Inherited fromMiddle Frenchtremper, a metathesis ofOld Frenchtemprer, fromLatintemperāre(“mix, moderate”).Doublet oftempérer, a borrowing.
tremper
| infinitive | simple | tremper | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle orgerund1 | simple | trempant /tʁɑ̃.pɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | trempé /tʁɑ̃.pe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | trempe /tʁɑ̃p/ | trempes /tʁɑ̃p/ | trempe /tʁɑ̃p/ | trempons /tʁɑ̃.pɔ̃/ | trempez /tʁɑ̃.pe/ | trempent /tʁɑ̃p/ |
| imperfect | trempais /tʁɑ̃.pɛ/ | trempais /tʁɑ̃.pɛ/ | trempait /tʁɑ̃.pɛ/ | trempions /tʁɑ̃.pjɔ̃/ | trempiez /tʁɑ̃.pje/ | trempaient /tʁɑ̃.pɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | trempai /tʁɑ̃.pe/ | trempas /tʁɑ̃.pa/ | trempa /tʁɑ̃.pa/ | trempâmes /tʁɑ̃.pam/ | trempâtes /tʁɑ̃.pat/ | trempèrent /tʁɑ̃.pɛʁ/ | |
| future | tremperai /tʁɑ̃.pʁe/ | tremperas /tʁɑ̃.pʁa/ | trempera /tʁɑ̃.pʁa/ | tremperons /tʁɑ̃.pʁɔ̃/ | tremperez /tʁɑ̃.pʁe/ | tremperont /tʁɑ̃.pʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | tremperais /tʁɑ̃.pʁɛ/ | tremperais /tʁɑ̃.pʁɛ/ | tremperait /tʁɑ̃.pʁɛ/ | tremperions /tʁɑ̃.pə.ʁjɔ̃/ | tremperiez /tʁɑ̃.pə.ʁje/ | tremperaient /tʁɑ̃.pʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | trempe /tʁɑ̃p/ | trempes /tʁɑ̃p/ | trempe /tʁɑ̃p/ | trempions /tʁɑ̃.pjɔ̃/ | trempiez /tʁɑ̃.pje/ | trempent /tʁɑ̃p/ |
| imperfect2 | trempasse /tʁɑ̃.pas/ | trempasses /tʁɑ̃.pas/ | trempât /tʁɑ̃.pa/ | trempassions /tʁɑ̃.pa.sjɔ̃/ | trempassiez /tʁɑ̃.pa.sje/ | trempassent /tʁɑ̃.pas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | trempe /tʁɑ̃p/ | — | trempons /tʁɑ̃.pɔ̃/ | trempez /tʁɑ̃.pe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the prepositionen. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995],Master the Basics: French, pp.77,78,79,81). | |||||||
Metathesis ofOld Frenchtemprer.
tremper
| infinitive | simple | tremper | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 orgerund2 | simple | trempant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | trempé | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | trempe | trempes | trempe | trempons | trempez | trempent |
| imperfect | trempois,trempoys | trempois,trempoys | trempoit,trempoyt | trempions,trempyons | trempiez,trempyez | trempoient,trempoyent | |
| past historic | trempa | trempas | trempa | trempasmes | trempastes | tremperent | |
| future | tremperai,tremperay | tremperas | trempera | tremperons | tremperez | tremperont | |
| conditional | tremperois,tremperoys | tremperois,tremperoys | tremperoit,tremperoyt | tremperions,tremperyons | tremperiez,tremperyez | tremperoient,tremperoyent | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | trempe | trempes | trempe | trempons | trempez | trempent |
| imperfect | trempasse | trempasses | trempast | trempassions | trempassiez | trempassent | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | trempe | — | trempons | trempez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995],Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p.179). TheFrench Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with prepositionen, as inModern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995],op. cit., p.180). | |||||||
Metathesis ofOld Frenchtemprer(“to temper, moderate”), fromLatintemperō,temperāre(“mix, moderate”,verb).
tremper