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sie

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Appendix:Variations of "sie"

English

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishsien, fromOld Englishsīgan(“to sink, descend”), fromProto-Germanic*sīganą,*sīhwaną(“to strain, drop”), fromProto-Indo-European*seyk-(“to pour, strain”). Cognate withDutchzijgen(“to filter”),Germanseihen(“to strain, sieve”),Icelandicsíga(“to lower”).

Alternative forms

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sigh
sey,sye(Scotland)

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /saɪ/
Audio(Southern England): (file)
Rhymes:-aɪ
Homophones:sigh,sai,psi,xi,scye,Si,Sy,Cy

Verb

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sie (third-person singular simple presentsies,present participlesying,simple past and past participlesied)

(intransitive) Tosink;fall;drop.
(intransitive) To fall, as in aswoon;faint.
(intransitive, dialectal) To drop, as water;trickle.
(transitive) Tosift.
(transitive, dialectal) Tostrain, as milk;filter.

Noun

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sie (pluralsies)

Adrop.

sie (third person singular,gender-neutral, nominative case,accusativesir,possessive adjectivehir,possessive nounhirs,reflexivehirself)

(rare, nonstandard)Gender-neutral subject pronoun, grammatically equivalent to the gendered pronounshe andshe
- 1993 September 24, Alex Martelli, “punishment vs ethics (was Re: Discipline my daughters)”, inalt.sex.bondage (Usenet):
  If the child is about the intellectual equal of the parent,sie will eventually start holding hir own in discussions,[…]
- 2010 September 16, Jessica Freely,Amaranth and Ash‎^[1], La Vergne: Lightning Source,→ISBN, page101:
  "You must be Ash,"sie said, hir voice a shade deeper than Amaranth's.
- 2011 May 19, Ken Wickham,The Other Genders: Androgyne, Genderqueer, Non-Binary Gender Variant‎^[2], CreateSpace,→ISBN, page 7:
  Sie may feel that hir actual identity of hir gender is supposed to be both/neither male or female, outside of gender, third gender, beyond gender, absence of gender, mixing gender, changing gender, or all genders.
- 2011 August 16, Petra Kuppers,Disability Culture and Community Performance: Find a Strange and Twisted Shape‎^[3], New York: Palgrave Macmillan,→ISBN,→LCCN,LCC PN1590.H36 K87 2011, page18:
  When I asked hir about hir preferred self-identification in this scene,sie offered me this language, 'sie sharply performs the hotness of teasing all the audience from the edge-space ofandrogyny.'

Alternative forms

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Synonyms

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seeAppendix:English third-person singular pronouns

Anagrams

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-ies,-ise,EIS,EIs,ESI,I'se,ISE,ies,sei

Chibcha

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Noun

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sie

water

References

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Comparative Chibchan Phonology (1981)

Finnish

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Etymology

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Dialectal variant ofsinä (throughsiä); see it and its etymon,Proto-Finnic*cinä, for more.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈsie̯/,[ˈs̠ie̞̯]
Rhymes:-ie
Hyphenation^(key):sie

Pronoun

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sie (stemsiu-)(dialectal)

(personal)you(second-person singular personal pronoun)

Usage notes

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Thesiu- stem is used in eastern Finland, not in Lapland.

Synonyms

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sinä(standard Finnish; see it for full list)

Anagrams

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eis,esi-,ies,sei

German

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Alternative forms

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se,-se(enclitic; colloquial)

Pronunciation

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(standard)IPA^(key): /ziː/

Audio: (file)
Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-iː

(colloquially in unstressed position)IPA^(key): /zə/

Etymology 1

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FromMiddle High Germansiu,si, fromOld High Germansiu,si, fromProto-West Germanic*si(j)u,*sī, fromProto-Germanic*sī (seeProto-Germanic*iz). Cognate withGothic𐍃𐌹(si) andOld Englishsēo(“that one (f.)”).

Pronoun

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sie f

she
Istsie noch krank? (
Audio: (file)
)
Isshe still sick?
Das ist meine Katze.Sie heißt Lili. (
Audio: (file)
)
This is my cat.Her name is Lili.
Ich suche Vanessa. Hast dusie gesehen? (
Audio: (file)
)
I'm looking for Vanessa. Have you seenher?
it (when the object/article/thing/animal etc., referred to, is feminine [die])
Scheint die Sonne noch? Nein,sie ist schon untergegangen. (
Audio: (file)
)
Is the sun still shining? No,it has already gone down.
Ich suche meine Brieftasche. Hast dusie gesehen? (
Audio: (file)
)
I'm looking for my wallet. Have you seenit?
he (when the grammatical gender of the noun being referred to and designating a male person, is feminine [die])
Die Geisel Richard Meier versuchte, sich zu befreien, abersie schaffte es nicht.
The hostage Richard Meier tried to break free, buthe didn’t succeed.
Die Wache Michael Müller beschädigte ihr Gewehr, wofür ihr Vorgesetztersie bestrafte.
The guardsman Michael Müller damaged his rifle, and his supervisor punishedhim for that.

Declension

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German personal pronouns
	singular					plural			sing. and pl.
	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person			1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person	2nd person polite/formal
	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	m	f	n	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person	2nd person polite/formal
nominative	ich	du -e²	er	sie -se²	es	wir	ihr	sie -se²	Sie Ihr³
genitive	meiner mein³	deiner dein³	seiner sein³	ihrer	seiner sein³	unser	euer	ihrer	Ihrer Euer³
dative	mir	dir	ihm	ihr	ihm	uns	euch	ihnen	Ihnen Euch³
accusative	mich	dich	ihn	sie -se²	es	uns	euch	sie -se²	Sie Euch³

¹These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters. ²enclitic,colloquial ³archaic

The genitive caseihrer is more and more rarely used in modern German.
While the genitive of personal pronouns does express ownership, it must not be confused with possessive pronouns. While possessive pronouns such asihr are put in front of the noun they relate to and follow the inflection rules of adjectives, the genitive form of personal pronouns has only one form, which is not further inflected. Additionally, personal pronouns in the genitive can be put after the word they relate to.

Related terms

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hatse (hat +-se)

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle High Germansie,si (neutersiu), fromOld High Germansie (masculine plural),sio (feminine plural),siu (neuter plural).

Pronoun

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sie pl

they;them

Usage notes

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In the colloquial speech of some areas, this pronoun is used only enclitically after a verb, as an ending /zə/. E.g.hamse,könnse. Stressed instances are replaced with the demonstrative pronoundie. This reflects a similar development fores/das.
While the genitive of personal pronouns does express ownership, it must not be confused with possessive pronouns. While possessive pronouns such asihr are put in front of the noun they relate to and follow the inflection rules of adjectives, the genitive form of a personal pronoun has only one form, which is not further inflected. Additionally, personal pronouns in the genitive can be put after the word they relate to.

Declension

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German personal pronouns
	singular					plural			sing. and pl.
	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person			1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person	2nd person polite/formal
	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	m	f	n	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person	2nd person polite/formal
nominative	ich	du -e²	er	sie -se²	es	wir	ihr	sie -se²	Sie Ihr³
genitive	meiner mein³	deiner dein³	seiner sein³	ihrer	seiner sein³	unser	euer	ihrer	Ihrer Euer³
dative	mir	dir	ihm	ihr	ihm	uns	euch	ihnen	Ihnen Euch³
accusative	mich	dich	ihn	sie -se²	es	uns	euch	sie -se²	Sie Euch³

¹These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters. ²enclitic,colloquial ³archaic

Anagrams

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Hunsrik

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Alternative forms

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sii (Wiesemann spelling system)

Etymology 1

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FromOld High Germansiu; cognate withGothic𐍃𐌹(si) andOld Englishsēo(“that one (f.)”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /siː/

Pronoun

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sie

Inflection

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Hunsrik personal pronouns
			nominative		accusative		dative
			proclitic	enclitic	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed
singular	1st person		ich eich	-ich	mich meich		meer	mer m'r
	2nd person (informal)		du dau/Dau	-du,-de -Dau,-De	dich deich/Deich		deer	der d'r/D'r
	3rd person	m	er;där	-er	ihn	en	ihm	em
		f	sie;die	-se	sie /ihns	se	eer ehr	re
		n	es;das et,'t	's	es et	-et,-'t	ihm	em
plural	1st person		meer	mer	uns uhs
	2nd person		deer Ehr,Dehr	der	eich Auch
	3rd person		sie;die	-se	sie	se	denne

Etymology 2

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FromOld High Germansie (masculine plural),sio (feminine plural),siu (neuter plural).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /siː/

Pronoun

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sie

they

Inflection

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Hunsrik personal pronouns
			nominative		accusative		dative
			proclitic	enclitic	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed
singular	1st person		ich eich	-ich	mich meich		meer	mer m'r
	2nd person (informal)		du dau/Dau	-du,-de -Dau,-De	dich deich/Deich		deer	der d'r/D'r
	3rd person	m	er;där	-er	ihn	en	ihm	em
		f	sie;die	-se	sie /ihns	se	eer ehr	re
		n	es;das et,'t	's	es et	-et,-'t	ihm	em
plural	1st person		meer	mer	uns uhs
	2nd person		deer Ehr,Dehr	der	eich Auch
	3rd person		sie;die	-se	sie	se	denne

Ingrian

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Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*sidek, equivalent tosittoa(“to bind”) +‎-e. Cognates includeFinnishside andEstonianside.

Pronunciation

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(Ala-Laukaa)IPA^(key): /ˈsie/,[ˈs̠ie̞]
(Soikkola)IPA^(key): /ˈsie/,[ˈʃie̞]
Rhymes:-ie
Hyphenation:si‧e

Noun

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sie

Declension

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Declension ofsie (type 6/lähe, t- gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	sie	sitteet
genitive	sitteen	sittein
partitive	siettä	sitteitä
illative	sitteesse	sitteisse
inessive	sittees	sitteis
elative	sitteest	sitteist
allative	sitteelle	sitteille
adessive	sitteel	sitteil
ablative	sitteelt	sitteilt
translative	sitteeks	sitteiks
essive	sitteennä,sitteen	sitteinnä,sittein
exessive¹⁾	sitteent	sitteint
¹⁾ obsolete ^) theaccusative corresponds with either thegenitive (sg) ornominative (pl) ^*) thecomitative is formed by adding the suffix-ka^? or-kä^? to thegenitive.

References

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Ruben E. Nirvi (1971)Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page523

Iu Mien

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Etymology

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FromProto-Hmong-Mien*tsʰje(“hungry”). Cognate withWhite Hmongtshaib andWestern Xiangxi Miao [Fenghuang]xib.

Adjective

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sie

hungry

Karelian

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Pronoun

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sie

Superseded spelling ofšie.

References

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P. M. Zaykov (1999)Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)],→ISBN, page58

Kven

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Etymology

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FromFinnishsinä, fromProto-Finnic*cinä, fromProto-Uralic*tinä.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈsie̯/

Pronoun

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sie

thou,you (singular)

Declension

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Declension ofsie

	singular	plural
nominative	sie	tet
genitive	sinun	teiđän,teän
partitive	sinnuu,sinua	teitä
accusative	sinun	teiđät,teät
illative	sinhuun	teihin
inessive	sinussa	teissä
elative	sinusta	teistä
allative	sinule,sinulet, sulle,sullet	teile,teilet
adessive	sinula,sulla	teilä
ablative	sinulta,sulta	teiltä
translative	sinuna	teinä
essive	sinuksi	teiksi
abessive	sinutta	teittä

	first	second	thirdanim	thirdanim or inan
singular	mie	sie	hän	se
plural	met	tet	het	net

References

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Eira Söderholm (2017)Kvensk grammatikk‎^[4], Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk,→ISBN, page276

Middle Dutch

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /siə/,/si/

Pronoun

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sie

Alternative form ofsi(both feminine singular and all plural)

Middle High German

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Etymology 1

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Old High Germansie (masculine plural),sio (feminine plural).

Alternative forms

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sî,si

Pronoun

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sie m pl or f pl

Inflection

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Middle High German personal pronouns
			nominative	genitive	dative	accusative
singular	first person		ich	mīn	mir	mich
	second person		du,dū	dīn	dir	dich
	third person	m	ër CGhë(r)	sīn	im(e)	in
		f	siu	ir(e)	ir(e)	sie
		n	ëȥ CGiȥ,it	es	im(e)	ëȥ CGiȥ,it
plural	first person		wir	unser	uns	uns,unsich
	second person		ir	iuwer	iu,iuch	iuch
	third person	m	sie	ir(e)	in	sie
		f	sie			sie
		n	siu			siu

The distinction of the formssiu andsie as shown above is typical of earlierUpper German texts, but was never general. The formssī andsi existed additionally and all four were increasingly used without differentiation.

Descendants

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German:sie

Etymology 2

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Pronoun

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sie

accusative feminine ofsiu

Middle Low German

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Pronunciation

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Stem vowel: ê⁴
- IPA^(key): /siə/,/siɛ/

Pronoun

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sie

Alternative form ofsê.

Old English

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Alternative forms

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sȳ,sīæ,sī,sīo,sēo,sīġ,sȳġ

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /si͜yː/

Verb

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sīe

singular present subjunctive ofwesan
- Laws ofKing Ine
  Ġif hē ealdormonsie, ðolie his sċire, būton him kyning arian wille
  If heis an alderman, he shall lose his shire, unless the king wishes to pardon him.

Old Saxon

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Alternative forms

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Pronoun

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sie m or f

she (accusative)
they

Declension

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Old Saxon personal pronouns
			nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
singular	1st person		ik	mī,me,mik	mī	mīn
	2nd person		thū	thī,thik	thī	thīn
	3rd person	m	hē	ina	imu	is
		f	siu	sia	iru	ira
		n	it		it	is

dual	1st person		wit	unk		unkero,unka
dual	2nd person		git	ink		inker,inka

plural	1st person		wī,we	ūs,unsik	ūs	ūser
	2nd person		gī,ge	eu,iu,iuu		euwar,iuwer,iuwar,iuwero,iuwera
	3rd person	m	sia		im	iro
		f	sia
		n	siu

Descendants

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Low German:se

Pennsylvania German

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Etymology 1

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CompareGermansie.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /siː/

Pronoun

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sie f

she,her

Declension

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Pennsylvania German personal pronouns
Number	singular						plural
Person/ Gender	1st	2nd person		3rd person			1st	2nd	3rd
Person/ Gender	1st	familiar	polite/formal	m	f	n	1st	2nd	3rd
nominative	ich	du de¹	dihr der¹ Sie	er	sie se¹	es	mir mer¹	dihr der¹	sie
dative	mir mer¹	dir der¹	eich Ihne Ne¹	ihm em¹	ihre re¹	ihm em¹	uns	eich	ihne ne¹
accusative	mich	dich	eich Sie	ihn en¹	sie se¹	es	uns	eich	sie

¹ unstressed

Etymology 2

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CompareGermansie.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /siː/

Pronoun

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sie

they,them

Declension

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Pennsylvania German personal pronouns
Number	singular						plural
Person/ Gender	1st	2nd person		3rd person			1st	2nd	3rd
Person/ Gender	1st	familiar	polite/formal	m	f	n	1st	2nd	3rd
nominative	ich	du de¹	dihr der¹ Sie	er	sie se¹	es	mir mer¹	dihr der¹	sie
dative	mir mer¹	dir der¹	eich Ihne Ne¹	ihm em¹	ihre re¹	ihm em¹	uns	eich	ihne ne¹
accusative	mich	dich	eich Sie	ihn en¹	sie se¹	es	uns	eich	sie