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pole

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "pole"

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishpole,pal, fromOld Englishpāl(“a pole, stake, post; a kind of hoe or spade”), fromProto-West Germanic*pāl(“pole”), fromLatinpālus(“stake, pale, prop, stay”), perhaps fromOld Latin*paxlos, fromProto-Italic*pākslos, ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*peh₂ǵ-(“to nail, fasten”).Doublet ofpeel,pale, andpalus.

Cognates

Cognate withScotspale,paill(“stake, pale”),North Frisianpul,pil(“stake, pale”), Saterland FrisianPool(“pole”),West Frisianpoal(“pole”),Dutchpaal(“pole”),GermanPfahl(“pile, stake, post, pole”),Danishpæl(“pole”),Swedishpåle(“pole”),Icelandicpáll(“hoe, spade, pale”),Old Englishfæc(“space of time, while, division, interval; lustrum”).

Noun

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pole (pluralpoles)

  1. Originally, astick; now specifically, along andslenderpiece ofmetal or (especially)wood, used forvariousconstruction orsupportpurposes.
    • 1913,Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, inMr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London:D[aniel] Appleton and Company,→OCLC:
      For a spell we done pretty well. Then there came a reg'lar terror of a sou'wester same as you don't get one summer in a thousand, and blowed the shanty flat and ripped about half of the weirpoles out of the sand.
  2. A construction by which ananimal isharnessed to acarriage.
    Synonyms:carriage pole,beam,shaft,drawbar
    Meronyms:pole-guard,pole-hook,pole-hound,pole-pad,pole-pin,pole-pin-strap,pole-plate,pole-ring,pole-screen,pole-socket,pole-stop,pole-strap
  3. (fishing) A type of basicfishing rod.
  4. A long sports implement used forpole-vaulting; now made ofglassfiber orcarbon fiber, formerly alsometal,bamboo andwood have been used.
  5. (slang, spotting) Atelescope used to identify birds, aeroplanes or wildlife.
  6. (historical) A unit of length, equal to arod (1⁄4chain or 5+1⁄2yards).
  7. (motor racing) Apole position.
  8. (US, African-American Vernacular, slang) Arifle.
  9. (vulgar, slang) Apenis.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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long and slender object for construction or support
carriage pole—seebeam
type of fishing rod
long and slender object for propelling a boat
implement for pole-vaulting
telescope
unit of length
motor racing: pole position—see alsopole position
(vulgar) penis

Verb

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pole (third-person singular simple presentpoles,present participlepoling,simple past and past participlepoled)

  1. Topropel by pushing with poles, to push with a pole.
    Huck Finnpoled that raft southward down the Mississippi because going northward against the current was too much work.
  2. To identify something quite precisely using a telescope.
    Hepoled off the serial of the Gulfstream to confirm its identity.
  3. (transitive) To furnish with poles for support.
    topole beans or hops
  4. (transitive) Toconvey on poles.
    topole hay into a barn
  5. (transitive) Tostir, as molten glass, with a pole.
  6. (transitive, baseball) To strike (the ball) very hard.
    • 2007, Tony Silvia,Baseball Over the Air:
      Long hadpoled the ball into the lower deck in right center.
  7. (transitive, metallurgy) To treat (copper) by blowing natural gas or other reducing agent through the molten oxide, burning off the oxygen.
    topole copper
Translations
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propel by pushing with poles

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Frenchpole,pôle, fromLatinpolus, fromAncient Greekπόλος(pólos,“axis of rotation”).

Noun

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pole (pluralpoles)

  1. Either of the two points on theearth's surface around which itrotates; also, similar points on any other rotating object.
  2. A point ofmagnetic focus, especially each of the two opposing such points of amagnet (designated north and south).
  3. (figuratively, by extension) Any of a small set ofextremes; especially, either of two extremes that are possible or available.
    In discussing alternatives to the polar extremes, Professor Nguyen mentioned twopoles of a filthy floor versus a sterile surgical site.
  4. (geometry) A fixedpoint relative to other points or lines.
  6. (electricity) A contact on an electrical device (such as abattery) at which electric current enters or leaves.
  7. (complex analysis) For ameromorphic functionf(z){\displaystyle f(z)}, any pointa{\displaystyle a} for whichf(z)→∞{\displaystyle f(z)\rightarrow \infty } asz→a{\displaystyle z\rightarrow a}.
    The functionf(z)=1z−3{\displaystyle f(z)={\frac {1}{z-3}}} has a singlepole atz=3{\displaystyle z=3}.
  8. (obsolete) The firmament; the sky.
  9. Either of the states that characterize abipolar disorder.
Antonyms
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  • (antonym(s) of“complex analysis”):zero
Derived terms
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Terms derived frompole (Etymology 2)
Translations
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extreme of an axis
magnetic point
contact on an electrical device
isolated point of a meromorphic function (complex analysis)
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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pole (third-person singular simple presentpoles,present participlepoling,simple past and past participlepoled)

  1. (transitive) Toinducepiezoelectricity in (a substance) byaligning thedipoles.

Anagrams

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Äiwoo

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Verb

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pole

  1. towork (in a garden or field)

References

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Alemannic German

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanboln.

Verb

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pole

  1. (Uri) tomakenoise,clatter,rumble

References

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Czech

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CzechWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediacs

Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Czechpole, fromProto-Slavic*poľe.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pole n

  1. (agriculture)field
  2. (physics)field
  3. (algebra)field
    Synonym:komutativní těleso
  4. (computing)field
  5. (programming)array

Declension

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Declension ofpole (soft neuter)
singularplural
nominativepolepole
genitivepolepolí
dativepolipolím
accusativepolepole
vocativepolepole
locativepolipolích
instrumentalpolempoli

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “pole”, inPříruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech),1935–1957
  • “pole”, inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech),1960–1971, 1989
  • “pole”, inInternetová jazyková příručka (in Czech),2008–2025

Esperanto

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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pole

  1. inPolish

Estonian

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Etymology

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Contraction ofepole (Modern:eiole).ep is the old 3rd person singular form of the negative verb.

Verb

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pole

  1. Contraction ofeiole.

Galician

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Etymology 1

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FromLatinpollen.

Noun

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pole m (pluralpoles)

  1. pollen
  2. (motor racing)pole position
Synonyms
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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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pole

  1. third-personsingularpresentindicative ofpulir

Latin

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Noun

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pole

  1. vocativesingular ofpolus

References

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  • "pole", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’sGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • “pole”, inHarry Thurston Peck, editor (1898),Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Englishpāl, fromLatinpālus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pole (pluralpoles)

  1. pole,stake,staff

Descendants

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References

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Nubi

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromSwahilipole.

Interjection

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póle

  1. sorry
    pole ma kasul!
    sorry for washing (the clothes)!

References

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  • Wellens, Ineke (2005)The Nubi Language of Uganda: an Arabic Creole in Africa, Leiden, The Netherlands:Brill,→ISBN

Old Czech

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Alternative forms

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  • poľe(alternative writing)

Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*pȍľe.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pole n

  1. field(land area; wide open space)
    polem / napoli ―outside
    přěspole přějěti/jězditi ―to have sex
  2. plain
  3. battlefield,battleground
    polem / vpoli ležěti ―(please add an English translation of this usage example)

Declension

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Declension ofpole (soft o-stem)
singulardualplural
nominativepolepolipole
genitivepolepoľúpolí
dativepoľupoľomapoľóm
accusativepolepolipole
vocativepolepolipole
locativepoli,poľupoľúpolích
instrumentalpolempoľomapoli
This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See alsoAppendix:Old Czech nouns andAppendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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Old Polish

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*pȍľe. First attested in 1250.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE)/pɔlʲɛ/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE)/pɔlʲɛ/

Noun

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pole n (related adjectivepolny)

  1. field(arable land)
    • 1930 [c.1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor,Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎[1],9, 25:
      Zbyl gest grad we wszey szemy egipskyey wszitko, czsosz bilo napolyech (in agris)
      [Zbił jest grad we wszej ziemi ejipskiej wszytko, csoż było napolech (in agris)]
    • 1962 [c.1420], Stanisław Urbańczyk, editor,Wokabularz trydencki‎[2], number 7:
      Ruspole, inde rusticus
      [Ruspole, inde rusticus]
  2. (figuratively, attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland)crops from afield
  3. (attested in Lesser Poland)field(open land)
    • 1930 [c.1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor,Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎[4],4, 8:
      A gdisz napolu (in agro) bilasta, podnosl szø Kayn ku Ablowy
      [A gdyż napolu (in agro) byłasta, podniosł się Kain ku Ablowi]
    • 1962-1975 [1439], Stanisław Kuraś, Irena Sułkowska-Kuraś, editors,Zbiór dokumentów małopolskich [A collection of documents from Lesser Poland]‎[5], volume II,Lesser Poland, page311:
      Quia ex recognicione fratrum predictorum... cessit castrum Bankowecz cum villis..., item in campo al. wpolyu ville Gebolthow, et utraque Cowalicow, Maloschow... de his fratri predicto iuniori cesserunt
      [Quia ex recognicione fratrum predictorum... cessit castrum Bąkowiec cum villis..., item in campo al. wpolu ville Giebołtow, et utraque Kowalikow, Małoszow... de his fratri predicto iuniori cesserunt]
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors,Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎[6],Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages131, 6:
      Naleszly gesmy gy wpolech (in campis) lassa
      [Naleźli jeśmy ji wpolech (in campis) lasa]
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors,Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎[7],Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages103, 12:
      Pycz bødzye wszytek zwyerzpola (agri)
      [Pić będzie wszytek źwierzpola (agri)]
  4. (attested in Masovia)campsite;battlefield
  5. outside(area not in a building)
    • Middle of the 15th century,Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎[8], page132:
      Vyschly napolye (ad campum), nalyezly Yesvsa chodzącz y tam, y szam
      [Wyszli napole i naleźli Jesusa chodząc i tam i sam]
  6. (heraldry)background
    • 1856-1870 [1455], Antoni Zygmunt Helcel, editor,Starodawne Prawa Polskiego Pomniki‎[9], volume VII, number610:
      Niccolaus post awam suam est de sangwine et armis ipsorum dictis Stanczowye, proclamacio autem ipsorum Nabra, deferentes in clipeo tres lineas vlg. trzy *polye in longitudine clipei
      [Niccolaus post awam suam est de sangwine et armis ipsorum dictis Stańcowie, proclamacio autem ipsorum Nabra, deferentes in clipeo tres lineas vlg. trzypola in longitudine clipei5]
  7. (attested in Greater Poland)corruption ofopole
    • 1840 [1252], Edward Raczyński, editor,Kodex dyplomatyczny Wielkiej Polski zawierający bulle papieżów, nadania książąt, przywileje miast, klasztorów i wsi, wraz z innemi podobnej treści dyplomatami tyczącemi się historyi tej prowincyi od roku 1136 do roku 1597‎[10],Greater Poland, page257:
      Dedimus omnimodam libertatem... a podworowe, abpole, a bove et vacca annuali
      [Dedimus omnimodam libertatem... a podworowe, abpole, a bove et vacca annuali]

Derived terms

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nouns
verbs

Descendants

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References

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  • Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “pole”, inSłownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie,→ISBN
  • Mańczak, Witold (2017) “pole”, inPolski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności,→ISBN
  • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “pole”, inEtymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “pole”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN

Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl
pole

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromOld Polishpole.Doublet ofpolje.

Noun

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pole n (diminutivepólkoorpoletko,related adjectivepolny)

  1. (countable, agriculture)field(land for cultivation)
    Synonyms:łan,niwa
  2. (countable)field(land designated for some activity)
  3. field(area characterized by some activity, i.e. battle)
    Synonym:teren
  4. (uncountable, Kraków, Żywiec)outside(area not inside a building)
    Synonym:dwór
  5. (countable, sports)field.ground,pitch
  6. (countable)field(part of some surface)
  7. (countable)field(extent of someone's interest or activities)
    Synonym:dziedzina
  8. (uncountable)field(freedom of action or choice) [withdo(+genitive)‘for what’]
    Synonym:możliwość
  9. (countable, physics)field(physical phenomenon (such as force, potential or fluid velocity) that pervades a region)
  10. (uncountable, mathematics)field(number that expresses the area of a given geometric figure in square units)
    Synonym:powierzchnia
  11. (computing)field(area of memory or storage reserved for a particular value, subject to virtual access controls)
  12. (obsolete)background(part of an image that is not the main part)
  13. (obsolete, anatomy)group of nerve cells located close to each other in the central nervous system and performing the same function
  14. (obsolete, hunting)hunting ground
    Synonym:łowisko
  15. (obsolete)measure of land
  16. (Middle Polish, chess)field(area on a chessboard)
  17. (Middle Polish)The meaning of this term is uncertain.
    • 1564, J. Mączyński,Lexicon‎[11], page 9a:
      Fortuna anatina et anataria, Szcżeśćie ná káczepole.
      [Fortuna anatina et anataria, Szczęście na kaczepole.]
  18. (Near Masovian)strip ofclothing
    Synonym:bryt
Declension
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Declension ofpole
singularplural
nominativepolepola
genitivepolapól
dativepolupolom
accusativepolepola
instrumentalpolempolami
locativepolupolach
vocativepolepola
Derived terms
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nouns
verbs
verbs

Trivia

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According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990),pole is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 40 times in scientific texts, 6 times in news, 17 times in essays, 28 times in fiction, and 17 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 108 times, making it the 581st most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

Etymology 2

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Seepodle.

Preposition

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pole

  1. (Kuyavia, Central Greater Poland)Alternative form ofpodle(“next to,near”)

Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Noun

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pole f

  1. dative/locativesingular ofpoła

References

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  1. ^Ida Kurcz (1990) “pole”, inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page395

Further reading

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  • pole inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • pole in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “pole”, inSłownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Dorota Adamiec (25.03.2019) “POLE”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “pole”, inSłownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “pole”, inSłownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • A. Kryński,W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “pole”, inSłownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page525
  • Oskar Kolberg (1867) “pole”, inDzieła wszystkie: Kujawy (in Polish), page275
  • Zygmunt Wasilewski (1889) “pole”, inJagodne: wieś w powiecie łukowskim, gminie Dąbie: zarys etnograficzny (in Polish), Warsaw: M. Arct, page245
  • Oskar Kolberg (1877) “pole”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, inZbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page22
  • Stanisław Ciszewski (1916) “pole”, in “Przyczynek do słownika gwary wielkopolskiej”, inPrace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume8, z. 1, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page97
  • Izydor Kopernicki (1875) “pole”, in “Spostrzeżenia nad właściwościami językowémi w mowie Górali Bieskidowych z dodatkiem słowniczka wyrazów góralskich”, inRozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (I), volume 3, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page374

Serbo-Croatian

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Noun

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pole (Cyrillic spellingполе)

  1. vocativesingular ofpol

Silesian

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Polishpole.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pole n (related adjectivepolny)

  1. field(open earth, especially for cultivation)
  2. (computing)field(area of memory or storage reserved for a particular value, subject to virtual access controls)
  3. (Cieszyn)(singular only)outside
    Synonyms:dwōr,plac
    Idym napole. ―I'm going outside.

Declension

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Declension ofpole
singularplural
nominativepolepola
genitivepolapolōw
dativepolupolōm
accusativepolepola
instrumentalpolympolami/polōma
locativepolupolach
vocativepolepola

Further reading

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  • pole in dykcjonorz.eu
  • pole in silling.org

Slovak

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SlovakWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediask

Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*poľe.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pole n

  1. field

Declension

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Declension ofpole
singularplural
nominativepolepolia
genitivepoľapolí
dativepoľupoliam
accusativepolepolia
locativepolipoliach
instrumentalpoľompoľami/poliami

Derived terms

[edit]

Further reading

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  • Peciar, Štefan, editor (1959–1968), “pole”, inSlovník slovenského jazyka [Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–6 (A – Ž; Doplnky, Dodatky), Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo SAV,→OCLC
  • “pole”, inSlovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak),https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk,2003–2025

Spanish

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed fromEnglishpole position.

Noun

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pole m (pluralpoles)

  1. (motor racing)pole position
    Synonym:primera posición

Etymology 2

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Verb

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pole

  1. inflection ofpolir:
    1. third-personsingularpresentindicative
    2. second-personsingularimperative

Swahili

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Pronunciation

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Interjection

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pole (pluralpoleni)

  1. sorry

See also

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Adjective

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-pole (declinable)

  1. calm,gentle

Declension

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Inflected forms of-pole
Noun classsingularplural
m-wa class(I/II)mpolewapole
m-mi class(III/IV)mpolemipole
ji-ma class(V/VI)polemapole
ki-vi class(VII/VIII)kipolevipole
n class(IX/X)polepole
u class(XI)mpoleseen(X) orma(VI) class
pa class(XVI)papole
ku class(XVII)kupole
mu class(XVIII)mupole

Derived terms

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Descendants

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