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thusa

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:thûsa

Irish

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Etymology

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FromOld Irishtussu. Bysurface analysis,thú +‎-sa.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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thusa

  1. emphatic form ofthú
    you(singular),thou,thee

Related terms

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See also

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Irish personal pronouns
personconjunctive
(emphatic)
disjunctive
(emphatic)
possessive
determiner
singularfirst
(mise)
moL
m'before vowel sounds
second
(tusa)1
thú
(thusa)
doL
d'before vowel sounds
thirdm
(seisean)
é
(eisean)
aL
f
(sise)
í
(ise)
aH
nea
pluralfirstmuid,sinn
(muidne,muide), (sinne)
árE
secondsibh
(sibhse)1
bhurE
thirdsiad
(siadsan)
iad
(iadsan)
aE

L TriggerslenitionE TriggerseclipsisH Triggersh-prothesis

1 Also used as thevocative

Thereflexive is formed by addingféin to the relevant pronoun.
For instance, "myself" =mé féin, "yourselves" =sibh féin.

References

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  1. ^Quiggin, E. C. (1906)A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press,§ 103, page41

Further reading

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Pali

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Alternative forms

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Alternative scripts

Etymology

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Inherited fromSanskritतुष(tuṣa).

Noun

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thusa m[1]

  1. chaff
  2. husk of grain[1]
    • c.500 BC,Digha Nikaya: Pathika-vagga, publishedc.50 BC,အဂ္ဂည မေထုနဓမ္မသမာစာရ [aggañña methunadhammasamācāra]; republished asဆဋ္ဌသင်္ဂီတိပိဋကံ သုတ္တန္တပိဋကေ ဒီဃနိကာယေ ပါထိကဝဂ္ဂပါဠိ [chaṭṭhasaṅgītipiṭakaṃ suttantapiṭake dīghanikāye pāthikavaggapāḷi,Sixth Council Tipitaka: Sutta Pitaka: Digha Nikaya: Pathika-vagga-->]‎[2],2010 AD, page 75(၇၅):
      အထ ကဏောပိ တဏ္ဍုလံ ပရိယောနန္ဓိ၊ထုသောပိ တဏ္ဍုလံ ပရိယောနန္ဓိ၊ လူနမ္ပိ နပ္ပဋိဝိရူဠ္ဟံ၊ အပဒါနံ ပညာယိတ္ထ၊ သဏ္ဍသဏ္ဍာ သာလယော အဋ္ဌံသု။
      atha kaṇopi taṇḍulaṃ pariyonandhi.thusopi taṇḍulaṃ pariyonandhi. lūnampi nappaṭivirūḷhaṃ. apadānaṃ paññāyittha. saṇḍasaṇḍā sālayo aṭṭhaṃsu.
      The rice grains became wrapped in powder andhusk, it didn’t grow back after reaping, leaving a trace showing, and the rice stood in clumps.
      (Translation by Ajahn Sujato)

Declension

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Declension table of "thusa" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)thusothusā
Accusative (second)thusaṃthuse
Instrumental (third)thusenathusehiorthusebhi
Dative (fourth)thusassaorthusāyaorthusatthaṃthusānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)thusasmāorthusamhāorthusāthusehiorthusebhi
Genitive (sixth)thusassathusānaṃ
Locative (seventh)thusasmiṃorthusamhiorthusethusesu
Vocative (calling)thusathusā

References

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  1. 1.01.1Childers, Robert Caesar, Dictionary of the Päli language, London: Trübner & Company, 1875, page505.

Further reading

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  • Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “thusa”, inPali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology

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Bysurface analysis,thu +‎-sa. FromOld Irishtussu. Cognates includeIrishtusa andManxtuss.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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thusa (unlenitedtusa)

  1. (emphatic)thou,you (singular)

See also

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Scottish Gaelic personal pronouns
simpleemphatic
singularpluralsingularplural
first personmisinnmisesinne
second personthu,tu1sibh2thusa,tusa1sibhse2
third
person
meiadesaniadsan
fiise

1 Used when following a verb ending in-n,-s or-dh.
2sibh andsibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns.
To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives ofgam are used.

References

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  1. ^Oftedal, M. (1956)A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  2. ^John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎[1], Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
  3. ^Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966)Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath
  4. ^Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937)The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

Sotho

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Verb

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thusa

  1. tohelp

Descendants

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Southern Ndebele

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Verb

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-thúsa

  1. tofrighten, toscare

Inflection

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This verb needs aninflection-table template.

Xhosa

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Etymology

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Verb

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-thúsa

  1. (transitive) tofrighten

Inflection

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This verb needs aninflection-table template.

Zulu

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Verb

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-thúsa

  1. (intransitive) tostartle, tosurprise
  2. (intransitive) tofrighten, toscare, toshock

Inflection

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tone H (infinitiveukuthusa)
positivenegative
infinitiveukuthusaukungathusi
imperative
simple+ object concord
singularthusa-thuse
pluralthusani-thuseni
present
positive absolutepositive relativepositive participialnegative absolutenegative relativenegative participial
1st singularngiyathusa,ngithusaengithusayo,engithusangithusaangithusiengingathusingingathusi
2nd singularuyathusa,uthusaothusayo,othusauthusaawuthusiongathusiungathusi
1st pluralsiyathusa,sithusaesithusayo,esithusasithusaasithusiesingathusisingathusi
2nd pluralniyathusa,nithusaenithusayo,enithusanithusaanithusieningathusiningathusi
class 1uyathusa,uthusaothusayo,othusaethusaakathusiongathusiengathusi
class 2bayathusa,bathusaabathusayo,abathusabethusaabathusiabangathusibengathusi
class 3uyathusa,uthusaothusayo,othusauthusaawuthusiongathusiungathusi
class 4iyathusa,ithusaethusayo,ethusaithusaayithusiengathusiingathusi
class 5liyathusa,lithusaelithusayo,elithusalithusaalithusielingathusilingathusi
class 6ayathusa,athusaathusayo,athusaethusaawathusiangathusiengathusi
class 7siyathusa,sithusaesithusayo,esithusasithusaasithusiesingathusisingathusi
class 8ziyathusa,zithusaezithusayo,ezithusazithusaazithusiezingathusizingathusi
class 9iyathusa,ithusaethusayo,ethusaithusaayithusiengathusiingathusi
class 10ziyathusa,zithusaezithusayo,ezithusazithusaazithusiezingathusizingathusi
class 11luyathusa,luthusaoluthusayo,oluthusaluthusaaluthusiolungathusilungathusi
class 14buyathusa,buthusaobuthusayo,obuthusabuthusaabuthusiobungathusibungathusi
class 15kuyathusa,kuthusaokuthusayo,okuthusakuthusaakuthusiokungathusikungathusi
class 17kuyathusa,kuthusaokuthusayo,okuthusakuthusaakuthusiokungathusikungathusi
recent past
positive absolutepositive relativepositive participialnegative absolutenegative relativenegative participial
1st singularngithusile,ngithusēengithusile,engithusēngithusile,ngithusēangithusangaengingathusangangingathusanga
2nd singularuthusile,uthusēothusile,othusēuthusile,uthusēawuthusangaongathusangaungathusanga
1st pluralsithusile,sithusēesithusile,esithusēsithusile,sithusēasithusangaesingathusangasingathusanga
2nd pluralnithusile,nithusēenithusile,enithusēnithusile,nithusēanithusangaeningathusanganingathusanga
class 1uthusile,uthusēothusile,othusēethusile,ethusēakathusangaongathusangaengathusanga
class 2bathusile,bathusēabathusile,abathusēbethusile,bethusēabathusangaabangathusangabengathusanga
class 3uthusile,uthusēothusile,othusēuthusile,uthusēawuthusangaongathusangaungathusanga
class 4ithusile,ithusēethusile,ethusēithusile,ithusēayithusangaengathusangaingathusanga
class 5lithusile,lithusēelithusile,elithusēlithusile,lithusēalithusangaelingathusangalingathusanga
class 6athusile,athusēathusile,athusēethusile,ethusēawathusangaangathusangaengathusanga
class 7sithusile,sithusēesithusile,esithusēsithusile,sithusēasithusangaesingathusangasingathusanga
class 8zithusile,zithusēezithusile,ezithusēzithusile,zithusēazithusangaezingathusangazingathusanga
class 9ithusile,ithusēethusile,ethusēithusile,ithusēayithusangaengathusangaingathusanga
class 10zithusile,zithusēezithusile,ezithusēzithusile,zithusēazithusangaezingathusangazingathusanga
class 11luthusile,luthusēoluthusile,oluthusēluthusile,luthusēaluthusangaolungathusangalungathusanga
class 14buthusile,buthusēobuthusile,obuthusēbuthusile,buthusēabuthusangaobungathusangabungathusanga
class 15kuthusile,kuthusēokuthusile,okuthusēkuthusile,kuthusēakuthusangaokungathusangakungathusanga
class 17kuthusile,kuthusēokuthusile,okuthusēkuthusile,kuthusēakuthusangaokungathusangakungathusanga
remote past
positive absolutepositive relativepositive participialnegative absolutenegative relativenegative participial
1st singularngāthusaengāthusangāthusaangithusangaengingathusangangingathusanga
2nd singularwāthusaowāthusawāthusaawuthusangaongathusangaungathusanga
1st pluralsāthusaesāthusasāthusaasithusangaesingathusangasingathusanga
2nd pluralnāthusaenāthusanāthusaanithusangaeningathusanganingathusanga
class 1wāthusaowāthusaāthusaakathusangaongathusangaengathusanga
class 2bāthusaabāthusabāthusaabathusangaabangathusangabengathusanga
class 3wāthusaowāthusawāthusaawuthusangaongathusangaungathusanga
class 4yāthusaeyāthusayāthusaayithusangaengathusangaingathusanga
class 5lāthusaelāthusalāthusaalithusangaelingathusangalingathusanga
class 6āthusaāthusaāthusaawathusangaangathusangaengathusanga
class 7sāthusaesāthusasāthusaasithusangaesingathusangasingathusanga
class 8zāthusaezāthusazāthusaazithusangaezingathusangazingathusanga
class 9yāthusaeyāthusayāthusaayithusangaengathusangaingathusanga
class 10zāthusaezāthusazāthusaazithusangaezingathusangazingathusanga
class 11lwāthusaolwāthusalwāthusaaluthusangaolungathusangalungathusanga
class 14bāthusaobāthusabāthusaabuthusangaobungathusangabungathusanga
class 15kwāthusaokwāthusakwāthusaakuthusangaokungathusangakungathusanga
class 17kwāthusaokwāthusakwāthusaakuthusangaokungathusangakungathusanga
potential
positive absolutepositive relativepositive participialnegative absolutenegative relativenegative participial
1st singularngingathusangingathusangingethusengingethuse
2nd singularungathusaungathusaungethuseungethuse
1st pluralsingathusasingathusasingethusesingethuse
2nd pluralningathusaningathusaningethuseningethuse
class 1angathusaengathusaangethuseengethuse
class 2bangathusabengathusabangethusebengethuse
class 3ungathusaungathusaungethuseungethuse
class 4ingathusaingathusaingethuseingethuse
class 5lingathusalingathusalingethuselingethuse
class 6angathusaengathusaangethuseengethuse
class 7singathusasingathusasingethusesingethuse
class 8zingathusazingathusazingethusezingethuse
class 9ingathusaingathusaingethuseingethuse
class 10zingathusazingathusazingethusezingethuse
class 11lungathusalungathusalungethuselungethuse
class 14bungathusabungathusabungethusebungethuse
class 15kungathusakungathusakungethusekungethuse
class 17kungathusakungathusakungethusekungethuse
immediate future
positive absolutepositive relativepositive participialnegative absolutenegative relativenegative participial
1st singularngizothusaengizothusangizothusaangizuthusaengingezuthusangingezuthusa
2nd singularuzothusaozothusauzothusaawuzuthusaongezuthusaungezuthusa
1st pluralsizothusaesizothusasizothusaasizuthusaesingezuthusasingezuthusa
2nd pluralnizothusaenizothusanizothusaanizuthusaeningezuthusaningezuthusa
class 1uzothusaozothusaezothusaakazuthusaongezuthusaengezuthusa
class 2bazothusaabazothusabezothusaabazuthusaabangezuthusabengezuthusa
class 3uzothusaozothusauzothusaawuzuthusaongezuthusaungezuthusa
class 4izothusaezothusaizothusaayizuthusaengezuthusaingezuthusa
class 5lizothusaelizothusalizothusaalizuthusaelingezuthusalingezuthusa
class 6azothusaazothusaezothusaawazuthusaangezuthusaengezuthusa
class 7sizothusaesizothusasizothusaasizuthusaesingezuthusasingezuthusa
class 8zizothusaezizothusazizothusaazizuthusaezingezuthusazingezuthusa
class 9izothusaezothusaizothusaayizuthusaengezuthusaingezuthusa
class 10zizothusaezizothusazizothusaazizuthusaezingezuthusazingezuthusa
class 11luzothusaoluzothusaluzothusaaluzuthusaolungezuthusalungezuthusa
class 14buzothusaobuzothusabuzothusaabuzuthusaobungezuthusabungezuthusa
class 15kuzothusaokuzothusakuzothusaakuzuthusaokungezuthusakungezuthusa
class 17kuzothusaokuzothusakuzothusaakuzuthusaokungezuthusakungezuthusa
remote future
positive absolutepositive relativepositive participialnegative absolutenegative relativenegative participial
1st singularngiyothusaengiyothusangiyothusaangiyuthusaengingeyuthusangingeyuthusa
2nd singularuyothusaoyothusauyothusaawuyuthusaongeyuthusaungeyuthusa
1st pluralsiyothusaesiyothusasiyothusaasiyuthusaesingeyuthusasingeyuthusa
2nd pluralniyothusaeniyothusaniyothusaaniyuthusaeningeyuthusaningeyuthusa
class 1uyothusaoyothusaeyothusaakayuthusaongeyuthusaengeyuthusa
class 2bayothusaabayothusabeyothusaabayuthusaabangeyuthusabengeyuthusa
class 3uyothusaoyothusauyothusaawuyuthusaongeyuthusaungeyuthusa
class 4iyothusaeyothusaiyothusaayiyuthusaengeyuthusaingeyuthusa
class 5liyothusaeliyothusaliyothusaaliyuthusaelingeyuthusalingeyuthusa
class 6ayothusaayothusaeyothusaawayuthusaangeyuthusaengeyuthusa
class 7siyothusaesiyothusasiyothusaasiyuthusaesingeyuthusasingeyuthusa
class 8ziyothusaeziyothusaziyothusaaziyuthusaezingeyuthusazingeyuthusa
class 9iyothusaeyothusaiyothusaayiyuthusaengeyuthusaingeyuthusa
class 10ziyothusaeziyothusaziyothusaaziyuthusaezingeyuthusazingeyuthusa
class 11luyothusaoluyothusaluyothusaaluyuthusaolungeyuthusalungeyuthusa
class 14buyothusaobuyothusabuyothusaabuyuthusaobungeyuthusabungeyuthusa
class 15kuyothusaokuyothusakuyothusaakuyuthusaokungeyuthusakungeyuthusa
class 17kuyothusaokuyothusakuyothusaakuyuthusaokungeyuthusakungeyuthusa
present subjunctive
positivenegative
1st singularngithusengingathusi
2nd singularuthuseungathusi
1st pluralsithusesingathusi
2nd pluralnithuseningathusi
class 1athuseangathusi
class 2bathusebangathusi
class 3uthuseungathusi
class 4ithuseingathusi
class 5lithuselingathusi
class 6athuseangathusi
class 7sithusesingathusi
class 8zithusezingathusi
class 9ithuseingathusi
class 10zithusezingathusi
class 11luthuselungathusi
class 14buthusebungathusi
class 15kuthusekungathusi
class 17kuthusekungathusi
past subjunctive
positivenegative
1st singularngathusangangathusa,angathusa,angangathusa
2nd singularwathusawangathusa,awathusa,awangathusa
1st pluralsathusasangathusa,asathusa,asangathusa
2nd pluralnathusanangathusa,anathusa,anangathusa
class 1wathusawangathusa,akathusa,akangathusa
class 2bathusabangathusa,abathusa,abangathusa
class 3wathusawangathusa,awathusa,awangathusa
class 4yathusayangathusa,ayathusa,ayangathusa
class 5lathusalangathusa,alathusa,alangathusa
class 6athusaangathusa,awathusa,awangathusa
class 7sathusasangathusa,asathusa,asangathusa
class 8zathusazangathusa,azathusa,azangathusa
class 9yathusayangathusa,ayathusa,ayangathusa
class 10zathusazangathusa,azathusa,azangathusa
class 11lwathusalwangathusa,alwathusa,alwangathusa
class 14bathusabangathusa,abathusa,abangathusa
class 15kwathusakwangathusa,akwathusa,akwangathusa
class 17kwathusakwangathusa,akwathusa,akwangathusa

References

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