundō.

Noun

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und f (genitive singularundar,nominative pluralundir)

  1. (poetic)wound
    Synonym:sár
Declension
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Declension ofund (feminine)
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativeundundinundirundirnar
accusativeundundinaundirundirnar
dativeundundinniundumundunum
genitiveundarundarinnarundaundanna

Etymology 2

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Apocopated form ofundir.

Preposition

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und

  1. (poetic)under

Old Norse

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Etymology 1

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Short form ofundir.

Preposition

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und

  1. (poetic) under
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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FromProto-Germanic*wundō(wound).

Noun

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und f (genitiveundar,pluralundir)

  1. (poetic)wound
Declension
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Declension ofund (strongi-stem)
femininesingularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativeundundinundirundirnar
accusativeundundinaundirundirnar
dativeundundinniundumundunum
genitiveundarundarinnarundaundanna
Declension ofund (strongō-stem)
femininesingularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativeundundinundarundarnar
accusativeundundinaundarundarnar
dativeundundinniundumundunum
genitiveundarundarinnarundaundanna
Related terms
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Descendants
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  • Icelandic:und
  • Old Swedish:und
  • Danish:vunde(influenced by Low German)

Further reading

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  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “und”, inA Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at theInternet Archive

Old Saxon

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Pronunciation

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Preposition

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und (with accusative)

  1. until

Conjunction

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und

  1. until
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