Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WiktionaryThe Free Dictionary
Search

tough

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

[edit]
EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

[edit]

FromMiddle Englishtough,towgh,tou,toȝ, fromOld Englishtōh(tough, tenacious, holding fast together; pliant; sticky, glutinous, clammy), fromProto-West Germanic*tą̄h(ī), fromProto-Germanic*tanhuz(fitting; clinging; tenacious; tough), fromProto-Indo-European*denḱ-(to bite).

Cognates

Cognate withScotsteuch(tough),tūch(tough),Dutchtaai(tough),Low Germantage,taag,taë,taa(tough),Germanzäh(tough), dialectal Germanzach(tough; boring).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

tough (comparativetougher,superlativetoughest)

  1. (of a material)Strong andresilient;sturdy.
    Synonyms:robust,stout;see alsoThesaurus:hard
    The tent, made oftough canvas, held up to many abuses.
  2. (of food)Difficult tocut orchew.
    Synonym:unchewable
    To soften atough cut of meat, the recipe suggested simmering it for hours.
  3. (of a person or animal)Rugged orphysicallyhardy.
    Synonyms:hardy,robust,vigorous
    Only atough species will survive in the desert.
    • 2010, Brian Lovett,HuntingTough Turkeys,Stackpole Books,page 3:
      But before you quit turkey hunting and take up model-train collecting, let me give you the good news: you can score ontough turkeys. In fact, you can kill thetoughest turkey in the woods.
  4. (of a person)Stubborn orpersistent;capable of stubbornness or persistence.
    Synonyms:hardheaded,tenacious;see alsoThesaurus:obstinate
    He had a reputation as atough negotiator.
  5. (of weather, etc.)Harsh orsevere.
    Synonym:inclement
  6. Rowdy orrough.
    Synonyms:disorderly,unruly
    A bunch of thetough boys from the wrong side of the tracks threatened him.
  7. (of questions, etc.)Difficult ordemanding.
    Synonyms:challenging,hard;see alsoThesaurus:difficult
    This is atough crowd.
    • 1998, Lois Liederman Davitz, Joel Robert Davitz,20Tough Questions Teenagers Ask and 20Tough Answers, Paulist Press,pages 6-7,
      But let's get back to thetough question about sex before marriage. And this is atough question. In fact we would rank the question you've both raised as pretty high on our list oftough questions.
    • 2012,BioWare,Mass Effect 3 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts,→OCLC, PC, scene: Earth:
      Anderson: We fought hard to get here. But now thetoughest part of our mission begins.
      Anderson: We've got to drive right through the heart of Reaper-controlled territory, break past their defenses, and get to that beacon.
    • 2010, Rushworth M. Kidder,Good Kids,Tough Choices,Wiley (Jossey-Bass),page 96,
      What Lara faced, in fact, falls right into the pool of light beneath our second lens: makingtough choices.
  8. (material science) Undergoing plastic deformation before breaking.
  9. Strict, notlenient.
    Synonyms:harsh,strict;see alsoThesaurus:stern
    tough on crime
    • 2024 January 27, Priscilla Alvarez, “Biden seizes on tougher border measures as he tries to fend off Trump attacks”, inCNN[1]:
      President Joe Biden is embracingtougher border measures, including shutting down the US-Mexico border, marking a stark shift from his early days in office as he tries to fend off former President Donald Trump’s attacks on immigration policy ahead of the election.

Derived terms

[edit]
Terms derived fromtough (adjective)

Descendants

[edit]

Translations

[edit]
resilientseeresilient
difficult to chew
rugged or physically hardy
stubbornseestubborn
harsh or severe
rowdy or rough
difficult or demanding
material science: undergoing plastic deformation before breaking

Interjection

[edit]

tough

  1. (slang)Used to indicate lack of sympathy
    If you don't like it,tough!

Translations

[edit]
lack of sympathy

Noun

[edit]

tough (pluraltoughs)

  1. A person who obtains things by force; athug orbully.
    They were doing fine until they encountered a bunch oftoughs from the opposition.
    • 2018, Sandeep Jauhar,Heart: a History,→ISBN, page54:
      He was in his early fifties, extensively tattooed, just the sort oftough I wouldn't want to meet alone in a parking lot at night, but right then he was whimpering.

Translations

[edit]
one who obtains things by force
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

[edit]

tough (third-person singular simple presenttoughs,present participletoughing,simple past and past participletoughed)

  1. Toendure.
    • 2009, Paul Walsh,You and I and Others,→ISBN, pages64 - 65:
      We shall reminisce on how wetoughed it through the winters as they reached the firm, long arm around to give the cold embrace, with ardor seldom loosed till warm winds Marched or Apriled in to soften winter's knuckles -- send rivulets of courage down to dandelions and tulips.
    • 2011, Henry David Thoreau, Damion Searls,The Journal of Henry David Thoreau, 1837-1861,→ISBN, page254:
      “No,” said Minott, “I'vetoughed it through the winter, and i want to stay and hear the bluebirds once more.
    • 2012, Jerry Hopkins -,Extreme Cuisine: The Weird and Wonderful Foods That People Eat,→ISBN:
      Universal Plant Edibility Test The following sounds like a lot of work—it is!—but that's because it comes from the US Army Survival Manual as republished in 1994 as "a civilian's best guide fortoughing it, anyplace in the world...a must for campers, hikers, explorers, pilots, and others whose vocation or avocations require familiarity with the wilderness or out-of-doors..."
  2. Totoughen.

Derived terms

[edit]

Translations

[edit]
endureseeendure
toughenseetoughen

Anagrams

[edit]

German

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed fromEnglishtough; see alsoGermantaff.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

tough (strong nominative masculine singulartougher,comparativetougher,superlativeamtoughstenoramtoughesten)

  1. (slang)Alternative form oftaff(tough; robust; assertive and not overly sensitive)

Declension

[edit]
Positive forms oftough
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristtoughsieisttoughesisttoughsiesindtough
strong declension
(without article)
nominativetoughertoughetoughestoughe
genitivetoughentoughertoughentougher
dativetoughemtoughertoughemtoughen
accusativetoughentoughetoughestoughe
weak declension
(with definite article)
nominativedertoughedietoughedastoughedietoughen
genitivedestoughendertoughendestoughendertoughen
dativedemtoughendertoughendemtoughendentoughen
accusativedentoughendietoughedastoughedietoughen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)
nominativeeintoughereinetougheeintoughes(keine)toughen
genitiveeinestougheneinertougheneinestoughen(keiner)toughen
dativeeinemtougheneinertougheneinemtoughen(keinen)toughen
accusativeeinentougheneinetougheeintoughes(keine)toughen
Comparative forms oftough
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristtoughersieisttougheresisttoughersiesindtougher
strong declension
(without article)
nominativetougherertougheretougherestoughere
genitivetougherentougherertougherentougherer
dativetougheremtougherertougheremtougheren
accusativetougherentougheretougherestoughere
weak declension
(with definite article)
nominativedertougheredietougheredastougheredietougheren
genitivedestougherendertougherendestougherendertougheren
dativedemtougherendertougherendemtougherendentougheren
accusativedentougherendietougheredastougheredietougheren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)
nominativeeintougherereinetoughereeintougheres(keine)tougheren
genitiveeinestoughereneinertoughereneinestougheren(keiner)tougheren
dativeeinemtoughereneinertoughereneinemtougheren(keinen)tougheren
accusativeeinentoughereneinetoughereeintougheres(keine)tougheren
Superlative forms oftough
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristamtoughsten
eristamtoughesten
sieistamtoughsten
sieistamtoughesten
esistamtoughsten
esistamtoughesten
siesindamtoughsten
siesindamtoughesten
strong declension
(without article)
nominativetoughster
toughester
toughste
tougheste
toughstes
toughestes
toughste
tougheste
genitivetoughsten
toughesten
toughster
toughester
toughsten
toughesten
toughster
toughester
dativetoughstem
toughestem
toughster
toughester
toughstem
toughestem
toughsten
toughesten
accusativetoughsten
toughesten
toughste
tougheste
toughstes
toughestes
toughste
tougheste
weak declension
(with definite article)
nominativedertoughste
dertougheste
dietoughste
dietougheste
dastoughste
dastougheste
dietoughsten
dietoughesten
genitivedestoughsten
destoughesten
dertoughsten
dertoughesten
destoughsten
destoughesten
dertoughsten
dertoughesten
dativedemtoughsten
demtoughesten
dertoughsten
dertoughesten
demtoughsten
demtoughesten
dentoughsten
dentoughesten
accusativedentoughsten
dentoughesten
dietoughste
dietougheste
dastoughste
dastougheste
dietoughsten
dietoughesten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)
nominativeeintoughster
eintoughester
einetoughste
einetougheste
eintoughstes
eintoughestes
(keine)toughsten
(keine)toughesten
genitiveeinestoughsten
einestoughesten
einertoughsten
einertoughesten
einestoughsten
einestoughesten
(keiner)toughsten
(keiner)toughesten
dativeeinemtoughsten
einemtoughesten
einertoughsten
einertoughesten
einemtoughsten
einemtoughesten
(keinen)toughsten
(keinen)toughesten
accusativeeinentoughsten
einentoughesten
einetoughste
einetougheste
eintoughstes
eintoughestes
(keine)toughsten
(keine)toughesten

Further reading

[edit]
  • tough” inDuden online
  • tough” inDigitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Middle English

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

tough

  1. Alternative form oftow
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=tough&oldid=83916401"
Categories:
Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp