| positive | negative | |
---|
infinitive | ukusha | ukungashi |
---|
| |
imperative |
---|
| simple | + object concord |
---|
singular | yisha | -she |
---|
plural | yishani | -sheni |
---|
|
present |
---|
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial |
---|
1st singular | ngiyasha,ngisha | engishayo,engisha | ngisha | angishi | engingashi | ngingashi |
---|
2nd singular | uyasha,usha | oshayo,osha | usha | awushi | ongashi | ungashi |
---|
1st plural | siyasha,sisha | esishayo,esisha | sisha | asishi | esingashi | singashi |
---|
2nd plural | niyasha,nisha | enishayo,enisha | nisha | anishi | eningashi | ningashi |
---|
class 1 | uyasha,usha | oshayo,osha | esha | akashi | ongashi | engashi |
---|
class 2 | bayasha,basha | abashayo,abasha | besha | abashi | abangashi | bengashi |
---|
class 3 | uyasha,usha | oshayo,osha | usha | awushi | ongashi | ungashi |
---|
class 4 | iyasha,isha | eshayo,esha | isha | ayishi | engashi | ingashi |
---|
class 5 | liyasha,lisha | elishayo,elisha | lisha | alishi | elingashi | lingashi |
---|
class 6 | ayasha,asha | ashayo,asha | esha | awashi | angashi | engashi |
---|
class 7 | siyasha,sisha | esishayo,esisha | sisha | asishi | esingashi | singashi |
---|
class 8 | ziyasha,zisha | ezishayo,ezisha | zisha | azishi | ezingashi | zingashi |
---|
class 9 | iyasha,isha | eshayo,esha | isha | ayishi | engashi | ingashi |
---|
class 10 | ziyasha,zisha | ezishayo,ezisha | zisha | azishi | ezingashi | zingashi |
---|
class 11 | luyasha,lusha | olushayo,olusha | lusha | alushi | olungashi | lungashi |
---|
class 14 | buyasha,busha | obushayo,obusha | busha | abushi | obungashi | bungashi |
---|
class 15 | kuyasha,kusha | okushayo,okusha | kusha | akushi | okungashi | kungashi |
---|
class 17 | kuyasha,kusha | okushayo,okusha | kusha | akushi | okungashi | kungashi |
---|
|
recent past |
---|
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial |
---|
1st singular | ngishile,ngishē | engishile,engishē | ngishile,ngishē | angishanga | engingashanga | ngingashanga |
---|
2nd singular | ushile,ushē | oshile,oshē | ushile,ushē | awushanga | ongashanga | ungashanga |
---|
1st plural | sishile,sishē | esishile,esishē | sishile,sishē | asishanga | esingashanga | singashanga |
---|
2nd plural | nishile,nishē | enishile,enishē | nishile,nishē | anishanga | eningashanga | ningashanga |
---|
class 1 | ushile,ushē | oshile,oshē | eshile,eshē | akashanga | ongashanga | engashanga |
---|
class 2 | bashile,bashē | abashile,abashē | beshile,beshē | abashanga | abangashanga | bengashanga |
---|
class 3 | ushile,ushē | oshile,oshē | ushile,ushē | awushanga | ongashanga | ungashanga |
---|
class 4 | ishile,ishē | eshile,eshē | ishile,ishē | ayishanga | engashanga | ingashanga |
---|
class 5 | lishile,lishē | elishile,elishē | lishile,lishē | alishanga | elingashanga | lingashanga |
---|
class 6 | ashile,ashē | ashile,ashē | eshile,eshē | awashanga | angashanga | engashanga |
---|
class 7 | sishile,sishē | esishile,esishē | sishile,sishē | asishanga | esingashanga | singashanga |
---|
class 8 | zishile,zishē | ezishile,ezishē | zishile,zishē | azishanga | ezingashanga | zingashanga |
---|
class 9 | ishile,ishē | eshile,eshē | ishile,ishē | ayishanga | engashanga | ingashanga |
---|
class 10 | zishile,zishē | ezishile,ezishē | zishile,zishē | azishanga | ezingashanga | zingashanga |
---|
class 11 | lushile,lushē | olushile,olushē | lushile,lushē | alushanga | olungashanga | lungashanga |
---|
class 14 | bushile,bushē | obushile,obushē | bushile,bushē | abushanga | obungashanga | bungashanga |
---|
class 15 | kushile,kushē | okushile,okushē | kushile,kushē | akushanga | okungashanga | kungashanga |
---|
class 17 | kushile,kushē | okushile,okushē | kushile,kushē | akushanga | okungashanga | kungashanga |
---|
|
remote past |
---|
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial |
---|
1st singular | ngāsha | engāsha | ngāsha | angishanga | engingashanga | ngingashanga |
---|
2nd singular | wāsha | owāsha | wāsha | awushanga | ongashanga | ungashanga |
---|
1st plural | sāsha | esāsha | sāsha | asishanga | esingashanga | singashanga |
---|
2nd plural | nāsha | enāsha | nāsha | anishanga | eningashanga | ningashanga |
---|
class 1 | wāsha | owāsha | āsha | akashanga | ongashanga | engashanga |
---|
class 2 | bāsha | abāsha | bāsha | abashanga | abangashanga | bengashanga |
---|
class 3 | wāsha | owāsha | wāsha | awushanga | ongashanga | ungashanga |
---|
class 4 | yāsha | eyāsha | yāsha | ayishanga | engashanga | ingashanga |
---|
class 5 | lāsha | elāsha | lāsha | alishanga | elingashanga | lingashanga |
---|
class 6 | āsha | āsha | āsha | awashanga | angashanga | engashanga |
---|
class 7 | sāsha | esāsha | sāsha | asishanga | esingashanga | singashanga |
---|
class 8 | zāsha | ezāsha | zāsha | azishanga | ezingashanga | zingashanga |
---|
class 9 | yāsha | eyāsha | yāsha | ayishanga | engashanga | ingashanga |
---|
class 10 | zāsha | ezāsha | zāsha | azishanga | ezingashanga | zingashanga |
---|
class 11 | lwāsha | olwāsha | lwāsha | alushanga | olungashanga | lungashanga |
---|
class 14 | bāsha | obāsha | bāsha | abushanga | obungashanga | bungashanga |
---|
class 15 | kwāsha | okwāsha | kwāsha | akushanga | okungashanga | kungashanga |
---|
class 17 | kwāsha | okwāsha | kwāsha | akushanga | okungashanga | kungashanga |
---|
|
potential |
---|
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial |
---|
1st singular | ngingasha | — | ngingasha | ngingeshe | — | ngingeshe |
---|
2nd singular | ungasha | — | ungasha | ungeshe | — | ungeshe |
---|
1st plural | singasha | — | singasha | singeshe | — | singeshe |
---|
2nd plural | ningasha | — | ningasha | ningeshe | — | ningeshe |
---|
class 1 | angasha | — | engasha | angeshe | — | engeshe |
---|
class 2 | bangasha | — | bengasha | bangeshe | — | bengeshe |
---|
class 3 | ungasha | — | ungasha | ungeshe | — | ungeshe |
---|
class 4 | ingasha | — | ingasha | ingeshe | — | ingeshe |
---|
class 5 | lingasha | — | lingasha | lingeshe | — | lingeshe |
---|
class 6 | angasha | — | engasha | angeshe | — | engeshe |
---|
class 7 | singasha | — | singasha | singeshe | — | singeshe |
---|
class 8 | zingasha | — | zingasha | zingeshe | — | zingeshe |
---|
class 9 | ingasha | — | ingasha | ingeshe | — | ingeshe |
---|
class 10 | zingasha | — | zingasha | zingeshe | — | zingeshe |
---|
class 11 | lungasha | — | lungasha | lungeshe | — | lungeshe |
---|
class 14 | bungasha | — | bungasha | bungeshe | — | bungeshe |
---|
class 15 | kungasha | — | kungasha | kungeshe | — | kungeshe |
---|
class 17 | kungasha | — | kungasha | kungeshe | — | kungeshe |
---|
|
immediate future |
---|
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial |
---|
1st singular | ngizokusha | engizokusha | ngizokusha | angizukusha | engingezukusha | ngingezukusha |
---|
2nd singular | uzokusha | ozokusha | uzokusha | awuzukusha | ongezukusha | ungezukusha |
---|
1st plural | sizokusha | esizokusha | sizokusha | asizukusha | esingezukusha | singezukusha |
---|
2nd plural | nizokusha | enizokusha | nizokusha | anizukusha | eningezukusha | ningezukusha |
---|
class 1 | uzokusha | ozokusha | ezokusha | akazukusha | ongezukusha | engezukusha |
---|
class 2 | bazokusha | abazokusha | bezokusha | abazukusha | abangezukusha | bengezukusha |
---|
class 3 | uzokusha | ozokusha | uzokusha | awuzukusha | ongezukusha | ungezukusha |
---|
class 4 | izokusha | ezokusha | izokusha | ayizukusha | engezukusha | ingezukusha |
---|
class 5 | lizokusha | elizokusha | lizokusha | alizukusha | elingezukusha | lingezukusha |
---|
class 6 | azokusha | azokusha | ezokusha | awazukusha | angezukusha | engezukusha |
---|
class 7 | sizokusha | esizokusha | sizokusha | asizukusha | esingezukusha | singezukusha |
---|
class 8 | zizokusha | ezizokusha | zizokusha | azizukusha | ezingezukusha | zingezukusha |
---|
class 9 | izokusha | ezokusha | izokusha | ayizukusha | engezukusha | ingezukusha |
---|
class 10 | zizokusha | ezizokusha | zizokusha | azizukusha | ezingezukusha | zingezukusha |
---|
class 11 | luzokusha | oluzokusha | luzokusha | aluzukusha | olungezukusha | lungezukusha |
---|
class 14 | buzokusha | obuzokusha | buzokusha | abuzukusha | obungezukusha | bungezukusha |
---|
class 15 | kuzokusha | okuzokusha | kuzokusha | akuzukusha | okungezukusha | kungezukusha |
---|
class 17 | kuzokusha | okuzokusha | kuzokusha | akuzukusha | okungezukusha | kungezukusha |
---|
|
remote future |
---|
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial |
---|
1st singular | ngiyokusha | engiyokusha | ngiyokusha | angiyukusha | engingeyukusha | ngingeyukusha |
---|
2nd singular | uyokusha | oyokusha | uyokusha | awuyukusha | ongeyukusha | ungeyukusha |
---|
1st plural | siyokusha | esiyokusha | siyokusha | asiyukusha | esingeyukusha | singeyukusha |
---|
2nd plural | niyokusha | eniyokusha | niyokusha | aniyukusha | eningeyukusha | ningeyukusha |
---|
class 1 | uyokusha | oyokusha | eyokusha | akayukusha | ongeyukusha | engeyukusha |
---|
class 2 | bayokusha | abayokusha | beyokusha | abayukusha | abangeyukusha | bengeyukusha |
---|
class 3 | uyokusha | oyokusha | uyokusha | awuyukusha | ongeyukusha | ungeyukusha |
---|
class 4 | iyokusha | eyokusha | iyokusha | ayiyukusha | engeyukusha | ingeyukusha |
---|
class 5 | liyokusha | eliyokusha | liyokusha | aliyukusha | elingeyukusha | lingeyukusha |
---|
class 6 | ayokusha | ayokusha | eyokusha | awayukusha | angeyukusha | engeyukusha |
---|
class 7 | siyokusha | esiyokusha | siyokusha | asiyukusha | esingeyukusha | singeyukusha |
---|
class 8 | ziyokusha | eziyokusha | ziyokusha | aziyukusha | ezingeyukusha | zingeyukusha |
---|
class 9 | iyokusha | eyokusha | iyokusha | ayiyukusha | engeyukusha | ingeyukusha |
---|
class 10 | ziyokusha | eziyokusha | ziyokusha | aziyukusha | ezingeyukusha | zingeyukusha |
---|
class 11 | luyokusha | oluyokusha | luyokusha | aluyukusha | olungeyukusha | lungeyukusha |
---|
class 14 | buyokusha | obuyokusha | buyokusha | abuyukusha | obungeyukusha | bungeyukusha |
---|
class 15 | kuyokusha | okuyokusha | kuyokusha | akuyukusha | okungeyukusha | kungeyukusha |
---|
class 17 | kuyokusha | okuyokusha | kuyokusha | akuyukusha | okungeyukusha | kungeyukusha |
---|
| |
present subjunctive |
---|
| positive | negative |
---|
1st singular | ngishe | ngingashi |
---|
2nd singular | ushe | ungashi |
---|
1st plural | sishe | singashi |
---|
2nd plural | nishe | ningashi |
---|
class 1 | ashe | angashi |
---|
class 2 | bashe | bangashi |
---|
class 3 | ushe | ungashi |
---|
class 4 | ishe | ingashi |
---|
class 5 | lishe | lingashi |
---|
class 6 | ashe | angashi |
---|
class 7 | sishe | singashi |
---|
class 8 | zishe | zingashi |
---|
class 9 | ishe | ingashi |
---|
class 10 | zishe | zingashi |
---|
class 11 | lushe | lungashi |
---|
class 14 | bushe | bungashi |
---|
class 15 | kushe | kungashi |
---|
class 17 | kushe | kungashi |
---|
| |
past subjunctive |
---|
| positive | negative |
---|
1st singular | ngasha | ngangasha,angasha,angangasha |
---|
2nd singular | washa | wangasha,awasha,awangasha |
---|
1st plural | sasha | sangasha,asasha,asangasha |
---|
2nd plural | nasha | nangasha,anasha,anangasha |
---|
class 1 | washa | wangasha,akasha,akangasha |
---|
class 2 | basha | bangasha,abasha,abangasha |
---|
class 3 | washa | wangasha,awasha,awangasha |
---|
class 4 | yasha | yangasha,ayasha,ayangasha |
---|
class 5 | lasha | langasha,alasha,alangasha |
---|
class 6 | asha | angasha,awasha,awangasha |
---|
class 7 | sasha | sangasha,asasha,asangasha |
---|
class 8 | zasha | zangasha,azasha,azangasha |
---|
class 9 | yasha | yangasha,ayasha,ayangasha |
---|
class 10 | zasha | zangasha,azasha,azangasha |
---|
class 11 | lwasha | lwangasha,alwasha,alwangasha |
---|
class 14 | basha | bangasha,abasha,abangasha |
---|
class 15 | kwasha | kwangasha,akwasha,akwangasha |
---|
class 17 | kwasha | kwangasha,akwasha,akwangasha |
---|