tum
- (international standards)ISO 639-2 &ISO 639-3language code forTumbuka.
tum (pluraltums)
- shortened form oftummy
- Synonym:tum-tum
1918,Norman Lindsay,The Magic Pudding, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page18:For here am I without a crumb
To satisfy a ragingtum--
O what an oversight!"
As he was indulging in these melancholy reflexions he came round a bend in the road, and discovered two people in the very act of having lunch.
tum
- Romanization ofᬢᬸᬫ᭄
tum
- an ancient jar that is large in the middle and opening, having a black surface and no design
tum
- toheat; towarm
Tum dulu lauk chelap nya- Heat the cold dish first
- tohost lot of people for a long period of time
Kami kenatum bala pengabang dua hari.- Wehosted the visitor for two days
FromMiddle Irishtummid.[2]
tum (present analytictumann,future analytictumfaidh,verbal nountumadh,past participletumtha)(ambitransitive)
- todip(lower into a liquid),immerse,plunge,duck,submerge
- to dip(treat cattle or sheep by immersion)
- todive(jump into water head-first; descend)
- topitch(move so that the front of the craft goes alternatively up and down)
- Synonym:bocáil
| verbal noun | tumadh |
|---|
| past participle | tumtha |
|---|
| tense | singular | plural | relative | autonomous |
|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third |
|---|
| indicative |
|---|
| present | tumaim | tumann tú;
tumair† | tumann sé, sí | tumaimid | tumann sibh | tumann siad;
tumaid† | athumann; athumas /
adtumann* | tumtar |
|---|
| past | thum mé;thumas | thum tú;thumais | thum sé, sí | thumamar;thum muid | thum sibh;thumabhair | thum siad;thumadar | athum /
arthum* | tumadh |
|---|
| past habitual | thumainn /dtumainn‡‡ | thumtá /dtumtᇇ | thumadh sé, sí /dtumadh sé, s퇇 | thumaimis;thumadh muid /dtumaimis‡‡;dtumadh muid‡‡ | thumadh sibh /dtumadh sibh‡‡ | thumaidís;thumadh siad /dtumaidís‡‡;dtumadh siad‡‡ | athumadh /
adtumadh* | thumtaí /dtumta퇇 |
|---|
| future | tumfaidh mé;
tumfad | tumfaidh tú;
tumfair† | tumfaidh sé, sí | tumfaimid;
tumfaidh muid | tumfaidh sibh | tumfaidh siad;
tumfaid† | athumfaidh; athumfas /
adtumfaidh* | tumfar |
|---|
| conditional | thumfainn /dtumfainn‡‡ | thumfá /dtumfᇇ | thumfadh sé, sí /dtumfadh sé, s퇇 | thumfaimis;thumfadh muid /dtumfaimis‡‡;dtumfadh muid‡‡ | thumfadh sibh /dtumfadh sibh‡‡ | thumfaidís;thumfadh siad /dtumfaidís‡‡;dtumfadh siad‡‡ | athumfadh /
adtumfadh* | thumfaí /dtumfa퇇 |
|---|
| subjunctive |
|---|
| present | godtuma mé;
godtumad† | godtuma tú;
godtumair† | godtuma sé, sí | godtumaimid;
godtuma muid | godtuma sibh | godtuma siad;
godtumaid† | — | godtumtar |
|---|
| past | dádtumainn | dádtumtá | dádtumadh sé, sí | dádtumaimis;
dádtumadh muid | dádtumadh sibh | dádtumaidís;
dádtumadh siad | — | dádtumtaí |
|---|
| imperative |
|---|
| – | tumaim | tum | tumadh sé, sí | tumaimis | tumaigí;
tumaidh† | tumaidís | — | tumtar |
|---|
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that triggereclipsis
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
- ^“tum”, inHistorical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
- ^Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tummaid, tu(i)mmid”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
tum
- Romanization ofꦠꦸꦩ꧀
FromProto-Italic*tom, fromProto-Indo-European*tóm, accusative of*só. Cf. its feminine formLatintam, as intamquam. Cognate withAncient Greekτότε(tóte).
tum (notcomparable)
- then,thereupon
Tum Caecilius in horto sedet.- Then Caecilius sits in the garden.
- at the time, at that time
- tum primum ―for the first time, then at first
between27 and9 BC,Livy,Ab urbe condita:Eatum cura maxime intentos habebat Romanos, non ab ira tantum, quae in nullam unquam ciuitatem iustior fuit, quam quod urbs tam nobilis ac potens, sicut defectione sua traxerat aliquot populos, ita recepta inclinatura rursus animos uidebatur ad ueteris imperii respectum- This concern in particular troubled the mindful Romansat the time, not so much because of anger, which has never been more justified against any other city, rather because a city so noble and powerful, in the same way that it had attracted the support of a number of communities by its revolt, was thought would again turn attention back towards respect for the previous government once recaptured.
- furtheron
Often coupled withcum
- Such that "tum x, cum y" = "then x, when y"
- "cum x tum y" = "not only x but also y"
| type | demonstrative | anaphoric | identity | interrogative/
relative | indefinite | negative | other |
|---|
| proximal | medial | distal | relative | indefinite | free choice | universal | negative polarity |
|---|
| basic | hic | iste,istic | ille,illic | is | ipse,īdem | quis/quī | quisquis,quīcumque | quis,quī,quīdam,aliquis,aliquī,quispiam | quīvis,quīlibet | quisque | quisquam,ūllus, °aliquisquam | nēmō,nihil,nūllus | alius |
|---|
| dual | | | | | | uter | utercumque | alteruter | utervīs,uterlibet | uterque | | neuter | alter |
|---|
| place | hīc | istīc | illīc | ibī̆ | ibī̆dem | ubī̆ | ubiubi,ubī̆cumque | alicubī,uspiam | ubivīs,ubilibet | ubīque | usquam | nusquam,nūllibī | alibī,aliās |
|---|
| source | hinc | istinc | illinc | inde | indidem | unde | undecumque,undeunde | alicunde | °undelibet | undique | | | aliunde |
|---|
| destination | hūc, °hōrsum | istūc, °istōrsum | illūc, °illōrsum | eō | eōdem | quō,quōrsum | quōquō,quōcumque | aliquō,quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum | quōvīs,quōlibet | | quōquam | nusquam,nūllōrsum | aliō,aliōrsum |
|---|
method,
means,
path,
place | hāc | istāc | illāc | eā | eādem | quā | quāquā,quācumque | aliquā | quāvīs,quālibet | quāque | | nēquāquam,haudquāquam | aliā |
|---|
| manner | hōcmodō | istōmodō | illōmodō | ita,sīc,
eōmodō | item,itidem | ut,quī,quōmodō,quōmodo,quemadmodum | utut,utcumque,quōmodocumque | quī,quōdammodō,aliquōmodō | quōmodolibet | utīque | ūllōmodō | nūllōmodō | aliter,aliōquī,alterō/aliōmodō |
|---|
| time | num,nunc | | ōlim | tum,tunc | simul | quandō, ‡cum | cumque,quandōcumque,quandōque | quondam,aliquandō | quandōlibet | quandōque | umquam | numquam | aliās |
|---|
| quantity | | | | tam | †tamen, †tandem | quam | †quamquam | aliquam | quamvīs,quamlibet | | | | |
|---|
| size | | | | tantus | tantusdem | quantus | quantuscumque | aliquantus | quantusvīs,quantuslibet | | | | |
|---|
| quality | | | | tālis | | quālis | quālis,quāliscumque | aliquālis | quālislibet | | | | |
|---|
| number | | | | tot | totidem | quot | quotquot,quotcumque | aliquot | quotlibet | | | | |
|---|
| order | | | | totus | | quotus | quotuscumque | aliquotus | quotuslibet | | | | |
|---|
| repetition | | | | totiēns | | quotiēns | quotiēnscumque | aliquotiēns | quotiēnslibet | | | | |
|---|
| multiplication | | | | totuplex | | quotuplex | | | | | | | |
|---|
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated
° Rare
‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative |
- “tum”, inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “tum”, inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- tum inEnrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025),Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
- tum inGaffiot, Félix (1934)Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894)Latin Phrase-Book[1], London:Macmillan and Co.
- at the same moment that, precisely when:eo ipso tempore, cum; tum ipsum, cum
- Pericles, the greatest man of his day:Pericles, quo nemo tum fuit clarior
- Pericles, the greatest man of his day:Pericles, vir omnium, qui tum fuerunt, clarissimus
- I was ten years old at the time:tum habebam decem annos
- to be sound asleep:sopītum esse
- to talk of a subject which was then the common topic of conversation:in eum sermonemincidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore
- a hand-to-hand engagement ensued:tum pes cum pede collatus est (Liv. 28. 2)
tum
- (Northern)Alternative form oftome(“empty”)
FromOld Norse*þumi, fromProto-Germanic*þūmô.
tum
- thumb
Unknown, probably fromProto-Mon-Khmer*t1um(“to boil, to distil”) (compareThaiต้ม(dtôm,“to boil”),Khmerដាំ(dam,“to boil”)).
tum
- (cooking) to cook by warping by banana leaf then steamed
Onomatopoeic.
tum
- (onomatopoeia)crash(to collide with something)
- Synonym:crás
FromOld Irishtummaid(“dips, plunges, immerses”).
tum (pastthum,futuretumaidh,verbal nountumadh,past participletumta)
- plunge,immerse,dip,duck,steep
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tummaid, tu(i)mmid”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Edward Dwelly (1911) “tum”, inFaclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary][2], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited,→ISBN
tum
- Romanization of𒌈(tum)
FromOld Swedishtumme.
tum c
- inch (unit of length)
Can mean at least three different units: 24.74mm (verktum) before 1855, 29.69 mm (decimaltum) between 1855 and 1889, and usually 25.4 mm (engelsk tum) today – an international inch.
tum
- one
- A. G. de León G.,El ayapaneco: una variante del zoqueano en Ja Chontalpa tabasquena [The Ayapaneco dialect: a variant of the Zoque language in the Chontalpa region of Tabasco]
Fromtumu, with word-final vowel deletion.
tum
- Alternative form oftumu(“to dive, leap down from”)
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001)A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
tum• (𡉾)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
tum
- hundred
1932, Arie de Jong,Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page19:Cils äbinons-li i pö zäl et? Si! elogob ustumis.- Were there children at that party as well? Yes, I've seenhundreds of them there.
This word must be preceded by a numeral for a single-digit number, so "one hundred" is expressed in Volapük as "baltum."
