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proper

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Properandpro per

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishpropre, fromAnglo-Normanproper,propre,Old Frenchpropre (French:propre), fromLatinproprius.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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proper (comparativemoreproper,superlativemostproper)

  1. Suitable.
    1. Suited oracceptable to thepurpose orcircumstances;fit,suitable.[13th c.]
      Synonyms:correct,right,apt,prudent,upright,sensible,fitting;see alsoThesaurus:suitable
      Antonyms:incorrect,wrong,bad,imprudent,insensible,improper;see alsoThesaurus:unsuitable
      theproper time to plant potatoes
      • 1733, [Alexander Pope],An Essay on Man. [],(please specify |epistle=I to IV), London: Printed forJ[ohn] Wilford, [],→OCLC:
        Theproper study of mankind is man.
      • 2014 June 14, “It's a gas”, inThe Economist, volume411, number8891:
        One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering isproper drains. Isolating a city’s effluent and shipping it away in underground sewers has probably saved more lives than any medical procedure except vaccination.
    2. Following theestablishedstandards ofbehavior ormanners;correct ordecorous.[18th c.]
      Synonyms:appropriate,decent,good,polite,right,well-mannered,upright;see alsoThesaurus:orthodox,Thesaurus:virtuous
      Antonyms:inappropriate,indecent,bad,impolite,wrong,ill-mannered,unseemly;see alsoThesaurus:unorthodox,Thesaurus:immoral
      a veryproper young lady
      • 1910,Emerson Hough, chapter I, inThe Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
        This new-comer was a man who in any company would have seemed striking.[]Indeed, all his features were in large mold, like the man himself, as though he had come from a day when skin garments made theproper garb of men.
      • 2014, Paul Chrystal,Tea: A Very British Beverage:
        TheNippy became a national icon, symbolic of the girl next door, always approachable andproper;[]
    3. (topology, of afunction) Such that thepreimage of everycompact set is compact.
    4. (topology, of afunction)Continuous,mappingclosed sets to closed sets, and such that thepreimage of every point iscompact.
    5. (algebraic geometry, of amorphism ofschemes)separated, offinite type, anduniversally closed.
    6. (algebraic geometry, of avariety over a fieldk{\displaystyle k}) such that unique morphism from the variety tok{\displaystyle k} is proper (as above).
    7. (mathematical analysis, of ametric space) Such that everyclosed ball iscompact
  2. Possessed, related.
    1. (grammar) Used todesignate aparticular person, place, or thing.Proper nouns are usually written with aninitialcapital letter.[14th c.]
    2. Pertaining exclusively to a specific thing or person;particular.[14th c.]
      Synonyms:individual,singular;see alsoThesaurus:specific
      • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym;Robert Burton],The Anatomy of Melancholy: [], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: [] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps,→OCLC:
        , II.1.3:
        They have aproper saint almost for every peculiar infirmity: for poison, gouts, agues [].
      • 1829,James Marsh, Preliminary Essay toSamuel Taylor Coleridge'sAids to Reflection
        those higher and peculiar attributes [] which constitute ourproper humanity
    3. (usually postpositive) In the strict sense; within the strict definition or core (of a specified place, taxonomic order, idea, etc).
      • 1893,Annual of the Universal Medical Sciences:
        These are divided into two great families, the vipersproper (Viperidae) and the pit-vipers (Crotalidae).
      • 1976, Eu-Yang Kwang,The political reconstruction of China, page165:
        Siberia, though it stands outside the territorial confines of Russiaproper, constitutes an essentially component part[]. Outer Mongolia, [so called] to distinguish it from Inner Mongolia, which lies nearer to Chinaproper, revolted and declared its independence.
      • 2004,Stress, the Brain and Depression, page24:
        Hence, this border is still blurred, raising the question whether traumatic life events induce sadness/distress – which is self-evident – or depressionproper and, secondly, whether sadness/distress is a precursor or pacemaker of depression.
      • For more quotations using this term, seeCitations:proper.
    4. Belonging to oneself or itself;own.[14th c.]
    5. (heraldry) Portrayed in natural or usualcoloration, as opposed to conventional tinctures.[16th c.]
    6. (mathematics) Being strictlypart of some other thing (not necessarily explicitly mentioned, but of definitional importance), and not being the thing itself.[20th c.]
    7. (mathematics, physics)Eigen-; designating a function or value which is aneigenfunction oreigenvalue.[20th c.]
  3. Accurate, strictly applied.
    1. Excellent, of high quality; such as the specific person or thing should ideally be. (Now often merged with later senses.)[14th c.]
      Synonyms:comprehensive,royal,sweeping,intensive
      Antonyms:partial,incomplete,superficial,slapdash
      Now that was aproper breakfast.
    2. (now regional)Attractive,elegant.[14th c.]
    3. (often postpositive) In the verystrictestsense of the word.[14th c.]
      Synonyms:strictly speaking,properlyspeaking,par excellence
      • 1922 February,James Joyce, “[Episode 16]”, inUlysses, Paris:Shakespeare and Company, [],→OCLC:
        Though unusual in the Dublin area he knew that it was not by any means unknown for desperadoes who had next to nothing to live on to be abroad waylaying and generally terrorising peaceable pedestrians by placing a pistol at their head in some secluded spot outside the cityproper [].
    4. (now colloquial)Utter,complete.[15th c.]
      Synonyms:complete,right,total,utter;see alsoThesaurus:total
      When I realized I was wearing my shirt inside out, I felt aproper fool.
    5. (set theory, of aclass) Not being aset.

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Translations

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fit, suitable
following the established standards of behavior or manners
in the very strictest sense of the word
grammar: designating a particular person, place or thing
belonging to oneself or itself, own
complete, thorough
entitled to its name, true
heraldry: having its natural or usual coloration
informal: utter
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked‌: "right or correct"

Adverb

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proper (notcomparable)

  1. (UK, Ireland, colloquial) properly; thoroughly; completely.
    • 1929,Sir Arthur Conan Doyle,When the World Screamed[1]:
      'I thought it was the American Associated Press.' 'Oh, they are on the track, are they?' 'They to-day, and theTimes yesterday. Oh, they are buzzing roundproper.'
    • 1956,Anthony Burgess,Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published1972, page202:
      “Christmas Eve,” said Nabby Adams. “I used to pump the bloody organ for the carols,proper pissed usually.”
    • 1957,Ray Lawler,Summer of the Seventeenth Doll, Sydney: Fontana Books, published1974, page32:
      The kid towelled him upproper.
    • 1964, Saint Andrew Society (Glasgow, Scotland),The Scots magazine: Volume 82
      Don't you think you must have lookedproper daft?
  2. (nonstandard, colloquial)properly.
    • 1988, Mary Steele,Mallyroot's Pub at Misery Ponds, Ringwood: Puffin Books, page68:
      "But it's not many of us as can make 'emproper."
    • 2012, Latta,Soufside,Hello (song)
      When I meet a bad chick, know I gotta tell her hello
      talk realproper, but she straight up out the ghetto

Noun

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proper (pluralpropers)

  1. (obsolete) Something set apart for a special use.
  2. (Christianity) A part of the Christianliturgy that varies according to the date.
    Coordinate term:ordinary(noun)

Anagrams

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Catalan

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Etymology

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Fromprop +‎-er.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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proper (femininepropera,masculine pluralpropers,feminine pluralproperes)

  1. near,close
    Synonym:pròxim
  2. neighbouring
  3. next
    Synonym:següent

Synonyms

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Related terms

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Further reading

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  • “proper” inDiccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Czech

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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proper

  1. second-personsingularimperative ofproprat

Danish

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchpropre(clean, house-trained, own), fromLatinproprius(own).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /proːbər/,[ˈpʰʁ̥oːˀb̥ɐ]

Adjective

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proper

  1. cleanly
  2. tidy

Inflection

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Inflection ofproper
positivecomparativesuperlative
indefinite common singularproper2
indefinite neuter singularpropert2
pluralpropre2
definite attributive1propre

1 When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
2 The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Derived terms

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References

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Dutch

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Dutchproper, fromOld Frenchpropre, fromLatinproprius.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈproː.pər/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation:pro‧per

Adjective

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proper (comparativeproperder,superlativeproperst)

  1. (chiefly Belgium)clean

Declension

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Declension ofproper
uninflectedproper
inflectedpropere
comparativeproperder
positivecomparativesuperlative
predicative/adverbialproperproperderhetproperst
hetproperste
indefinitem./f. sing.propereproperdereproperste
n. sing.properproperderproperste
pluralpropereproperdereproperste
definitepropereproperdereproperste
partitivepropersproperders

Synonyms

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German

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Etymology

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Ultimately fromOld Frenchpropre, fromLatinproprius. Probably borrowed in north-western dialects viaMiddle Dutchproper [13th c., sense: 15th c.], later generalized under the influence of modernFrenchpropre. The colloquial euphemism for “chubby” may, in part, be due to association withProppen (whence alsoproppenvoll andWonneproppen).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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proper (strong nominative masculine singularproperer,comparativeproperer,superlativeampropersten)

  1. (somewhat informal, dated) in good condition:clean;neat;well-kept;developed
    Bis vor kurzem herrschte hier bittere Armut, aber jetzt ist es ein ganzproperes Städtchen geworden.
    Until recently bitter poverty prevailed around here, but now it’s become rather aneat little town.
  2. (colloquial, euphemistic)overweight;chubby
    Die Linda war doch immer so’ne Schlanke, aber jetzt sieht sie ziemlichproper aus.
    Linda was always a slender one, but now she looks prettychubby.

Declension

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Positive forms ofproper
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristpropersieistproperesistpropersiesindproper
strong declension
(without article)
nominativepropererpropereproperespropere
genitiveproperenpropererproperenproperer
dativeproperempropererproperemproperen
accusativeproperenpropereproperespropere
weak declension
(with definite article)
nominativederproperedieproperedasproperedieproperen
genitivedesproperenderproperendesproperenderproperen
dativedemproperenderproperendemproperendenproperen
accusativedenproperendieproperedasproperedieproperen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)
nominativeeinproperereinepropereeinproperes(keine)properen
genitiveeinespropereneinerpropereneinesproperen(keiner)properen
dativeeinempropereneinerpropereneinemproperen(keinen)properen
accusativeeinenpropereneinepropereeinproperes(keine)properen
Comparative forms ofproper
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristproperersieistpropereresistproperersiesindproperer
strong declension
(without article)
nominativeproperererpropererepropereresproperere
genitivepropererenproperererpropererenpropererer
dativepropereremproperererpropererempropereren
accusativepropererenpropererepropereresproperere
weak declension
(with definite article)
nominativederpropererediepropereredaspropererediepropereren
genitivedespropererenderpropererendespropererenderpropereren
dativedempropererenderpropererendempropererendenpropereren
accusativedenpropererendiepropereredaspropererediepropereren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)
nominativeeinpropererereineproperereeinpropereres(keine)propereren
genitiveeinesproperereneinerproperereneinespropereren(keiner)propereren
dativeeinemproperereneinerproperereneinempropereren(keinen)propereren
accusativeeinenproperereneineproperereeinpropereres(keine)propereren
Superlative forms ofproper
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristamproperstensieistamproperstenesistamproperstensiesindampropersten
strong declension
(without article)
nominativepropersterpropersteproperstesproperste
genitiveproperstenpropersterproperstenproperster
dativeproperstempropersterproperstempropersten
accusativeproperstenpropersteproperstesproperste
weak declension
(with definite article)
nominativederproperstedieproperstedasproperstediepropersten
genitivedesproperstenderproperstendesproperstenderpropersten
dativedemproperstenderproperstendemproperstendenpropersten
accusativedenproperstendieproperstedasproperstediepropersten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)
nominativeeinproperstereinepropersteeinproperstes(keine)propersten
genitiveeinespropersteneinerpropersteneinespropersten(keiner)propersten
dativeeinempropersteneinerpropersteneinempropersten(keinen)propersten
accusativeeinenpropersteneinepropersteeinproperstes(keine)propersten

Further reading

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  • proper” inDuden online
  • proper” inDigitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Old French

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Adjective

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proper m (oblique and nominative feminine singularproper)

  1. (rare)Alternative form ofpropre
    Or a mai entendez Kiproper volunté amez, Set Pechez 70

Swedish

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Adjective

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proper (comparativeproprare,superlativeproprast)

  1. neat,tidy
    Synonym:välvårdad
  2. proper (following (strict) established social standards)
    enproper tillställning
    aproper event

Declension

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Inflection ofproper
Indefinitepositivecomparativesuperlative1
common singularproperproprareproprast
neuter singularpropertproprareproprast
pluralpropraproprareproprast
masculine plural2propreproprareproprast
Definitepositivecomparativesuperlative
masculine singular3propreproprarepropraste
allpropraproprarepropraste

1 The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
2 Dated or archaic.
3 Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

References

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