Thenoun is either:
Spanishquinaquina andFrenchquinquina are both derived fromQuechuakina-kina, areduplication ofkina(“bark; (specifically)Cinchona bark”).[3]
Theverb is derived from the noun.[4]
quinine (countable anduncountable,pluralquinines)
- (pharmacology) Analkaloid with thechemical formula C20H24N2O2, originallyderived fromcinchonabark (fromplants of thegenusCinchona),used totreatmalaria and as aningredient oftonic water, whichpresents as abittercolourlesspowder; also, adrugcontaining quinine or achemical compoundderived from it.[from early 19th c.]
1821,The Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature, and the Arts, volume10:The alkali of yellow bark may be distinguished from cinchonine by the name ofquinine.
1828,The Medical Guide, Quinine, cinchonine, and sulphate of quinine:Thequinine, being more potent than cinchonine, is generally preferred.
1887, Harriet W. Daly,Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page102:In spite ofquinine, the men sickened day by day. Many of them, fine, strong, active fellows, who had never known what a day's sickness meant, went down before the malarious mist that gathered in the jungles.
1922,Michael Arlen, “2/9/1”, in“Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days, London:W[illiam] Collins Sons & Co.,→OCLC:He hadn't the faintest idea what to do with a cold in the head, he just tookquinine and continued to blow his nose.
1936 June 30,Margaret Mitchell,Gone with the Wind, New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company,→OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company,1944,→OCLC, part IV,page363:“Die? Yes, they’ll all die—all these men. No bandages, no salves, noquinine, no chloroform. Oh, God, for some morphia! Just a little morphia for the worst ones. Just a little chloroform. God damn the Yankees! God damn the Yankees!”
1979, Lucile H. Brockway,Science and Colonial Expansion, New Haven, Conn., London:Yale University Press, published2002,→ISBN, page127:I propose that the availability of increased stores ofquinine under British control had a similar facilitating effect on the British colonial expansion into Africa in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
2014, Olivia Williams, “Gin is the Tonic”, inGin Glorious Gin: How Mother’s Ruin Became the Spirit of London, London:Headline Publishing Group,→ISBN,page163:So far, the daily dose ofquinine had been bitter and very unpalatable.[…] To make the medicine go down more easily, colonialists occasionally mixed the powder with sugar, water and gin.
alkaloid used to treat malaria
quinine (third-person singular simple presentquinines,present participlequinining,simple past and past participlequinined)
- (transitive, archaic) Totreat (someone) withquinine.
- Synonym:(obsolete)quininize
to treat (someone) with quinine
- ^“quinine,n.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
- ^“quinine,n.”, inOED Online
, Oxford:Oxford University Press, December 2020. - ^“quinaquina,n.”, inOED Online, Oxford:Oxford University Press, December 2020;“quinaquina,n.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
- ^“quinine,v.”, inOED Online, Oxford:Oxford University Press, December 2019.
quinine f (pluralquinines)
- quinine
, Oxford:Oxford University Press, December 2020.