Abbreviation oftert-(“tertiary”).
t-
- (organic chemistry)tertiary form
- n-(normal form)
- s-(secondary form)
t-
- Used together with the suffix-í to createfeminineagent nouns.
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015)L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page118
t- (personal, nominative case)
- (before a vowel)Alternative form ofet
Emilian personal pronouns (weak forms)
- IPA(key): /t̪ˠ/(beforea,á,o,ó,u,ú and where it replaces/sˠ/)
- IPA(key): /tʲ/(beforee,é,i,í and where it replaces/ʃ/)
t-
- Marker oft-prothesis
- ant-athair ―the father
- antAthair ―the Father
- Marker oflenition of safter the definite article
- antseachtain ―the week
- antSín ―China
Written with a hyphen before lowercase vowel letters, without a hyphen befores and uppercase vowel letters.
t-
- Alternative form ofil-
- Used after a vowel and before the lettert. For details on usage, see the main lemma.
t-
- cislocative, indicating motion towards the speaker
- Nora Deering, Helga H. Delisle (1976)Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, page105
t- (class A infixed pronoun,triggers lenition)
- you(singular object pronoun)
- do·goa(“s/he chooses”) + t- → dot·goa(“s/he chooses you”)
- ní·ben(“s/he does not strike”) + t- → nít·ben(“s/he does not strike you”)
Old Irish affixed pronounsSee Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used. Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex. |
| person | infixed | suffixed |
|---|
| class A | class B | class C |
|---|
| 1sg | m-L | dom-L,dam-L | -um |
|---|
| 2sg | t-L | dot-L,dat-L,dut-L,dit-L | -ut |
|---|
| 3sgm | a-N,e-N | d-N | id-N,did-N,d-N | -i,-it |
|---|
| 3sgf | s-(N) | da- | -us |
|---|
| 3sgn | a-L,e-L | d-L | id-L,did-L,d-L | -i,-it |
|---|
| 1pl | n- | don-,dun-,dan- | -unn |
|---|
| 2pl | b- | dob-,dub-,dab- | -uib |
|---|
| 3pl | s-(N) | da- | -us |
|---|
L means this form triggers lenition.
N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis)
(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.
- IPA(key): /t̪ʰ/(beforea,à,o,ò,u,ù and where it replaces/s̪/)
- IPA(key): /tʲʰ/(beforee,è,i,ì and where it replaces/ʃ/)
t-
- Marker oft-prothesis
- ant-athair ―the father
- ant-Athair ―the Father
- Marker of lenition of safter the definite article
- ant-seachdain ―the week
- ant-Sìona ―China
FromProto-Cariban[Term?].
t-
- Marks a noun as having a reflexive possessor, referring back to the same entity as another element in the clause.
- Marks a postposition as having a reflexive object, referring back to the same entity as another element in the clause.
- Marks a verb in a verb form that takes series II markers as having a reflexive argument, referring back to the same entity as another element in the clause.
- Marks an unspecified person when obligatorily used with the adverbializers-e,-emje, and-ke, forming circumfixest- -e,t- -emje, andt- -ke.
- Marks a transitive verb as having a third-person patient/object with verb forms that take series II markers for a small group of verbs, namely those whose roots start with a consonantless open syllableü orö.
The formt- is used before vowels. Before aw, or before a syllable beginning with a consonant whose vowel is anything butu ori, the formtü- is used. Before a consonant-initial syllable whose vowel isu,i, or sometimes evene, the form of the prefix changes to match the vowel of the next syllable:tu-,ti-,te-.
Ye'kwana personal markers
| pronoun | noun possessor/
series II verb argument | postposition object | series I verb argument |
|---|
| transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent |
|---|
| first person | ewü | y-,∅-,ü-,u-1 | w-,wi- |
|---|
| first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-,kü-,ku-,ki- | k-,kii-,ki-1 |
|---|
| second person | amödö | ö-,öy-/ödh-,o-,oy-/odh-,a-,ay-/adh- | m-,mi- |
|---|
| first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/dh-,ch-,∅-,i-1 | chö- | ∅- | n-,ni- |
|---|
| third person | tüwü | n-,ni- |
|---|
| distant past third person | — | kün-,kun-,kin-,ken-,küm-,kum-,kim-,kini- |
|---|
| coreferential/reflexive | — | t-,tü-,tu-,ti-,te- | — |
|---|
| reciprocal | — | — | öö- |
|---|
- With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.
|
| series I verb argument:
transitive agent and transitive patient |
|---|
| first person > second person | mön-,man-,mon-,möm-,möni- |
|---|
| first person dual exclusive > second person |
|---|
| second person > first person | k-,kü-,ku-,ki- |
|---|
| second person > first person dual exclusive |
|---|
| third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |
|---|
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “t-”, inGrammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[2], Lyon, pages127–128, 150–155, 174, 192–194, 198–199
