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through

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishthrugh,thruch,thruh,metathetic variants ofthurgh,thurh, fromOld Englishþurh, fromProto-Germanic*þurhw(through), fromProto-Indo-European*tr̥h₂kʷe, suffixed zero-grade from*terh₂-(to pass through) +*-kʷe(and). Cognate withScotsthroch(through),West Frisiantroch(through),Germandurch(through),Dutchdoor(through),Gothic𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷(þairh,through),Latintrans(across, over, through),Albaniantërthor(through, around),Welshtra(through). See alsothorough.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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through

  1. From oneside orend of (something) to theother.
    1. So as toenter (something), passwithin oracross, and thenleave.
      I drovethrough Lausanne on my way from Geneva to Zurich.
      The bullet went rightthrough his leg.
      • 2013 June 1, “Ideas coming down the track”, inThe Economist, volume407, number8838, page 13 (Technology Quarterly):
        A “moving platform” scheme[]is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. Local trains would use side-by-side rails to roll alongside intercity trains and allow passengers to switch trains by steppingthrough docking bays.
    2. So as to progress within (something) or towards the end or limit of (something).
      The virus broke out in the capital city and is now spreading quicklythrough the country.
      I'm workingthrough this box set of 'Downton Abbey'.
    3. From one side of (an opening) to the other.
      Go straight ahead andthrough that door.
      Lookthrough the window.
    4. To or beyond the other side of (an obstacle);past.
      I hope to start in the autumn, but I've got to getthrough the interview first.
      The finance bill did not getthrough Congress.
      We'rethrough the worst part.
      The going will be easier once we'rethrough the bog.
      You can't seethrough a brick wall!
      • 2013 June 22, “Snakes and ladders”, inThe Economist, volume407, number8841, page76:
        Risk is everywhere.[]For each one there is a frighteningly precise measurement of just how likely it is to jump from the shadows and get you. “The Norm Chronicles”[]aims to help data-phobes find their waythrough this blizzard of risks.
    5. (in phrases such as 'go through', 'get through' etc.)Indicating that something has beenconsumed orused up.
      Have you gotthrough all those chocolates already?!
      The company wentthrough its £100m startup investment in six months.
    6. Along the course of;used in expressions of progress towards the end of something.
      We're halfwaythrough the year.
    7. Throughout the duration of.
      He workedthrough the night.
      I never want to sitthrough another meeting like that again.
  2. Via or by way of.
    1. By way of (a physical passage).
      The hot water entersthrough this pipe.
    2. By way of (an intermediary, agent, medium, etc.).
      I met herthrough a friend of mine.
      This matter was dealt withthrough our London office.
      I received this anonymous letterthrough the post.
      • 2013 May 25, “No hiding place”, inThe Economist, volume407, number8837, page74:
        Inf America alone, people spent $170 billion on “direct marketing”—junk mail of both the physical and electronic varieties—last year. Yet of those who received unsolicited advertsthrough the post, only 3% bought anything as a result. If the bumf arrived electronically, the take-up rate was 0.1%. And for online adverts the “conversion” into sales was a minuscule 0.01%.
  3. Throughout or across the extent of.
    There are errors allthrough this report.
    Work the eggs and sugarthrough the mixture.
  4. Amidst orsurrounded by (while moving).
    We sloggedthrough the mud for hours before turning back and giving up.
    The arrow flewthrough the air.
    I spent all day wadingthrough paperwork.
    • 1892,Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, inThe Ivory Gate [], New York, N.Y.:Harper & Brothers, [],→OCLC,page16:
      Athelstan Arundel walked home all the way, foaming and raging.[] He walked the whole way, walkingthrough crowds, and under the noses of dray-horses, carriage-horses, and cart-horses, without taking the least notice of them.
    • 1913,Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, inMr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London:D[aniel] Appleton and Company,→OCLC:
      I stumbled alongthrough the young pines and huckleberry bushes. Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path that, I cal'lated, might lead to the road I was hunting for. It twisted and turned, and, the first thing I knew, made a sudden bend around a bunch of bayberry scrub and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn.
    • 1914 November,Louis Joseph Vance, “An Outsider []”, inMunsey’s Magazine, volume LIII, number II, New York, N.Y.:The Frank A[ndrew] Munsey Company, [], published1915,→OCLC, chapter III (Accessory After the Fact),page382, column 1:
      Turning back, then, toward the basement staircase, she began to grope her waythrough blinding darkness, but had taken only a few uncertain steps when, of a sudden, she stopped short and for a little stood like a stricken thing, quite motionless save that she quaked to her very marrow in the grasp of a great and enervating fear.
  5. (Canada,US)To (orup to) and including, with all intermediate values.
    from 1945through 1991;  the numbers 1through 9; your membership is activethrough March 15, 2013
    • 2019 February 3, “UN Study: China, US, Japan Lead World AI Development”, inVoice of America[1], archived fromthe original on7 February 2019:
      It includes patent requests in machine learningthrough 2016, the last year for which details are available.
      Audio(US):(file)
  6. By means of.
    This team believes in winningthrough intimidation.
    He's got to where he is todaythrough sheer hard work and determination.
    • 2011 September 28, Tom Rostance, “Arsenal 2-1 Olympiakos”, inBBC Sport[2]:
      But the home side were ahead in the eighth minutethrough 18-year-old Oxlade-Chamberlain.
    • 2013 July 20, “The attack of the MOOCs”, inThe Economist, volume408, number8845:
      Since the launch early last year of […] two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free educationthrough MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in some cases over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete.
  7. In consequence of; as a result of.
    The project failedthrough lack of investment.
    • 2012, Dimitri Yanuli,You Might Be Right, but You Ain't Right with the Word of God:
      Our minds and hearts are corrupted with the Adamic virus at birth, andthrough a lifetime of sin and tragedy, our hearts and thoughts get more evil and more corrupted as we experience life's tragedies.
Derived terms
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Translations
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from one side of an opening to the other
entering, then later exiting
surrounded by (while moving)
by means of
to or up to, until (and including)seeto,‎up to,‎until
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Adjective

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through (notcomparable)

  1. Passing from one side of something to the other.
    Interstate highways form a nationwide system ofthrough roads.
    • 1994, Don A. Halperin, G. Thomas Bible,Principles of Timber Design for Architects and Builders, page137:
      It is possible to use athrough bolt so that the bolt will be loaded axially, but usually axial loads are only components of the total load on the bolt.
  2. (chiefly US) Finished; complete.
    They werethrough with laying the subroof by noon.
  3. Along the course of a task etc.;used in expressions of progress towards the end.
    It's a big job but we're halfwaythrough.
  4. Without a future;done for.
    After being implicated in the scandal, he wasthrough as an executive in financial services.
    • 2004, Intelligent Systems, translated by Nintendo of America,Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door, Nintendo, GameCube, level/area: Shhwonk Fortress:
      You chumps are tougher than you look. But I'm notthrough yet! Everyone! GET 'EM!!!
  5. No longer interested; wearied or turned off by experience.
    She wasthrough with him.
    • 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter I, inZollenstein, New York, N.Y.:D. Appleton & Company,→OCLC:
      “I'mthrough with all pawn-games,” I laughed. “Come, let us have a game of lansquenet. Either I will take a farewell fall out of you or you will have your sevenfold revenge”.
    • 1977, Iggy Pop,Lust For Life:
      I'm worth a million in prizes / Yeah, I'mthrough with sleeping on the sidewalk / No more beating my brains / No more beating my brains / With the liquor and drugs / With the liquor and drugs
  6. Proceeding from origin to destination without the need to change transport vehicle.
    Thethrough flight through Memphis was the fastest.
    When is the nextthrough train to London?
    • 1940 November, “Notes and News: The First Corridor Train”, inRailway Magazine, page618:
      Also the 10.45 a.m. from Paddington by the same route is called "Through Trainvia Severn Tunnel," but in later years, when made up of corridor stock, it is called "Through Corridor Expressvia Severn Tunnel." The frequent use of "through" on the South Wales section of G.W.R. began when the Severn Tunnel route was used forthrough trains between Paddington and South Wales in the summer of 1887 in order to draw continual attention to the improved facilities.
  7. (soccer) In possession of the ball beyond the last line of defence but not necessarily thegoalkeeper;through on goal.
    • 2015, Steve Grossi,SWFL1: Missed Chances See Swifts Relinquish Top Spot[3]:
      With the Swifts calling for offside the striker wasthrough and only a great save from McIlravey prevented the opener.
  8. (chiefly UK, Commonwealth, Ireland, rare in Canada)(usually followed by "to") Able to progress (to the next stage or a higher level) following success in an exam, sports match, etc.
    Manchester United arethrough to the FA Cup Final for the thirteenth time.
Derived terms
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Adverb

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through (notcomparable)

  1. From oneside of something to the other.
    1. By way of theinterior.
      The arrow went straightthrough.
      I didn't like the look of the place, so I drovethrough without stopping.
    2. By way of anopening.
      I opened the window and climbedthrough.
    3. So as toovercome anobstacle and pass beyond it;past.
      The road is blocked by an overturned truck, and cars can't getthrough.
      The American army brokethrough at Saint-Lô.
  2. So as to pass a stage in a process and proceed to the next stage or level.
    The bill will be tabled tomorrow, but I doubt that it will be votedthrough.
    She progressedthrough to the final round of the competition.
  3. From beginning to end, or from the present position to the end.
    Others went to bed for the night; he worked straightthrough.
    She read the letterthrough.
    The baby cried the whole nightthrough.
    He said he would see itthrough.
  4. Throughout something; all the way across or into.
    Leave the yarn in the dye overnight so the color soaksthrough.
  5. (mostly in the phrase 'get through') So as toconnect orreach.
    I've been ringing my bank all day, and finally I've gotthrough.
    I explained it over and over again but I couldn't getthrough to him.
Derived terms
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For adverb-derived terms, see intransitive uses of preposition-derived terms above (get through,go through etc.).

Translations
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From one side to the other

References

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  • Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Bounded landmarks", inThe Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishthrugh,þrouȝ,throgh, fromOld Englishþrūh(trough, conduit, pipe; box, chest; coffin, tomb), fromProto-Germanic*þrūhs(excavated trunk, trough), fromProto-Indo-European*terh₃u-(to rub, turn, drill, bore).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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through (pluralthroughs)

  1. (obsolete) Acoffin, sarcophagus or tomb of stone; a largeslab ofstone laid on atomb, or in a dry-stone wall from one side to the other; aperpend.
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