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sortie

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Sortie

English

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WOTD – 10 July 2022

Etymology

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PIE word
*upó
AHawker Hurricane Mark Ifighter plane ofNo. 85 Squadron,Royal Air Force, atDebden inEssex,England, U.K., about totake off on anight sortie(sense 1.2) tointerceptenemyaircraft on 14 March 1941.

Thenoun is borrowed fromFrenchsortie(act of exiting; exit, way out; (military) sally, sortie), thefemininepastparticiple ofsortir(to exit, go out),[1] fromOld Frenchsortir, fromLatinsortīrī, thepresentactiveinfinitive ofsortior(to cast or draw lots; to choose, select; to distribute, divide; to obtain, receive; to share), fromsors(something used to determine chances, a lot; casting or drawing of lots; decision by lot; a share) (ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*ser-(to bind, tie together; a thread)), possibly influenced bysurrēctus(arisen, having been caused to arise; gotten up, having been gotten up), theperfectpassive participle ofsurgō(to arise, get up, rise), fromsubrigō(to lift up; to straighten), fromsub-(prefix meaning ‘beneath, under’) +regō(to direct, guide, steer; to govern, rule; to manage, oversee) (ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*h₃reǵ-(to right oneself, straighten; just; right)).

Theverb is derived from the noun.[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sortie (pluralsorties)

  1. (military, also attributively and figuratively)
    1. Anattackmade bytroops from abesiegedposition; asally.
      • 1827,John T[homas] Jones, “[Notes.] Note 35[Observations on the Several Sorties Made by the Garrisons of the Places Besieged in Spain].”, inJournals of Sieges Carried on by the Army under theDuke of Wellington, in Spain, between the Years 1811 and 1814. [], volume II, London: [] [C. Roworth] forT[homas] Egerton, [],→OCLC,page369:
        The events of these sieges show that a bold and vigoroussortie in force might carry destruction through every part of a besieger's approaches, where the guard is injudiciously disposed and ill commanded; but that if due precautions have been observed in forming the approaches and posting the defenders, anysortie from a besieged place must be checked with loss in their advance, when the approaches are still distant; or when the approaches are near, should asortie succeed in pushing into them by a sudden rush, the assailants must inevitably be driven out again in a moment, with terrible slaughter.
    2. (aviation) Anoperationalflightcarried out by asinglemilitaryaircraft.
      • 2019 May 8, Aron Heller, “These Jewish World War II Veterans Would Be Legends, if People Knew Their Stories”, inThe New York Times[1],→ISSN:
        Their aircraft had no belly gunners and were at the mercy of Luftwaffe fighters that attacked from below. Whenever they lifted off on a mission, they departed with the knowledge that thissortie could easily be their last.
      • 2022 March 22, Maria Varenikova, Andrew E. Kramer, “How Ukraine’s Outgunned Air Force Is Fighting Back Against Russian Jets”, inThe New York Times[2],→ISSN:
        They are vastly outnumbered: Russia is believed to fly some 200sorties per day while Ukraine flies five to 10.
  2. (by extension)
    1. Anact ofventuring out todo atask, etc.
      • 2007 April 14, Ed Vulliamy, “Absolute MacInnes”, inThe Guardian[3]:
        ‘I'm just not interested in the whole class crap that seems to needle you and all the tax-payers,’ the teenager tells some ‘pre-historic monster’ of an adult, with a ‘cool’ snobbishness which MacInnes's companion on many of his Notting Hillsorties, the late Professor Richard Wollheim, compared to the ‘Sang Froid’ of Baudelaire's Dandy as he cruised through Fin-de-Siecle Paris with a similar sensibility, or lack of it.
      • 2019 July 8,Jeff Foust, “NASA’s Lunar Space Station Is a Great/Terrible Idea”, inIEEE Spectrum[4], New York, N.Y.:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,→ISSN,→OCLC, archived fromthe original on28 November 2021:
        Finally, the astronauts will descend to the lunar surface. After theirsortie on the moon, they'll return to the orbital station.
    2. (figuratively)
      1. An act oftrying toenter anewfield ofactivity.
      2. (sports) Anattackingmove.
        • 1998, David Potter, Tom Campbell,Jock Stein: The Celtic Years[5], Edinburgh:Mainstream Publishing, published2005,→ISBN:
          Kai Johansen made asortie down the right and, running out of ideas, tried a shot from more than 20 yards.
    3. (astronautics) An operational flight carried out by aspacecraftinvolving areturn toEarth.
    4. (military)Synonym ofsally port(anentry to oropening into afortification toenable asally)
      • 1848, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], chapter VII, inHarold, the Last of the Saxon Kings; [], volume III, London:Richard Bentley, [],→OCLC, book XII (The Field of Hastings),pages331–332:
        [I]t was all encompassed by the palisades and breastworks, to which were but threesorties, whence the defenders might sally, or through which at need the vanguard might secure a retreat.
    5. (photography) Aseries ofaerialphotographstaken during the flight of an aircraft;(by extension) aphotographysession.

Hyponyms

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Translations

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attack made by troops from a besieged positionseesally
operational flight carried out by a single military aircraft
act of venturing out to do a task, etc.
act of trying to enter a new field of activity
(sports) attacking move
operational flight carried out by a spacecraft involving a return to Earth
synonym of sally portseesally port
series of aerial photographs taken during the flight of an aircraft
photography session
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

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  • scramble(emergency defensive air force mission to intercept attacking enemy aircraft)

Verb

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sortie (third-person singular simple presentsorties,present participlesortyingorsortieing,simple past and past participlesortied)

  1. (intransitive) Tocarry out asortie; tosally.
    • 1987, Christopher Shores, Brian Cull, with Nicola Malizia, “The Battles of Spring”, inAir War for Yugoslavia, Greece and Crete 1940–41, London: Grub Street,→ISBN,pages99–100:
      Five Italian warships identified as two cruisers and three destroyers,sortied down the Albanian coast during the morning of 4 March and commenced shelling the coastal road nearHimara and Port Palermo, under cover of a strong fighter escort of G.50bis and CR 42s from the 24º Gruppo CT.

Derived terms

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Translations

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to carry out a sortiesee alsosally

References

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  1. ^sortie,n.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required, Oxford:Oxford University Press, December 2021;sortie,n.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
  2. ^sortie,v.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required, Oxford:Oxford University Press, December 2020;sortie,v.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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French

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Etymology

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Feminine past participle ofsortir; fromLatinsortīrī(cast lots, divide, receive), possibly influenced by a derivative ofsurgō(get up, arise). CompareItaliansortire(produce).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sortie f (pluralsorties)

  1. exit,way out
    Antonym:entrée
  2. act ofexiting
  3. end; final part of
  4. release(of a film, book, album etc)
    Synonyms:édition,parution
  5. (school)outing,trip(lasting no longer than a day)
  6. (military)leave,sally,sortie
  7. (electronics)output,connector
    Synonym:prise

Usage notes

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The meaning "end, release" is used of things such as school, theater etc. where a literal "exit" also occurs.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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See also

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Participle

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sortie sg

  1. femininesingular ofsorti

Further reading

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Anagrams

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