Movatterモバイル変換

(British, greengrocers' slang) Atomato(the fruit).
Toms 90p a pound
- 2009, Mark Penny, Jonathan Penny,The Golden Pig, page160:
  “I'd like sausage, eggs, bacon,toms, mushies, beans – oh, and some fried bread,” said Mike.

Etymology 3

[edit]

Rhyming slang fromtomfoolery.

Noun

[edit]

tom (uncountable)

(Cockney rhyming slang)jewellery

Etymology 4

[edit]

FromUncle Tom.

Verb

[edit]

tom (third-person singular simple presenttoms,present participletomming,simple past and past participletommed)

(intransitive, derogatory, of a black person) To act in an obsequiously servile manner toward white authority.

Etymology 5

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

tom (third-person singular simple presenttoms,present participletomming,simple past and past participletommed)

(nautical) To dig out ahole below thehatch cover of abulker and fill it withcargo orweights to aidstability.

Anagrams

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MOT,Mot,OMT,OTM,TMO,mot

Czech

[edit]

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [ˈtom]

Pronoun

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tom

locativemasculine/neutersingular often

Danish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Norsetómr, fromProto-Germanic*tōmaz(“empty”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): [ˈtˢʌmˀ]
Rhymes:-ɒm

Adjective

[edit]

tom (neutertomt,plural and definite singular attributivetomme)

empty

References

[edit]

“tom” inDen Danske Ordbog

Finnish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromEnglishtom.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈtom/,[ˈt̪o̞m]
Rhymes:-om
Hyphenation^(key):tom

Noun

[edit]

tom

(music)tom,tom-tom(percussion instrument)

Declension

[edit]

Inflection oftom (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		tom	tomit
genitive		tomin	tomien
partitive		tomia	tomeja
illative		tomiin	tomeihin
		singular	plural
nominative		tom	tomit
accusative	nom.	tom	tomit
accusative	gen.	tomin	tomit
genitive		tomin	tomien
partitive		tomia	tomeja
inessive		tomissa	tomeissa
elative		tomista	tomeista
illative		tomiin	tomeihin
adessive		tomilla	tomeilla
ablative		tomilta	tomeilta
allative		tomille	tomeille
essive		tomina	tomeina
translative		tomiksi	tomeiksi
abessive		tomitta	tomeitta
instructive		—	tomein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms oftom(Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		tomini	tomini
accusative	nom.	tomini	tomini
accusative	gen.	tomini	tomini
genitive		tomini	tomieni
partitive		tomiani	tomejani
inessive		tomissani	tomeissani
elative		tomistani	tomeistani
illative		tomiini	tomeihini
adessive		tomillani	tomeillani
ablative		tomiltani	tomeiltani
allative		tomilleni	tomeilleni
essive		tominani	tomeinani
translative		tomikseni	tomeikseni
abessive		tomittani	tomeittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	tomeineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		tomisi	tomisi
accusative	nom.	tomisi	tomisi
accusative	gen.	tomisi	tomisi
genitive		tomisi	tomiesi
partitive		tomiasi	tomejasi
inessive		tomissasi	tomeissasi
elative		tomistasi	tomeistasi
illative		tomiisi	tomeihisi
adessive		tomillasi	tomeillasi
ablative		tomiltasi	tomeiltasi
allative		tomillesi	tomeillesi
essive		tominasi	tomeinasi
translative		tomiksesi	tomeiksesi
abessive		tomittasi	tomeittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	tomeinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		tomimme	tomimme
accusative	nom.	tomimme	tomimme
accusative	gen.	tomimme	tomimme
genitive		tomimme	tomiemme
partitive		tomiamme	tomejamme
inessive		tomissamme	tomeissamme
elative		tomistamme	tomeistamme
illative		tomiimme	tomeihimme
adessive		tomillamme	tomeillamme
ablative		tomiltamme	tomeiltamme
allative		tomillemme	tomeillemme
essive		tominamme	tomeinamme
translative		tomiksemme	tomeiksemme
abessive		tomittamme	tomeittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	tomeinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		tominne	tominne
accusative	nom.	tominne	tominne
accusative	gen.	tominne	tominne
genitive		tominne	tomienne
partitive		tomianne	tomejanne
inessive		tomissanne	tomeissanne
elative		tomistanne	tomeistanne
illative		tomiinne	tomeihinne
adessive		tomillanne	tomeillanne
ablative		tomiltanne	tomeiltanne
allative		tomillenne	tomeillenne
essive		tominanne	tomeinanne
translative		tomiksenne	tomeiksenne
abessive		tomittanne	tomeittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	tomeinenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		tominsa	tominsa
accusative	nom.	tominsa	tominsa
accusative	gen.	tominsa	tominsa
genitive		tominsa	tomiensa
partitive		tomiaan tomiansa	tomejaan tomejansa
inessive		tomissaan tomissansa	tomeissaan tomeissansa
elative		tomistaan tomistansa	tomeistaan tomeistansa
illative		tomiinsa	tomeihinsa
adessive		tomillaan tomillansa	tomeillaan tomeillansa
ablative		tomiltaan tomiltansa	tomeiltaan tomeiltansa
allative		tomilleen tomillensa	tomeilleen tomeillensa
essive		tominaan tominansa	tomeinaan tomeinansa
translative		tomikseen tomiksensa	tomeikseen tomeiksensa
abessive		tomittaan tomittansa	tomeittaan tomeittansa
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	tomeineen tomeinensa

Irish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

(Munster)IPA^(key): /t̪ˠoumˠ/
(Galway)IPA^(key): /t̪ˠuːmˠ/
(Mayo)IPA^(key): /t̪ˠʊmˠ/
(Ulster)IPA^(key): /t̪ˠʌmˠ/^[1]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromMiddle Irishtomm(“bush, tuft; hillock, knoll”), fromProto-Indo-European*tum-(“mound”).

Noun

[edit]

tom m (genitive singulartoim,nominative pluraltoimortomacha)

bush,shrub
Synonym:tor
clump,tuft,tussock
Synonym:tortóg

Declension

[edit]

Declension oftom (first declension)

bare forms
	singular	plural
nominative	tom	toim
vocative	athoim	athoma
genitive	toim	tom
dative	tom	toim

forms with thedefinite article
	singular	plural
nominative	antom	natoim
genitive	antoim	nadtom
dative	leis antom dontom	leis natoim

Alternative plural:tomacha(Connacht, Ulster)

Derived terms

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tomach(“bushy; tufted”)

Etymology 2

[edit]

Noun

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tom m (genitive singulartoma,nominative pluraltomanna)

Alternative form oftaom(“fit, paroxysm”)

Declension

[edit]

Declension oftom (third declension)

bare forms
	singular	plural
nominative	tom	tomanna
vocative	athom	athomanna
genitive	toma	tomanna
dative	tom	tomanna

forms with thedefinite article
	singular	plural
nominative	antom	natomanna
genitive	antoma	nadtomanna
dative	leis antom dontom	leis natomanna

Etymology 3

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

tom (present analytictomann,future analytictomfaidh,verbal nountomadh,past participletomtha)

Alternative form oftum(“dip, immerse”)

Conjugation

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conjugation oftom (first conjugation – A)

tense	singular			plural			relative	autonomous
verbal noun	tomadh
past participle	tomtha
tense	first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
indicative
present	tomaim	tomann tú; tomair^†	tomann sé, sí	tomaimid	tomann sibh	tomann siad; tomaid^†	athomann; athomas / adtomann*	tomtar
past	thom mé;thomas	thom tú;thomais	thom sé, sí	thomamar;thom muid	thom sibh;thomabhair	thom siad;thomadar	athom / arthom*	tomadh
past habitual	thomainn /dtomainn‡‡	thomtá /dtomtá‡‡	thomadh sé, sí /dtomadh sé, sí‡‡	thomaimis;thomadh muid /dtomaimis‡‡;dtomadh muid‡‡	thomadh sibh /dtomadh sibh‡‡	thomaidís;thomadh siad /dtomaidís‡‡;dtomadh siad‡‡	athomadh / adtomadh*	thomtaí /dtomtaí‡‡
future	tomfaidh mé; tomfad	tomfaidh tú; tomfair^†	tomfaidh sé, sí	tomfaimid; tomfaidh muid	tomfaidh sibh	tomfaidh siad; tomfaid^†	athomfaidh; athomfas / adtomfaidh*	tomfar
conditional	thomfainn /dtomfainn‡‡	thomfá /dtomfá‡‡	thomfadh sé, sí /dtomfadh sé, sí‡‡	thomfaimis;thomfadh muid /dtomfaimis‡‡;dtomfadh muid‡‡	thomfadh sibh /dtomfadh sibh‡‡	thomfaidís;thomfadh siad /dtomfaidís‡‡;dtomfadh siad‡‡	athomfadh / adtomfadh*	thomfaí /dtomfaí‡‡
subjunctive
present	godtoma mé; godtomad^†	godtoma tú; godtomair^†	godtoma sé, sí	godtomaimid; godtoma muid	godtoma sibh	godtoma siad; godtomaid^†	—	godtomtar
past	dádtomainn	dádtomtá	dádtomadh sé, sí	dádtomaimis; dádtomadh muid	dádtomadh sibh	dádtomaidís; dádtomadh siad	—	dádtomtaí
imperative
–	tomaim	tom	tomadh sé, sí	tomaimis	tomaigí; tomaidh^†	tomaidís	—	tomtar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that triggereclipsis

Mutation

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Mutated forms oftom
radical	lenition	eclipsis
tom	thom	dtom

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

[edit]

^Quiggin, E. C. (1906)A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press,§ 291, page104

Javanese

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Javanese writing system
Carakan	ꦠꦺꦴꦩ꧀
Pegon
Roman	tom

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Javanesetom, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*taʀum.

Noun

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tom

indigo(plant)

Descendants

[edit]

→ Ternate:tom

Komo

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Noun

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tom

spear

Lower Sorbian

[edit]

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [tɔm]

Determiner

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tom

locativemasculine/neutersingular often

Maranao

[edit]

Noun

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tom

human bodylouse

Middle English

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Adjective

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tom

Alternative form oftome(“empty”)

Etymology 2

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Noun

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tom (uncountable)

Alternative form oftome(“freetime”)

Etymology 3

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

tom

(Southwest, southern West Midlands)Alternative form oftame(“tame”)

Norwegian Bokmål

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Norsetómr.

Adjective

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tom (neuter singulartomt,definite singular and pluraltomme,comparativetommere,indefinite superlativetommest,definite superlativetommeste)

empty

“tom” inThe Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromOld Norsetómr.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /tʊmː/

Adjective

[edit]

tom (neuter singulartomt,definite singular and pluraltomme,comparativetommare,indefinite superlativetommast,definite superlativetommaste)

empty

Derived terms

[edit]

Related terms

[edit]

tømme,tømma

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromOld Norsetaumr.

Noun

[edit]

tom m (definite singulartommen,indefinite pluraltommar,definite pluraltommane)

Alternative form oftaum;(pre-2012)alternative form oftaum

Derived terms

[edit]

fortom

References

[edit]

“tom” inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

[edit]

mot,t.o.m.

Oksapmin

[edit]

Noun

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tom

water

References

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Robyn Loughnane,A Grammar of Oksapmin (April 2009), page 58

Old English

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Germanic*tōmaz(“empty”). Akin toOld Norsetómr(“empty”), whenceIcelandictómur(“empty”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /toːm/

Adjective

[edit]

tōm

empty
(figuratively) free from
Ðæt hīe mōstun mānweorcatōme lifgan and tīres blǣd ēcne āgan.
That they might livefree from wicked works and own the eternal reward of glory.

Declension

[edit]

Declension oftōm — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	tōm	tōm	tōm
Accusative	tōmne	tōme	tōm
Genitive	tōmes	tōmre	tōmes
Dative	tōmum	tōmre	tōmum
Instrumental	tōme	tōmre	tōme
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	tōme	tōma,tōme	tōm
Accusative	tōme	tōma,tōme	tōm
Genitive	tōmra	tōmra	tōmra
Dative	tōmum	tōmum	tōmum
Instrumental	tōmum	tōmum	tōmum

Declension oftōm — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	tōma	tōme	tōme
Accusative	tōman	tōman	tōme
Genitive	tōman	tōman	tōman
Dative	tōman	tōman	tōman
Instrumental	tōman	tōman	tōman
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	tōman	tōman	tōman
Accusative	tōman	tōman	tōman
Genitive	tōmra,tōmena	tōmra,tōmena	tōmra,tōmena
Dative	tōmum	tōmum	tōmum
Instrumental	tōmum	tōmum	tōmum

Descendants

[edit]

Middle English:tome,tom,toume,tombe,toyme,tum,tume(Northern)
- English:toom
- Scots:tume,tuim

Old Javanese

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*taʀum.

Noun

[edit]

tom

indigo(plant)

Descendants

[edit]

Javanese:tom
- → Ternate:tom

References

[edit]

"tom" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson,Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Polish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Learned borrowing fromLatintomus, fromAncient Greekτόμος(tómos).

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈtɔm/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-ɔm
Syllabification:tom

Noun

[edit]

Lua error in Module:parameters atline 528: Internal error in `params` table: parameter "rel" cannot have the option "disallow_holes", as it is an alias of parameter "adj".

volume(single book of a publication issued in multi-book format)
Synonyms:wolumen,wolumin

Declension

[edit]

Declension oftom

	singular	plural
nominative	tom	tomy
genitive	tomu	tomów
dative	tomowi	tomom
accusative	tom	tomy
instrumental	tomem	tomami
locative	tomie	tomach
vocative	tomie	tomy

Portuguese

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Probably asemi-learned borrowing fromLatintonus (and influenced bysom; compare theSpanishton, variant of the standardtono, which underwent a similar change, influenced byson, respectively), fromAncient Greekτόνος(tónos,“tone”), fromτείνω(teínō,“to stretch”). Cf. alsotrom, a possible doublet.

Pronunciation

[edit]

(Brazil)IPA^(key): /ˈtõ/

(Portugal)IPA^(key): /ˈtõ/,(dialectal)/ˈtɐ̃w̃/

Rhymes:-õ
Homophone:tão(Portugal, dialectal)
Hyphenation:tom

Noun

[edit]

tom m (pluraltons)

tone;pitch(property of sound determined by the frequency)
tone(shade or quality of a colour)
tone(manner in which speech or writing is expressed)
(music)tone(interval of a major second)
(music)key

Romanian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed fromFrenchtome, fromLatintomus.

Noun

[edit]

tom n (pluraltomuri)

volume

Declension

[edit]

Declension oftom
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
	singular		plural
nominative-accusative	tom	tomul	tomuri	tomurile
genitive-dative	tom	tomului	tomuri	tomurilor
vocative	tomule		tomurilor

Scottish Gaelic

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Irishtom(“bush, tuft; hillock, knoll”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /t̪ʰɔum/

Noun

[edit]

tom m (genitive singulartuim,pluraltomanortomannan)

roundhillock orknoll, rising ground,swell, greeneminence
any roundheap
tuft of anything
bush,thicket
anthill
(Islay)stool
volume of a book
bank
grave
(medicine, rare) theplague
conicalknoll

Slovene

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /tóːm/

Noun

[edit]

tọ̑m m inan

tome

Inflection

[edit]

Thediacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	tóm
gen. sing.	tóma
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	tóm	tóma	tómi
genitive (rodȋlnik)	tóma	tómov	tómov
dative (dajȃlnik)	tómu	tómoma	tómom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	tóm	tóma	tóme
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	tómu	tómih	tómih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	tómom	tómoma	tómi

Swedish

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromOld Norsetómr.

Pronunciation

[edit]

(Sweden)IPA^(key): /tum/
Audio: (file)

Adjective

[edit]

tom (comparativetommare,superlativetommast)

empty
tomma tunnor skramlar mest
empty barrels make the most noise (those who complain most vigorously, are the least important)

Declension

[edit]

Inflection oftom
Indefinite	positive	comparative	superlative¹
common singular	tom	tommare	tommast
neuter singular	tomt	tommare	tommast
plural	tomma	tommare	tommast
masculine plural²	tomme	tommare	tommast

Definite	positive	comparative	superlative
masculine singular³	tomme	tommare	tommaste
all	tomma	tommare	tommaste

¹ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
² Dated or archaic.
³ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

Antonyms

[edit]

full

Related terms

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Used in Swedish since 1697. FromFrenchtome,Latintomus(“section of larger work”), fromAncient Greekτόμος(tómos,“section, roll of papyrus, volume”), fromτέμνω(témnō,“I cut, separate”). Cognate withEnglishtome.

Pronunciation

[edit]

(Sweden)IPA^(key): /toːm/

Noun

[edit]

tom c

A tome, avolume (in a series of books), a (thick)book.

Declension

[edit]

Declension oftom
		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	tom	toms
singular	definite	tomen	tomens
plural	indefinite	tomer	tomers
plural	definite	tomerna	tomernas

Derived terms

[edit]

tomtals

References

[edit]

Anagrams

[edit]

Ternate

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromJavaneseꦠꦺꦴꦩ꧀(tom), fromOld Javanesetom.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /tom/

Noun

[edit]

tom (Jawiتوم)

indigo (Indigofera tinctoria)

References

[edit]

Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890)Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
Rika Hayami-Allen (2001)A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Welsh

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Probably fromProto-Indo-European*tewh₂-(“to swell”). CompareMiddle Irishtomm(“clump, hill”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /tɔm/
Rhymes:-ɔm

Noun

[edit]

tom m or f (pluraltomau)

Derived terms

[edit]

tomen(“dunghill”)

Mutation

[edit]

Mutated forms oftom
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
tom	dom	nhom	thom

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

[edit]

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tom”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

White Hmong

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /tɒ˩̰/

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromProto-Hmong-Mien*dəp(“to bite”); compareProto-Malayo-Polynesian*ketep(“id”), whenceIndonesianketip(“dime, dite”).^[1]

Verb

[edit]

tom

tobite

Etymology 2

[edit]

Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Considered native Hmongic by Ratliff, though no reconstructed proto-form is given.^[2]”

Preposition

[edit]

tom

at,there (nearby)

References

[edit]

Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979)White Hmong — English Dictionary‎^[1], SEAP Publications,→ISBN, pages322-3.

^Ratliff, Martha (2010)Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics,→ISBN, page237; 283.
^https://web.archive.org/web/20101031002604/http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/25

Zuni

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

tom

Second person singular possessive(medial position)
your
Second person singular object
you

Related terms

[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=tom&oldid=83469799"

Categories:

Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

Movatterモバイル変換

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Synonyms

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 2

Noun

Etymology 3

Noun

Etymology 4

Verb

Etymology 5

Verb

See also

Anagrams

Czech

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Danish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

References

Finnish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Etymology 3

Verb

Conjugation

Mutation

References

Javanese

Etymology

Noun

Descendants

Further reading

Komo

Noun

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

Determiner

Maranao

Noun

Middle English

Etymology 1

Adjective

Etymology 2

Noun

Etymology 3

Adjective

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Adjective

Derived terms

Related terms

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Adjective

Derived terms

Related terms

Etymology 2

Noun

Derived terms