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spread

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishspreden, fromOld Englishsprǣdan(“to spread, expand”), fromProto-Germanic*spraidijaną(“to spread”), fromProto-Indo-European*(s)per-(“to strew, sow, sprinkle”).

Cognate withSaterland Frisianspreede(“to spread”),West Frisianspriede(“to spread”),North Frisianspriedjen(“to spread”),Dutchspreiden(“to spread”),Low Germanspreden(“to spread”),Germanspreiten(“to spread, spread out”),Norwegianspre,spreie(“to spread, disseminate”),Swedishsprida(“to spread”),Latinspernō,spargō,Ancient Greekσπείρω(speírō),Persianسپردن(sepordan,“to deposit”),Englishspurn.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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spread (third-person singular simple presentspreads,present participlespreading,simple past and past participlespread)

  1. (transitive) Tostretch out,open out (a material etc.) so that it more fully covers a given area of space.[from 13th c.]
    Hespread his newspaper on the table.
  2. (transitive) Toextend (individual rays, limbs etc.); tostretch out in varying or opposing directions.[from 13th c.]simplepast andpastparticiple ofspread
    Ispread my arms wide and welcomed him home.
  3. (transitive) Todisperse, toscatter or distribute over a given area.[from 13th c.]
    Ispread the rice grains evenly over the floor.
  4. (intransitive) Toproliferate; to become more widely present, to bedisseminated.[from 13th c.]
    • 2013 July 20, “Old soldiers?”, inThe Economist, volume408, number8845:
      Whether modern, industrial man is less or more warlike than his hunter-gatherer ancestors is impossible to determine.[…]One thing that is true, though, is that murder rates have fallen over the centuries, as policing hasspread and the routine carrying of weapons has diminished. Modern society may not have done anything about war. But peace is a lot more peaceful.
    • 2018, Pál Fodor,The Business of State. Ottoman Finance Administration and Ruling Elites in Transition (1580s–1615) (Studien zur Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur der Turkvölker;28), Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag × De Gruyter, published2020,→DOI,→ISBN, page50:
      As the Erzurum affair indicated, the janissaries in the provinces and in the capital city were in close touch, and thus the movements were quick tospread to Istanbul.
    • 2018 June 25, L.P. Dover,Going for the Hole‎[1], Books by L.P. Dover, LLC:
      I placed my hands on his cheeks, and this time, I kissed him. “Don't worry, I'm not going to let anything spoil our day. It's just you and me.” A sad smilespread across his face, and I could tell he wanted to believe me, but didn't.
  5. (transitive) Todisseminate; to cause toproliferate, to make (something) widely known or present.[from 14th c.]
    The missionaries quicklyspread their new message across the country.
  6. (intransitive) To take up a larger area or space; toexpand, be extended.[from 14th c.]
    I dropped my glass; the waterspread quickly over the tiled floor.
  7. (transitive) Tosmear, to distribute in a thin layer.[from 16th c.]
    She liked tospread butter on her toast while it was still hot.
  8. (transitive) Tocover (something) with a thin layer of some substance, as of butter.[from 16th c.]
    He alwaysspreads his toast with peanut butter and strawberry jam.
  9. To prepare; to set and furnish with provisions.
    tospread a table
    • 1859,Alfred Tennyson, “Enid”, inIdylls of the King, London:Edward Moxon & Co., […],→OCLC,page21:
      And Enid brought sweet cakes to make them cheer, / And in her veil enfolded, manchet bread. / And then, because their hall must also serve / For kitchen, boil'd the flesh, andspread the board, / And stood behind, and waited on the three.
  10. (intransitive, slang) To open one’slegs, especially forsexual favours.[from 20th c.]
    • 1984,Martin Amis,Money:
      This often sounds like the rap of a demented DJ: the way she moves has got to be good news, can't get loose till I feel the juice— suck andspread, bitch, yeah bounce for me baby.
    • 1991,Tori Amos,Me and a Gun:
      Yes I wore a slinky red thing. Does that mean I shouldspread for you, your friends, your father, Mr Ed?
    • 2003,Outkast, "Spread" (from the albumSpeakerboxxx/The Love Below):
      I don't want to move too fast, but / Can't resist your sexy ass / Justspread,spread for me; / (I can't, I can't wait to get you home)
Synonyms
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The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. For synonyms and antonyms you may use the templates{{syn|en|...}} or{{ant|en|...}}.
Translations
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to stretch out, expand
to extend, stretch out (limbs etc)
to disperse, scatter
to smear, distribute in a thin layer
(intransitive) to proliferate, to become more widely present, to be disseminated
(transitive) to disseminate, make known or present
(intransitive) to take up a larger area, expand
to open one's legs especially for sexual favours
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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spread (countable anduncountable,pluralspreads)

  1. The act ofspreading.
    • 1627 (indicated as1626),Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, inSylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […];[p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […],→OCLC:
      No flower hath that kind ofspread that the woodbine hath.
  2. Something that has been spread.
  3. (cartomancy) A layout, pattern or design of cards arranged for a reading.
  4. Anexpanse ofland.
    • November 29, 1712, Andrew Freeport, a letter toThe Spectator
      I have got a finespread of improvable lands.
  5. A large tract of land used to raise livestock; a cattle ranch.
    • 2005,Brokeback Mountain (film), 00:11:50:
      - Can't wait till I get my ownspread and won't have to put up with Joe Aguirre's crap no more.
      - I'm savin' for a place myself.
  6. A piece ofmaterial used as acover (such as abedspread).
    • 1975, Douglas Matthews, Suzanne Wymelenberg, Susan Cheever Cowley,Secondhand is Better, page166:
      Linen shawls andspreads show up in secondhand clothing stores like those in the row on St. Marks Place in New York City.
  7. A largemeal, especially one laid out on a table.
  8. (bread, etc.) Any form offood designed to bespread, such asbutters orjams.
    • 1958 May, Avram Davidson, “Or All The Seas With Oysters”, inGalaxy Science Fiction‎[2]:
      Ferd liked to experiment with sandwichspreads ― the one he liked most was cream-cheese, olives, anchovy and avocado, mashed up with a little mayonnaise ― but Oscar always had the same pink luncheon-meat.
  9. (military) A set of multipletorpedoeslaunched onside-by-side,slowly-divergingpaths toward one or moreenemyships.
    • 2019 February 27, Drachinifel, 18:01 from the start, inThe Battle of Samar - Odds? What are those?‎[3], archived fromthe original on3 November 2022:
      Johnston, meanwhile, has managed to get within five miles of its target, and fires a fullspread of ten torpedoes. Minutes later, at least two, possibly three, tear the bow off the hapless cruiserKumano. First blood, unbelievably, therefore, goes to the Americans.
  10. (prisonslang, uncountable)Foodimprovised byinmates from various ingredients to relieve thetedium of prison food.
    Synonym:swole
  11. Anitem in anewspaper ormagazine that occupies more than one column or page.
  12. Two facingpages in a book, newspaper etc.
  13. Anumericaldifference.
  14. (statistics) A measure of how far the data tend to deviate from the average.
    Thespread is usually measured using standard deviation and variance.
  15. (business, economics) Thedifference between thewholesale andretail prices.
  16. (trading, economics, finance) Thedifference between theprice of afutures month and the price of another month of the samecommodity.
  17. (trading, finance) Thepurchase of afutures contract of one delivery month against the sale of another futures delivery month of the samecommodity.
  18. (trading, finance) Thepurchase of one delivery month of onecommodity against the sale of that same delivery month of a different commodity.
  19. (trading) Anarbitrage transaction of the same commodity in two markets, executed to take advantage of aprofit from price discrepancies.
  20. (trading) The difference betweenbidding andasking price.
  21. (finance) Thedifference between the prices of two similar items.
  22. (geometry) An unlimited expanse ofdiscontinuouspoints.
  23. Thesurface inproportion to thedepth of acutgemstone.
  24. Excessive width of thetrails ofinkwritten on overlyabsorbentpaper.
  25. (gambling) The difference between the teams' final scores at the end of asport match.
    • 2015 April 10, John Paul Rollert, “Vegas Odds”, inHarper's Magazine‎[4], New York, N.Y.: Harper's Magazine Foundation,→ISSN,→OCLC, archived fromthe original on2022-01-20:
      College basketball games don't lack for gambling propositions—the moneyline, a straightforward wager on which team will win; the over-under gamble on the total number of points scored by both teams—but the most popular wager is thespread. Thespread represents the predicted difference between the two teams in the final score of the game.
Synonyms
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Translations
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act of spreading
something that has been spread
expanse of land
large tract of land used to raise livestock
piece of material used as a cover
large meal, especially one laid out on a table
food designed to be spread
item in a newspaper or magazine that occupies more than one column or page
two facing pages
numerical difference
difference between the wholesale and retail prices
finance: difference between the price of a futures month and the price of another month of the same commodity
finance: purchase of a futures contract of one delivery month against the sale of another futures delivery month of the same commodity
finance: purchase of one delivery month of one commodity against the sale of that same delivery month of a different commodity
arbitrage transaction—seearbitrage
trading: difference between bid price and asking price
finance: difference between the prices of two similar items
geometry: unlimited expanse of discontinuous points
surface in proportion to the depth of a cut gemstone

Derived terms

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all parts of speech

Etymology 2

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Blend ofspeed +‎read.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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spread (third-person singular simple presentspreads,present participlespreading,simple past and past participlespread)

  2. (intransitive, transitive, debating slang) Tospeedread; torecite one'sarguments at an extremely fast pace.
    • 2022 July 8, u/chromantical, “spreading is cringe and should be stopped”, inReddit‎[5], r/Debate, archived fromthe original on17 December 2023:
      You're assuming that if someonespreads they aren't a good orator. That's flawed logic.
    • 2022 September, Tess McNulty, “Both Sides Now”, inHarper's Magazine‎[6], New York, N.Y.: Harper's Magazine Foundation,→ISSN,→OCLC, archived fromthe original on2023-03-23:
      In my first year on the circuit, I learned tospread and did decently well. I won most of my rounds, not that I could tell you how I did it.

Noun

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spread (pluralspreads)

  1. (debating slang) An act or instance of spreading(speedreading).
    • 2017 September 26, Jack McCordick, “The Corrosion of High School Debate—And How It Mirrors American Politics”, inAmerica‎[7], New York, N.Y.: America Press Inc.,→ISSN,→OCLC, archived fromthe original on2023-06-21:
      If debate is a game, then the execution of a "spread" is like a well-timed blitz in football. Convincing a judge that your opponents' arguments would cause human extinction is equivalent to a successful Hail Mary pass.
    • 2023 February 27, u/Objective-Sugar8720, “Bad tournament, how do I cope?”, inReddit‎[8], r/Debate, archived fromthe original on17 December 2023:
      It's one L ur chillin just keep practicing read the ballets figure what you did wrong and practice with improvements in mind, get better atspreads and k theory debates.

Related terms

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Italian

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishspread.Doublet ofspargere.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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spread m (invariable)

  1. (trading, finance) the difference betweenreturns or betweenquotations of multiplesecurities or of the same security over the course of a day
  2. acontract awarding which offers thebuyer the widest range ofbargaining possibilities

Anagrams

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Portuguese

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishspread.Doublet ofespargir.

Noun

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spread m (pluralspreads)

  1. (business, economics)spread(the difference between the wholesale and retail prices)
  2. (finance, economics)difference between theinterest rate abank charges to aclient and the interest rate it pays
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