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tense

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:tensé

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishtens, fromOld Frenchtens (modernFrenchtemps), fromLatintempus.Doublet oftempo andtempus.

Noun

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tense (pluraltenses)

  1. (linguistics, uncountable) The property of indicating the point in time at which an action or state of being occurs or exists.
    Dyirbal verbs are not inflected fortense.
  2. (linguistics, grammar, countable) Aninflected form of a verb that indicatestense.
    English only has a pasttense and a non-pasttense; it has no futuretense.
    • 1530 July 18,Iohan Palſgrave, “The Introduction”, inLeſclarciſſement de la langue francoyſe [] [1], London: Richard Pynſon, Iohan Haukyns,→OCLC, page32; reprinted asLesclarcissement de la langue françoyse, Genève: Slatkine Reprints,1972:
      In ſo moche that if any verbe be of the thyꝛde coniugation
      I ſet out all his rotes andtenſes[]
  3. (grammar, countable, proscribed) A grammaticalaspect.
  4. (grammar, countable, proscribed) A verb form or construction indicating a combination oftense,aspect, andmood.
    The "simple present"tense in English can have several meanings.
    Habits: Iwalk my dog every day.
    Stative verbs: Youare happy.
    Facts: The Earthrevolves around the Sun.
    Etc.
    The Spanish teacher told the student to use the imperfecttense instead of the preteritetense.
Usage notes
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  • Some English-language authorities only consider inflected forms of verbs (i.e. the present and past tenses) as tenses, and not periphrastic forms such as the simple future withwill.
  • Grammatically tense (the location of an event in time: past, present, future) is often distinguished fromaspect (how an event occurs or is viewed by the speaker: finished, ongoing, habitual, etc.). SoI am eating andI was eating have different tenses (present and past) but the same aspect (continuous), whereasI was eating andI had eaten have the same tense (past) and different aspects (continuous and perfect). However, it is common in English (especially in language teaching) to refer to aspects as tenses (e.g.the perfect tense,the continuous tense).
Derived terms
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Related terms
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Translations
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verb forms distinguishing time

Verb

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tense (third-person singular simple presenttenses,present participletensing,simple past and past participletensed)

  1. (grammar, transitive) To apply a tense to.
    tensing a verb

Etymology 2

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Borrowed fromLatintēnsus, one form of the past participle oftendō(stretch).

Adjective

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tense (comparativetenser,superlativetensest)

  1. Showingsigns ofstress orstrain; notrelaxed.
    Synonyms:stressed,unrelaxed,taut
    You need to relax, all this overtime and stress is making youtense.
    • 2009 October 21, Richard Steinberg,The 4 Phase Man: A Novel, Bantam,→ISBN:
      "Attention," thetense man called out in Greek. "This is Lieutenant Kazamakis of the Cypriot Provisional Guard. You will immediately surrender all weapons and slowly come down the stairs, hands above your head." No answer.
    • 2018 February 10, Ratna Chandu,,For a Girl in a Star, Sristhi Publishers & Distributors,→ISBN:
      "There's no one in the house," Sahas cut him off quickly. "Actually[,] I have sent them away. I thought that only the two of us should share the special surprise." He gave atense smile.
  2. Characterized bystrain (on the nerves, emotions, etc).(Comparecharged.)
    • 2022 June 16, Marc B. DeGeorge,A Call to the Sky, MuseMarc Studio LLC,→ISBN:
      Chi stops, but her eyes continue to pierce right through me and into Karima. Atense moment later, she drops her eyes back to the terminal and scans the data once more. The showdown is over, at least for the moment.
  3. Pulledtaut, without anyslack.
  4. (phonetics, of a vowel) Produced with relative constriction of thevocal tract.
    Antonym:lax
Derived terms
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Related terms
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Translations
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showing stress or strain
pulled taut
produced with relative constriction of the vocal tract
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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tense (third-person singular simple presenttenses,present participletensing,simple past and past participletensed)

  1. (transitive) Tomake tense.
  2. (intransitive) Tobecome tense.
    • 1983 December 24, Andrea Loewenstein, “"What's Freedom Without Food In Your Stomach?" — A Trip to Haiti”, inGay Community News, volume11, number23, page 8:
      The driver and the man shouted angrily at each other and Itensed, ready for violence. But soon everyone in thetap-tap joined in, capping remarks, joking, telling chicken and goat stories.
Derived terms
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Translations
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make tense
become tense

Anagrams

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Latin

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Participle

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tēnse

  1. vocativemasculinesingular oftēnsus

Spanish

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Verb

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tense

  1. inflection oftensar:
    1. first/third-personsingularpresentsubjunctive
    2. third-personsingularimperative
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