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sub-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:sub,sub.,and␚

English

Etymology

FromLatinsub(“under”).Doublet ofhypo-.

Pronunciation

enPR:sŭb,IPA^(key): /sʌb/
- Audio(US): (file)

Prefix

sub-

under,beneath
subterranean
submarine
subsidiary,secondary
subplot
almost,nearly
subconical
subequatorial

Usage notes

In Latin, the following sound changes affected "sub-" and cause English borrowings from Latin which contain this prefix to have different forms. Words formed in English using the prefix "sub-" do not exhibit these sound changes. (Combination with 's' involvedelision and the other changes involvedassimilation.)

sub + c = suc- (hencesuccession, fromLatinsuccessiō; but e.g.subculture formed in English fromsub- +culture)
sub + p = sup- (support, butsubpage)
sub + c, p or t = sus- (susceptible,suspend,sustain, butsubtitle)
sub + g = sug- (suggestion, butsubgroup)
sub + r = sur- (surrogate, butsubroutine)
sub + f = suf- (suffer, butsubfield)
sub + s(p) = su- (suspect,suspire butsubset,subspecies)

Synonyms

(under):under-,hypo-,infra-
(almost):pene-,quasi-

Antonyms

super-

Derived terms

English terms prefixed with sub-

subadiabaticity

subadministration

subadministrative

subadministrator

subagglutinating

subantihypertensive

subantimicrobial

subarchesporial

subarchitectural

subarchitecture

subarctometatarsus

Translations

under, beneath

Armenian:ենթա-(entʻa-),ստոր-(stor-)
Breton:is- (br)
Catalan:sub- (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin:亞 /亚 (zh)(yà),子 (zh)(zǐ)
Czech:sub- (cs),pod-
Dutch:sub- (nl),onder-
Finnish:ala- (fi),ali- (fi)
French:sous- (fr),sub- (fr)
Galician:sub- (gl)
German:unter- (de),sub- (de)
Greek:υπο- (el)(ypo-)
Hebrew:תַּת־ (he)(tat-)
Hungarian:szub-
Ido:sub-
Italian:sotto- (it),sub- (it)
Malay:sub- (ms)
Moroccan Amazigh:ⴰⴷⵓ- m(adu-),ⵜⴰⴷⵓ- f(tadu-),ⵉⴷⵓ- m pl(idu-),ⵜⵉⴷⵓ-(tidu-)
Norwegian:
Bokmål:under-
Nynorsk:under-
Old English:under-
Persian:زیرـ(zir-)
Portuguese:sub- (pt),so- (pt)
Russian:под- (ru)(pod-),суб- (ru)(sub-)
Scottish Gaelic:fo-,frith-
Spanish:sub- (es)
Swedish:under- (sv)
Welsh:is-

subsidiary, secondary

Breton:eil- (br),bes- (br)
Chinese:
Mandarin:副 (zh)(fù)
Dutch:deel-
Esperanto:sub-
Finnish:ala- (fi),ali- (fi)
Galician:sub- (gl)
Greek:υπο- (el)(ypo-),παρα- (el)(para-)
Norwegian:
Bokmål:under-
Nynorsk:under-
Old English:under-
Persian:زیرـ(zir-)
Portuguese:sub- (pt)
Spanish:sub- (es)
Welsh:is-

almost, nearly

Chinese:
Mandarin:類 /类 (zh)(lèi),近 (zh)(jìn)
Finnish:ala- (fi),ali- (fi)
Japanese:亜 (ja)(a)
Welsh:is-

References

^http://www.affixes.org/s/sub-.html

Further reading

“sub-”, inOneLook Dictionary Search.
John A. Simpson andEdmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “sub-”, inThe Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford:Clarendon Press,→ISBN.

Anagrams

Bus.,SBU,UBS,USB,bus,bus.

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed fromLatinsub.

Prefix

sub-

sub-

Derived terms

Catalan terms prefixed with sub-

Further reading

“sub-” inDiccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició,Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
“sub-”, inGran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana,Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana,2025
“sub-” inDiccionari normatiu valencià,Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
“sub-” inDiccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Czech

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sub ]

Prefix

sub-

sub-
Synonym:pod-
‎sub- + ‎optimální → ‎suboptimální

Derived terms

Czech terms prefixed with sub-

Further reading

“sub-”, inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech),1960–1971, 1989
sub- inSlovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Dutch

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Prefix

sub-

sub-

Derived terms

Dutch terms prefixed with sub-

French

Etymology

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /syb/,/syp/

Prefix

sub-

sub-

Derived terms

French terms prefixed with sub-

subdélégation

submandibulaire

submétacentrique

submicroscopique

submillimétrique

submoléculaire

Galician

Etymology

Prefix

sub-

sub-

Derived terms

From

Galician terms prefixed with sub-

.

Further reading

“sub-”, inDicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña:Royal Galician Academy,2012–2025

German

Etymology

Ultimately fromLatinsub(“under”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [zʊp]
Audio: (file)

Prefix

sub-

sub-

Derived terms

German terms prefixed with sub-

submikroskopisch

Italian

Alternative forms

sud-(before a letter "d")
sum-(before a letter "m")

Etymology

Prefix

sub-

sub-

Derived terms

Italian terms prefixed with sub-

subcontinentale

submediterraneo

submicroscopico

subpianeggiante

subraffreddamento

subsarcolemmale

Latin

Alternative forms

suc-(beforec)
suf-(beforef)
sug-(beforeg)
sum-(beforem)
sup-(beforep)
sur-(beforer)
su-(beforesp)
sus-(sometimes beforec ort)

Etymology

Fromsub(“under, beneath, below”).

Prefix

sub-

under,sub-
1. Attached toverbs, may denote the position or direction of an action
  ‎sub-(“under, below”) + ‎scrībō(“write”) → ‎subscrībō(“to write underneath, to write below”)
2. Incompounds, may stand forsub in a prepositional phrase
  ‎sub-(“under”) + ‎terra(“earth”) + ‎-āneus(adjective-forming suffix) → ‎subterrāneus(“subterranean, underground”)
  ‎sub-(“under”) + ‎lūna(“moon”) + ‎-āris(adjective-forming suffix) → ‎sublūnāris(“sublunar, sublunary”)
3. Attached toadjectives, creates new adjectives of lesser intensity, having a sense like "somewhat", "slightly", "rather", "-ish"
  ‎sub-(“somewhat”) + ‎amārus(“bitter”) → ‎subamārus(“somewhat bitter, bitterish”)

Derived terms

Latin terms prefixed with sub-

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing fromLatinsub-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sub/
Rhymes:-ub
Syllabification:[please specify syllabification manually]

Prefix

sub-

sub-(under, beneath)
Synonym:pod-
sub-(subsidiary, secondary)
Synonym:pod-
sub-(almost, nearly)
Synonym:pod-

Derived terms

Polish terms prefixed with sub-

Further reading

sub- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Etymology

FromLatinsub-.Doublet ofso-.

Pronunciation

(Brazil)IPA^(key): /ˈsub(i)/
(Portugal)IPA^(key): /ˈsub(ɨ)/

Prefix

sub-

sub-(under, beneath)
Synonym:so-
sub-(subsidiary, secondary)

Derived terms

Portuguese terms prefixed with sub-

subdesenvolvido

submetralhadora

Romanian

Etymology

Seesub, fromLatinsub.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sub/

Prefix

sub-

sub-

Derived terms

Romanian terms prefixed with sub-

subalimentație

subconștiință

subîncrengătură

Spanish

Etymology

Prefix

sub-

sub-
Synonym:so-

Derived terms

Spanish terms prefixed with sub-

subadministrador

subdesarrollado

Further reading

“sub-”, inDiccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8,Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish:Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

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