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trí

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Appendix:Variations of "tri"

Irish

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /tʲɾʲiː/^[1]^[2]

Etymology 1

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**Irish numbers^(edit)**
	30
← 2	3	4 →
Cardinal:trí Ordinal:tríú Personal:triúr

FromOld Irishtrí, fromProto-Celtic*trīs, fromProto-Indo-European*tréyes.

Numeral

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trí

three

Usage notes

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May be used with nouns in both the singular and plural; the singular is more common in general, but the plural must be used with units of measurement and the like. Triggerslenition of nouns in the singular andh-prothesis of nouns in the plural:

trí chat ―three cats
trí troithe ―three feet
trí héin ―three birds

When used with the definite article, the definite article is always in the plural. When used with adjectives, the adjective is also in the plural and is always lenited after nouns in the singular; after nouns in the plural, the adjective only lenites after slender consonants:

trí chapallbhána ―three white horses
na trí eaglaismhóra ―the three big churches

But:

trí capaillbhána ―three white horses
na trí heaglaisímóra ―the three big churches

When referring to human beings, the personal formtriúr is used.

Alternative forms

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trí-(combining)

Derived terms

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trí déag
tríú(ordinal)
triúr(used with personal nouns)

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Irishtri,tre, fromOld Irishtri,tre, fromProto-Celtic*trei (compareWelshtrwy), fromProto-Indo-European*terh₂-(“to pass through”).

Preposition

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trí (plus dative,triggerslenition,before the definite article in singulartríd)

through

Inflection

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Inflection oftrí
	Person:		simple	emphatic
singular	first		tríom	tríomsa
	second		tríot	tríotsa
	third	m	tríd	trídsean
	third	f	tríthi	tríthise

plural	first		trínn	trínne
	second		tríbh	tríbhse
	third		tríothu	tríothusan

Alternative forms

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Derived terms

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Irish preposition contractions
	contracted with							copular forms
base form	an(“the sg”)	na(“the pl”)	mo(“my”)	do(“your”)	a(“his, her, their; which (present)”)	ár(“our”)	ar(“which (past)”)	before a consonant	before a vowel
base form	an(“the sg”)	na(“the pl”)	mo(“my”)	do(“your”)	a(“his, her, their; which (present)”)	ár(“our”)	ar(“which (past)”)	before a consonant	present/future	past/conditional
de(“from”)	den	de na desna*	de mo dem*	de do ded,det	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
do(“to, for”)	don	do na dosna*	do mo dom*	do do dod,dot	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
faoi(“under, about”)	faoin	faoi na	faoi mo	faoi do	faoina	faoinár	faoinar		faoinarb	faoinarbh
i(“in”)	sa,san	sna	i mo im*	i do id,it	ina	inár	inar		inarb	inarbh
le(“with”)	leis an	leis na	le mo lem*	le do led,let	lena	lenár	lenar		lenarb	lenarbh
ó(“from, since”)	ón	ó na ósna*	ó mo óm*	ó do ód,ót	óna	ónár	ónar		ónarb	ónarbh
trí(“through”)	tríd an	trína	trímo	trído	trína	trínár	trínar		trínarb	trínarbh

*dialectal

Mutation

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Mutated forms oftrí
radical	lenition	eclipsis
trí	thrí	dtrí

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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^Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931),Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux,§ 86, page47
^Quiggin, E. C. (1906),A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press,§ 262, page93

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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FromOld Norseþrír, fromProto-Norseᚦᚱᛁᛃᛟᛉ(þrijoʀ)(feminine plural), fromProto-Germanic*þrīz, ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*tréyes. Compare Danish and Swedishtre, Icelandicþrír, Faroesetríggir,Englishthree.

Pronunciation

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(Setesdal)IPA^(key): [tʰræɪ̯]

Numeral

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trí m (femininetrjå,neutertrjú)

(dialectal, Setesdal)three
‘Er ætrí gúta,trjå jentu, åtrjú bórd.
There arethree lads,three girls, andthree tables.

References

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“trí” at Vallemål.no

Old Irish

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IPA^(key): /ˈt̠ʲɾʲiː/

Numeral

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**Old Irish cardinal numbers**
< 2	3	4 >
Cardinal :trí Ordinal :tris Male personal :tríar

trí (feminineteöir)

three

Usage notes

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When attributively (before a noun) it is generally writtentri and was probably also pronounced short:

tri anman(/tʲrʲi h-/) ―three names

When used substantively it was always written and pronounced longtrí:

i n-aeclis no thríi(/tʲrʲiː/) ―in a church or in three

Inflection

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Irregular numeral
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	trí^H	teöir,téora^H	trí^L
vocative		teöir,téora^H
accusative		téora^H
genitive	trí^N	téora^N	trí^N
dative	trib	téoraib	trib

Initial mutations of a following noun:

^H = triggers aspiration
^L = triggers lenition
^N = triggers nasalization

In archaic texts the formtre also occurs for nom./acc. neuter as well as gen. masculine.

Derived terms

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tréde(“three things”)
tree(“third”)
tretheng(“trio”)
trían(“third part”)
tríar(“trio”)
trícho(“thirty”)

Descendants

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Middle Irish:trí
- Irish:trí
- Manx:tree
- Scottish Gaelic:trì

Etymology 2

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Preposition

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trí

alternative spelling oftri

Mutation

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Mutation oftrí
radical	lenition	nasalization
trí	thrí	trí pronounced with/dʲ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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^Vendryes, Joseph (1959–96), “trí”, inLexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume T U, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, pageT-139f.